英语1必修unit2练习及参考答案.docx

英语1必修unit2练习及参考答案.docx

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英语1必修unit2练习及参考答案

Comprehending

1Readthepassagecarfullyanddecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalseandexplainwhy.

TrueFalse

1Englishhadthemostspeakersinthe17thcentury.□√

2EnglishdevelopedwhennewsettlersandrulerscametoBritain.√□

3Languagesfrequentlychange.□√

4Thelanguageofthegovernmentisalwaysthelanguageofthecountry.□√

5EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.√□

6ThisreadingdescribesthedevelopmentoftheEnglishlanguage.√□

2MakeatimelineofthedevelopmentofEnglish,usingthepassagetohelpyou.

●Duringthe5thcenturyAD:

EnglishwasbasedmoreonGerman.

●BetweenaboutAD800and1150:

●...

●Duringthe5thcenturyAD:

EnglishwasbasedmoreonGerman.

●BetweenaboutAD800and1150:

EnglishwasinfluenecdbyDanishandFrenchinvaders.

●Bythe1600s:

Shakespeareusedawiderwovcabularythaneverbefore.

●1620:

BritishsettlersmovedtoAmericainthe“Mayflower”.

●Fromthe18thcentury:

BritishcolonizedAustralia.

●1765-1947:

EnglishspokeninIndia.

●By19thcentury:

dictionariesstandardizedthespellingofEnglish.

3Inpairsdiscussthesequestions.

1WhydoyouthinkpeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnEnglish?

Answersmayvary.Theymayincludeanyofthesereasons:

tousecomputersandtheInternet,totrade,tolearninWesternuniversities,toreadacademicjournalsetc.

2WhydoyouthinkmorepeopleintheworldnowwanttolearnChinese?

Answersmayvary.Theymayincludeanyofthesereasons:

asaresultofChina’sgrowingeconomicpower,asaresultofChina’sgrowinginfluenceintheUN,totradewythChina,tomovesomebranchesofWesterncompaniesintoChina.

Learningaboutlanguage

Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressions

1Matchthenewwordsandexpressionswiththeirmeanings.

1petrolAwhoorwhatsomebodyorsomethingis

2voyageBawordforgasinBritishEnglish

3graduallyCnotsuddenly

4frequentlyDinfact

5identityEthesecondoftwothingsorpeoplealreadymentioned

6thelatterFoften

7actuallyGlongtripbyseaorinspace

7fluentHabletospeakorwritealanguagewell

1——B，2——G，3——C，4——F，5——A，6——E，7——D，8——H

2CompletethispassagewiththewordsfromtheWarmingupandReading.

ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersontospeakEnglishasfluentlyasanativeEnglishspeaker.OnereasonisthatEnglishhasalargevocabulary.ItalsohasdifferentusageindifferentEnglishspeakingcountries.Ifyouuse“flat”insteadof“apartment”,peopleinAmericawillknowyouhavelearnedBritishEnglish.Ifyousuetheword“elevator”insteadof“lift”inBritain,peoplewillknowyouhavestudiedAmericanEnglish.

3Addthesephrasestotherhymesothatitmakessense.

suchasmakeuseofbecauseofcomeupatpresent

Willyoucomeuptomyflat?

”askedthespidertothefly.

“Atpresentit’ssopleasanttolookdownfromsohigh.

Becauseoftheclearskyit’spossibletosee

Buildingssuchastheatresandhotelsbythesea.

Sowon’tyoupleasemakeuseofthischancetolook?

”

Theflyagreedimmediatelywithoutasecondthought.

Butassoonasshewentupwithastepsolightthatday,

Thespidercaughtandateherandshewasneverseenagain!

Thenreadtherhymealoudandmarkthesensegroups.

4SometimesBritishandAmericanpeopleusedifferentprepositionsforthesameidea.Chooseapairofprepositions.Thencomparethem.

at/onpast/afterin/onfrom/than

1Therearesomanypeoplein/onthestreet.

2Theyaregoingtohaveapartyat/ontheweekend.

3Wewillleavefortheairportataquarterpast/afterfive.

4Hisbrotherisfrom/thanthemostfamousfootballteaminEngland.

5Asweknow,BritishEnglishisalittledifferentfrom/thanAmericanEnglish.

6Aretheremanychildrenplayingin/ontheplayground?

DoyouknowwhichusageisBritishEnglishandwhichisAmerican?

Discussinpairsandtheninclass.

Discoveringusefulstructures

1CanyoufindthefollowingcommandandrequestfromReading?

Let’sseehowtoretelltheminindirectspeech.

Examples:

“Lookatthisexample,”theteachersaidtous.

Theteachertoldustolookatthatexample.

“Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

”sheasked.

Shaskedmetoseeherflat.

2InEnglishyouuseacommandorarequestwhenyouwantsomeonetodosomething.Pleaselookatthethreesentencesandtellthedifference.

CommandRequest

NotpoliteVerypolite

Openthewindow.Pleaseopenthewindow.Wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow?

LookattheseexpressionsandclassifythemintoCommandsandRequests.

