英语专四真题及参考答案.docx

英语专四真题及参考答案.docx

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英语专四真题及参考答案

2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案

PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE

Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sidedpyramid.

A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen

B.wasbelievedtobe

C.isbelievedtohavebeen

D.isbelievedtobe

12.U.S.News____________rankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresourceforstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.

A.maintains

B.ismaintaining

C.maintained

D.hasbeenmaintaining

13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.

A.actually

B.accidentally

C.otherwise

D.seldom

14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.

A.bluehazyVirginia

B.hazyblueVirginia

C.Virginiahazyblue

D.Virginiabluehazy

15.Ilongtoalleviate__________,butIcannot.

A.theevil

B.evil

C.evils

D.anevil

16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming______________.

A.war

B.arewar

C.ofwar

D.areofwar

17.At____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.

A.itsmostbasic

B.itsbasic

C.themostbasic

D.thebasic

18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.

A.toexpressanintendedpurpose

B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility

C.torevealanundesirableconsequence

D.todramatizeastatedfact

19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?

A.Iwonderwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.

B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.

C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.

D.IsupposeI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.

20.Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.

A.ahypothesis

B.asuggestion

C.acontradiction

D.asurprise

21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.

A.justice

B.testimony

C.trial

D.verdict

22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.

A.Questionably

B.Arguably

C.Contentiously

D.Debatably

23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.

A.cut

B.buoy

C.offer

D.offset

24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyonetoproceedwithadivorce.”

A.recommendation

B.recording

C.recollection

D.recognition

25.Whatactually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.

A.consists

B.constitutes

C.composes

D.constructs

26.Theschoolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.

A.final

B.further

C.supplementary

D.extra

27.Theteachers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”schoolconditions.

A.fired

B.filed

C.fined

D.filled

28.LastMarchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwaterarchaeologicalteam.

A.debris

B.ruins

C.remains

D.wreck

29.She’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.

A.countless

B.countable

C.numerical

D.numeral

30.Aleading___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.

A.oceangoing

B.oceanic

C.marine

D.maritime

PARTIVCLOZE

Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEONLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.

A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness

F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey

K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread

 AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughheexpectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomaticallysentoneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—theruleforreciprocation.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvitesustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.

Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthatgoeswithitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itissowidespreadthatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribetotherule.

PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS

Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.

PASSAGEONE

（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.Theywantedtoescapethecontrolsplacedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.ThehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.

（2）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:

self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.

（3）AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.

（4）Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:

competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.

（5）AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Manypeopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.

（6）Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:

hardwork.HardworkhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’sabilities.BarryGoldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoorbecausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.

（7）ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.

41.Para.4seemstosuggestthat__________.

A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition

B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork

C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety

D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities

42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?

A