Unit 3 Work and Workforce.docx

Unit 3 Work and Workforce.docx

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Unit3WorkandWorkforce

Unit3WorkandWorkforce

PartI

Tapescripts

A

1.Psychologist

Maybethebiggestchallengeformeislisteningtopeopletalkallabouttheirproblems.Attheendoftheday,I'musuallyprettywornout.Attimes,itcanbedepressingaswell.Ontheotherhand,Idoseepatientsmakingrealprogress.It'sgreattoseesomeonereallyturntheirlifearoundandgetontopofaproblemthattheythoughttheynevercoulddealwithdealwith.

2.Campcounselor

Asacampcounselor,it'sdifficulttofindawaytogetthroughtokidswithproblemsandwintheirtrust.Sometimeskidsareverysuspiciousandfindithardtotrustanadult-evenayoungadult.Sogettingthemtoopenupisthehardestpart.Onceyou'vedonethat,theyalmostbecomedifferentpeople.OneofthethingsIfindmostrewardingisseeingkidsdevelopconfidenceandasenseofself-worth.It'sespeciallygreattoseethathappeninakidwhostartedoutthesummerwithlowself-esteem.

3.Firefighter

Itsoundsprettyobvious,butinmyjob,thebiggestchallengeisgoingintoaburningbuildingthat'sfullofsmokewhenyoucanbarelyseeafewinchesinfrontofyou.It'sreallydifficult-especiallywhenyouknowtherearepeopleinthere,andit'syourjobtogetthemout.Onceyoudogetsomeoneoutsafely,thenyoufeelreallygreatandyouforgetabouthowdangeroustheworkis.

Tapescripts

1.Justin

WhatdoIhopeI'llhaveachievedbythetimeI'm30?

Well,IhopeI'llhavemadeasuccessfulcareerinthemusicindustry.Rightnow,IplayinabandandI'dlovetobeabletodothatprofessionally.Iplantoformagroupofmyowninafewyears.Oncewegetknown,we'llrecordanalbum-andmakemusicvideos,ofcourse-andtrytobreakintothemusicsceneinabigway.

2.Sophia

Iplantobeadoctor.WhenI'vegraduatedfrommedschoolandfinishedwithmyinterning,Iwanttoworkoverseasforafewyears.I'llprobablyworkinadevelopingcountrywithanorganizationlikeLNICEF.Afterthat,I'llcomebackhomeandworkinahospital.Idon'treallycareifImakealotofmoneyornot,butIdowanttoworksomewherewhereIfeelIcanmakeadifference.

3.Rachel

I'mplanningtobeamodel.I'vealreadyhadsomemodelingexperience,andafterIgraduate,I'mgoingtoseeifIcangetajobwithanagencyinNewYorkorLosAngeles.I'llprobablyworkasamodelfortenyearsorso,andthenIhopetostartamodelingagencyofmyown.

C

Tapescripts

JobInterview

R-ReceptionistS-SteveB-Boush

R:

Goodmorning.HowcanIhelpyou!

S:

IhaveanappointmentwiththepersonneldirectorMr.Boush.

R:

WillyoutakeaseatandI'llseeifheisfreeyet.

S:

Thankyou.（Later）

R:

Mr.Li,Mr.Boushwillseeyounow.Hisofficeisdownthehalltoyourleft.

S:

Thankyou.（Steveintroduceshimself）

S:

Mr.Boush,I'mSteveLi.

B:

Well,hello,Mr.Li（Extendshishand-theyshakehands.）It'searlyandyou'vecomealongwayjustforaninterview.

S:

Yes,sir.WereadyouradinthepaperandmyauntsaidthatthisisaveryreputablefirmandsinceIwanttobealawyersomedaywethoughtthisjobwouldgivemeagoodstart.

B:

Isee.Ofcourseyourealizeitwillbedullforawhile.Youwouldn'tgettopracticelawrightoff.

S:

Oh,Irealizethat,sir.

B:

Itwouldbemostlyfiling,trackingthingsdownandlookingthingsup.Allsortsofoddjobs-deliveringthingstothecourthouse,andbringingthingsthatthelawyersforgot.Evenrunningdowntogetthemasandwichnowandthen.

S:

Iwouldn'tmindthat,sir.AtleastIcouldgetthefeelofalawoffice.

B:

Whatkindofalawyerdoyouwanttobe,Steve?

S:

Acorporationlawyer,sir.I'mgoodatfigures.

B:

Oh!

That'sinteresting.Wecanalwaysuseagoodheadformatharoundhere.Whatgradeareyouin?

S:

I'llbeaseniornextyear.

B:

Andwhatlawschooldoyouplantogoto?

S:

Harvard,sir.

B:

Well,that'ssettingyourmarkhighenough.Yourealizethisjobdoesn'tpayverymuch,don'tyou?

S:

Yes,sir,butIcangetbyandlikemyauntsaidIcanwaitanotheryearbeforetbuyacar.Experienceandeducationaremoreimportant,now.

B:

Well,Steve,ifyouaresmartenoughtofigurethatoutyouaresmartenoughforthisjob.Whencanyoucometowork?

S:

Rightnow,sir!

Youmeanit7

B:

Yes,you'vegotyourselfajobbuttakeacoupleofdaystogetlocatedandfindyourwayaround,thencomeinWednesdaymorningateightsharp.