Correctyourspellingmistakes.Please…CanIsithereandwaitforthedoctor?

Howdoyouspellthatplease?

Goand…!

Wouldyouplease…?

Dothatnow!

CanIplease…?

Holdthatelevator!

Saythatagain!

Wouldyoupleasespeakmoreslowly?

Couldyourepeatthesentence?

Goandbuysomemorepetrol!

Takethedogforawalk!

CommandRequest

Correctyourspellingmistakes.CanIsithereandwaitforthedoctor?

Goand…!

Dothatnow!

Please…Wouldyouplease…?

Holdthatelevator!

Howdoyouspellthatplease?

Saythatagain!

CanIplease…?

Goandbuysomemorepetrol!

Wouldyoupleasespeakmoreslowly?

Takethedogforawalk!

Couldyourepeatthesentence?

3Readthesesentencesanddecidewhichisacommandandwhichisarequest.Thenretelltheminindirectspeech.

1Thechildrensaidtotheirteacher:

“Wouldyoupleasesingasongforus?

”（request,directspeech）

2Themothersaidtoherchild:

“Turnofftheradio!

”（command,directspeech）

3Thedentistsaidtoapatient:

“Openyourmouthplease,soIcanseethebadtoothclearly.”（request,directspeech）

4Thesecretarysaidtothewomanonthephone:

“Couldyouholdonforaminute?

”（request,directspeech）

5Johnsaidtohisclassmate:

“CanIborrowyourpenplease?

”（request,directspeech）

6Theteachersaidtohisstudent:

“Comeuptomyoffice!

”（command,directspeech）

UsingLanguage

Reading

1Readthepassageandunderlinethetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?

IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?

Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthe“standardlanguage”,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.

Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother’sdialects.

标准英语和方言

什么是标准英语？

是在英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、印度、新西兰所说的英语吗？

信不信由你，（世界上）没有什么标准英语。

许多人认为，电视和收音机里所说的就是标准英语，这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所说的英语是最好的英语。

然而，在电视和收音机里，你也会听出人们在说话时的差异。

当人们用不同于“标准语言”的词语时，那就叫做方言。

美国英语有许多方言，特别是中西部和南部地区的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。

在美国有些地区，即使是相邻城镇的两个人所说的语言都可能稍有不同。

美国英语之所有这么多的方言是因为美国人来自世界各地的缘故。

地理位置对方言的产生也有影响。

住在美国东部山区的一些人说着比较古老的英语方言。

当美国人从一个地方搬到另一个地方时，他们也就把他们的方言随着带去了。

因此，美国东南部山区的人同美国西北部的人所说的方言就几乎相同。

美国是一个使用多种方言的大国。

虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但是人们仍然能够辨别、理解彼此的方言。

2TheChineselanguagealsohasmanydialects.Workinpairsandmakealistoftheonesyouandyourpartnerhaveheard.

3Readthesedialogues.Markthesentencestressandintonation.Thenpracticereadingtheminpairs.FindtheBritishandAmericanwordswhicharedifferentbuthavethesamemeaning.

1LITTLEGIRL:

Hi,I’dlikesomesweets,please.

STOREOWNER:

Noproblem.Allthecandywesellissweet.

LITTLEGIRL:

Isee,soyousellsweetsweets.

2BRITISHBOY:

Shallwemovethenewbedbylorry?

AMERICANGIRL:

Notbyme,Ihope.

BRITISHBOY:

Oh,I’msorry.Lori,Imeantbytruck.

3BRITISHBOY:

Whatalovelyautumnday!

AMERICANLADY:

Yes,it’sanicefallday,isn’tit?

Listening

1Beforeyoulisten,lookatthepicturebelowandreadtheexercises.Indoingso,youcangetsomeideaaboutthelisteningandpredictthecontent.Discussyourideaswithyourpartner.

2ImaginethatyouareinHouston,Texas,acityintheAmericanSouth.Thisisanexampleofthelocaldialect.Listenandreadthroughthetextandtakenoteoftheaccentandintonation.

3Listenagainandputthesesentencesintherightsequence.

4Lesterclimbedatree.

1Buford,BillyBobandLesterwentswimming.

3Lesterthoughtthecatfishwouldeathim.

5BufordandBillyBoblaughed.

2Lestersawacatfish.

6NowLesteristooafraidtovisittheplace.

4Answerthefollowingquestionsafterlistening.

1WhatdoesBufordthinkofTexas?

Howdoyouknow?

Hebelievesit’salmostadifferentcountryfromtheUSA.Thelisteningtexttellsus.

2Howlargewasthecatfish?

Theboysthoughtthatthecatfishwasalmostthesizeofahouse.

3WhydidLestergetoutofthewatersoquickly?

Hethoughtthecatfishwouldeathim.

4WhydidBufordandBigBillyBoblaugh?

TheylaughedbecauseLesterbelievedthecatfishwouldhurthim.

ReadingandSpeaking

1AmyandherAmericanfriendsarevisitingLondon.TheyplantovisitAmy’sauntandd