英语动词25种句型.docx

英语动词25种句型.docx

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英语动词25种句型

Verbpatterns

ForanyonewhoislearningtospeakorwritecorrectEnglish,themostimportantwordinasentenceistheverb.ForthisreasonthecompilersoftheDictionaryhavepaidparticularattentiontoverbpatterns.Theseshowthelearnerhowtouseverbstoformcorrectsentences.

ApersonlearningEnglishasaforeignlanguagemaybetemptedtoformsentencesbyanalogy.Forexample,hehearsorseessuchsentencesasPleasetellmethemeaningandPleaseshowmetheway（anindirectobjectfollowedbyadirectobject）.Byanalogyheformstheincorrectsentence*Pleaseexplainmethemeaning（insteadofPleaseexplainthemeaningtome）.HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIintendtocome,Iproposetocome,andIwanttocome,andbyanalogyheformstheincorrectsentencesas*Isuggesttocome（insteadofIsuggestthatIshouldcome）.HehearsorseessuchsentencesasIaskedhimtocome,Itoldhimtocome,andIwantedhimtocome,andbyanalogyheformssuchincorrectsentencesas*Iproposedhimtocomeand*Isuggestedhimtocome（insteadofIproposed/suggestedthatheshouldcome）.HenotesthatHebegantotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHebegantalkingaboutthematterandsupposes,wrongly,thatHestoppedtotalkaboutthemattermeansthesameasHestoppedtalkingaboutthematter.

Tohelpthelearnertoavoidsuchmistakes,thecompilersoftheDictionaryhaveprovidedasetoftablesinwhichvariousVerbPatternsaresetoutwithexamples.Eachpatternhasanumberedcode（forexample,[VP5],[VP6A],[VP21]）,andthisprovidesalinkbetweenthetablesandtheverbentriesintheDictionary,becauseeveryverbentryhasitsowncode（orseveralcodesifthereareseveralmeanings）.

Afewexampleswillshowhowthelearnercanreferfromthe[VP]codesinentriestothe[VP]tablesintheIntroduction.OneofthepatternsgivenintheDictionaryforcongratulateis[VP14],andthisverbisalsousedinoneoftheexamplesinthe[VP]tablefor[VP14]:

Wecongratulatedhimonhissuccess.Thepatternprovidedforthesecondmeaningofconsideris[VP6A].Ifthelearnerturnstothattablehewillfindseveralexamplesbasedonthatpattern,forexampleWeallenjoyedthefilm.Thiswillhelphimtoformacorrectsentencewithconsiderin[VP6A],forexampleHeconsideredtheproblem.

Sometimesextrainformationisgiveninanentrytohelpthelearnertolearntherightpattern.Forexample,intheentryforabsolve,hewillfindtheverb+preposition~（from）,placedafterthecodes[VP6A,14].Thisshowsthattheverbcanbeusedasinabsolveamanfromavow.Intheentryforaccedetherearethecodes[VP2A,3A],followedby~（to）,showingthattheverbmaybeusedasinaccedetoaproposal.

Itisimportanttonotethatthelearnerisnotexpectedtomemorizetheseverbpatterns.Theyareasimplereferencesystem,apracticaltooltoguidethelearnerwhowantstoformcorrectsentences.Theyareawayofhelpingthelearnerwhowillbenefitfromalistofthegrammaticalrulesthatunderliethedifferentsortsofexamplesentencesthataregivenintheentriesforverbs.

AfulltreatmentoftheseverbpatternsisfoundinGuidetoPatternsandUsageinEnglish,by.Hornby（OxfordUniversityPress）.

Note:

Theuseoftheasterisk*indicatesthatthephraseorsentenceisanexampleofincorrectusage.

[VP1]

Thispatternisfortheverbbe.Thesubjectcomplementmaybeanoun,apronoun,anadjective,anadjectivephrase（eg.aprepositionalgroup）.Theremaybeanadverbialadjunctoraninfinitivephrase.

Subject+BE

subjectcomplement/adjunct

1.Thisis

2.Thissuitcaseis

3.Thechildrenare

4.Thisbookis

5.Thisis

abook.

mine.

asleep.

foryou.

whereIwork.

Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.

There/It+BE

subject

1.Therewas

2.Itwasimpossible

3.Itwasapity

alargecrowd.

togofurther.

theweatherwassobad.

[VP2]

A组:

Thispatternisforverbswhichmaybeusedwithoutacomplement.Suchverbsarecalledcompleteintransitiveverbs.Adjunctsarepossiblebutnotessential.

Subject

vi.

1.Weall

2.Themoon

3.Aperiodofpoliticalunrest

breathe,drinkandeat.

rose.

followed.

Therearevariationswithintroductorythere/it.

1.Therefollowed

2.Itdoesn’tmatter

alongperiodofpoliticalunrest.

whetherwestartnoworlater.

That-clausesarepossibleafterseem,appear,happen,chanceandfollow.

1.Itseemed

2.Itsochanced/happened

3.Itdoesn’tfollow

（that）thedaywouldneverend.

（that）wewereoutwhenshecalled.

（that）theyarehusbandandwife.

B组:

Verbsinthispatternareusedwithanadverbialadjunctofdistance,duration,weight,cost,etc.Formayoccurbeforeadverbialsofdistanceandduration.Anindirectobjectmayoccuraftercost,lastandtake（meaning‘require’）.

Subject+vi.

（for）+adverbialadjunct

1.Wewalked

2.Themeetinglasted

3.Thebookcost（me）

4.Thisboxweighs

（for）fivemiles.

（for）twohours.

£.

fivekilos.