S:

Yes,sir!

Andthankyou,sir!

I'llbehere!

（Lateronthephone）

S:

HelloMom,isthatyou?

Imadeit!

PartIIAmericansatwork

Tapescript

ThetopicofworkintheUnitedStatesisaninterestingonebecausethestatisticsdonotalwaysagreewithpopulargeneralimpressionsaboutAmericanworksandtheAmericaneconomy.Iwilltrytoreconciletheseimpressionswithwhatweknowfromsomerecentstatistics.Togetyouwarmedup,letmegiveyouafewquestionstothinkaboutbeforeIstartthefirstpointofourlecturetoday:

DoyouthinkmostAmericansworkinfactoriesthatproducegoodsfordomesticuseandexportation?

DoyouthinkmostAmericanwomenarehousewives,ordomostofthemworkoutsidethehome?

DoyouthinkpeopleintheUnitedStatesworkIftimepermits,I'lldealwitheachofthesepointsintoday'slecture.

So.then,wheredomostpeopleintheUnitedStateswork?

Ifyouthoughtinthemanufacturingsector,inotherwordsinfactories,youwerewrong.ItistruethattheUnitedStatesis,andisseenas,astrongindustrialpower,butthestatisticsrevealthatanotherbranchoftheeconomyisevenstrongerthanmanufacturing.InsteadofdealingwiththelargefiguresrequiredwhendiscussingatotalUSworkforceof125millionpeople,let'stakealookat100hypotheticalworkersandseewherethey'reemployed.Ofthose100workers,16workinmanufacturing,thatis,inproducinggoods.Another4workinconstruction,and3workinagriculture,forestry,andfishing.AndIoutof100workersisemployedinmining.Youmightfindthefiguresformanufacturingandagriculturesurprisinglylow,andinasensetheyare.TheUnitedStatesisinfactaleadingproducerofmanufacturedgoodsandagriculturalproductsintheworld;however,asurprisinglysmallnumberofworkers,16outof100formanufacturing,andonly2perhundredforagriculturealone,isresponsibleforthisoutput.Theabovefiguresaccountfor24ofthe100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Wheredotheother76work?

Well,afull76areemployedinwhatarecalledtheserviceindustries.Bytheway,thetermindustryoftenappliespurelytoproduction,ormanufacturing.Today,however,Iwilluseindustryinitsmoregeneralsense,anygeneralbusinessactivity.Serviceindustries,then,includeawidevarietyofbusinessesthatprovideservicesratherthanproducegoods.Youknowthedifferencebetweengoodsandservices,don'tyou?

Let'stakealookatthedifferentsectorsoftheserviceindustriesnow.Of76workersintheserviceindustries,25areemployedincommunity,social,andpersonalservices.Community,social,andpersonalservicesincludedoctors'offices,privatehospitals,hotels,computerprogramminganddataprocessingcompanies,restaurants,repairshops,engineeringcompanies,andprivateresearchfacilities.Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,wholesaleandretailtrade,employs23ofthe76people.Wholesaletradeinvolvespurchasesdirectlyfromtheproducer,whileretailtradeismorefamiliartous:

purchasesfromdepartmentstores,supermarkets,automobiledealerships,andsoon.

Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,thegovernment,employs17ofthose100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Thebest-knowngovernmentworkersareteachers,police,andpostalworkers,butthissectoralsoincludesgovernmentofficialsandadministrators,ofcourse.Thenextsectorisfinance,insurance,andrealestate,inotherwords,banksandthestockmarket,some55,000insurancecompanies,andcompaniesinvolvedinthebuyingandsellingofproperty.Sixofevery100workersareemployedinfinance,insurance,andrealestate.Thelastservicesectoristransportation,communication,andutilities.Whatdoesthephrase“transportation,communication,andutilities"makeyouthinkof?

Ifyouthoughtofairlines,roads,andrailroadsfortransportation,youarecorrect.Communication,ofcourse,includesnewspapers,magazines,andbooksaswellasTVandradiobroadcasting.Andutilities,asyouprobablyknow,arecompaniesthatprovideuswithgas,water,andelectricity.IntheUnitedStates,thesejobsarenotpartofthegovernmentservicesastheyareinmanycountries;transportation,communication,andutilitiesareprovidedbyprivatecompaniesandaccountfor5ofthe100workerswebeganwith.Beforeweleaveourfirsttopic,let'schecktomakesureyouhaveallthefiguresforthe76workersintheserviceindustries;25incommunity,social,andpersonalservices;23inwholesaleandretailtrade;17ingovernment;6infinance,insurance,andrealestate;andlast,5intransportation,communication,andutilities.

BeforeIdiscusstheworkethic,I'dliketomakeaslightdigressionandgetbacktothequestionofworkingwomen.WouldyoubesurprisedifIsaidthatmostofthefemalepopulationaged16andoverwork?

Asamatteroffact,theactualfigureis58percent.Thefigureformotherswithchildrenunder18yearsofageisevenhigher367percent.ThattwothirdsofmothersareemployedcertainlyhasaneconomicimpactonthecountryandnodoubtinfluencestosomeextentthecharacteroftheAmericanfamily.Butwe'lllookatthatinalaterlecture.

Nowthatwe'vetakencareofthatdigression,let'stalkaboutourlasttopic:

theworkethic.Iaskedyouearlierifyoufeltpeoplein