C组:

Manyintransitiveverbsareusedwithanadverbialadjunct（includinganadverbialparticlealone,oranadverbialparticlefollowedbyapreposition）.

Subject+vi.

adverbialadjunct

1.Go

2.Pleasecome

3.I’llsooncatch

4.It’sgetting

5.Itlooks

away!

in.

upwithyou.

onformidnight.

likerain/asifitweregoingtorain.

D组:

Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyanadjective,anounor,inthecaseofareflexiveverb,apronoun.Inchoativeverbs（eg.become,come,get）andverbsofthesenses（eg.smell,taste,feel）areamongthemanyverbsusedinthispattern.

Subject+vi.

adjective/noun/pronoun

1.Herdreamshavecome

2.Thefirehasburnt

3.Shemarried

4.Hedied

5.Laterhebecame

6.You’renotlooking

true.

low.

young.

amillionaire.

anacrobat.

yourself.

E组:

Inthispatternthepredicativeadjunctisapresentparticiple.

Subject+vi.

presentparticiple

1.Shelay

2.Doyouliketogo

3.Thechildrencame

smilingatme.

dancing

runningtomeetus.

[VP3]

A组:

Verbsinthispatternarefollowedbyaprepositionanditsobject（whichmaybeanoun,pronoun,gerund,phrase,orclause）.Theverbandprepositionfunctionasaunit.

Subject+vi.

preposition+noun/pronoun

1.Youmayrely

2.CanIcount

3.Whathashappened

onthatman/hisdiscretion/hisbeingdiscreet.

onyourhelp

tothem

Aninfinitivephrasemayfollowthenoun/pronoun.

1.We’rewaiting

2.Irely

3.Shepleaded

forournewcartobedelivered.

onyoutobediscreet.

withthejudgetohavemercy.

B组:

Theprepositionisomittedbeforeathat-clause,thusproducingthesamewordorderasin[VP9]（fortransitiveverbs）.

Heinsistedonhisinnocence.

Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.

Cf.Hedeclaredthathewasinnocent.

[VP3A]

[VP3B]

[VP9]

Theprepositionmayberetainedifitsobjectisadependentquestion,orifapreceding‘preposition+it’constructionisused.

Subject+vi.

（preposition<+it>）

clause

1.Iagree

2.Youmustsee

3.Ihesitated

4.Haveyoudecided

5.Don’tworry

（toit）

（about）

（upon）

（about）

thatitwasamistake.

thatthissortofthingneveroccursagain.

whethertoacceptyouroffer.

whereyouwillgoforyourholidays

howthemoneywaslost.

[VP4]

A组:

Inthispatterntheverbisfollowedbyato-infinitiveofpurpose,outcome,orresult.

Subject+vi.

to-infinitive

1.Westopped

2.Howdidyoucome

3.Willhelive

4.Someonehascalled

torest/tohavearest.

toknowher

tobeninety

toseeyou.

B组:

Theinfinitivemaybeequivalenttoaco-ordinateclause.

Subject+vi.

to-infinitive

1.Heawoke

2.Thegoodolddayshavegone

3.Electronicmusichasclearlycome

4.Helookedround

tofindthehouseonfire.

nevertoreturn.

tostay.

toseethedoorslowlyopening.

C组:

Theinfinitiveadjunctisusedaftersomeverbswhich,in[VP3A],areusedwithprepositions.

Don’ttrouble/botheraboutthat.

Don’ttrouble/bothertomeetme.

Subject+vi.

to-infinitive

1.Shehesitated

2.Shewaslonging

3.Heagreed

totellanyone.

toseeherfamilyagain.

tocomeatonce.

D组:

Theverbsseemandappearareusedinthispattern.Iftheinfinitiveisbewithanadjectiveornounascomplement,tobemaybeomitted（unlesstheadjectiveisonethatisusedonlypredicatively,asin[VP4E]）.

Subject+SEEM/APPEAR

（tobe）+adjective/noun

1.Heseemed

2.Thisseems

3.Iseem

（tobe）surprisedatthenews.

（tobe）aseriousmatter.

（tobe）unabletoenjoymyself.

Thereisavariationofthispatternwithintroductoryit,whenthesubjectisaninfinitiveorgerund,oraclause.

It+SEEM/APPEAR

adjective/noun

subject

1.Itseemed

2.Itseems

3.Itdoesn’tseem

4.Itappears

reasonable

apity

muchuse

unlikely

totryagain.

towasteallthatfood.

goingon.

thatwe’llarriveontime.

E组:

Iftheadjectiveafterseem/appearisusedonlypredicatively（eg.awake,asleep,afraid）,tobeisobligatory.Happenandchancearealsousedinthispattern.

Subject+SEEM/APPEAR/HAPPEN/CHANCE

to-infinitive

1.Thebabyseems

2.Myenquiriesseem

3.Shehappened

4.Wechanced

5.Thereseems

tobeasleep/tobesleeping.

tohavebeenresented.

tobeoutwhenIcalled.

tomeetinthepark.

tohavebeensomemistake.

F组:

Thefinitesofbeareusedwithato-infinitivetoconveyavarietyofmeanings,见be4（3）

Subject+BE

to-infinitive

1.We’re

2.AtwhattimeamI

3.HowamI

tobemarriedinMay.

tocome

topaymydebts

[VP5]

Inthispatterntheauxiliaryverbsoranomalousfiniteswill/would,shall/should,can/could,must,dare,needarefollowedbyabareinfinitive（ie.withoutto）.Thephraseshadbetter,had/wouldratherandwouldsoonerfitintothispattern.

Subject+anomal