北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511.docx

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511.docx

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北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试511

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试

2013.5.11

PartⅠReadingComprehension（30%）

　　Directions:

Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedsomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheet。

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Isthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?

Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine（amedicaljournal）findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin（胰岛素）byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes（amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood）,fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.

Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’s“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.（76）ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehourspernight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.

SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?

MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights——butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.（77）Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,”hesays.

Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids（血脂）.”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstarttobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstarttoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.

1.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.

A.heartdiseaseB.weightgainC.diabetesD.liverdisease

2.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____

A.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaper

B.howtoavoidsleeploss

C.howtheresearchwasconducted

D.howtoconductamedicalexperiment

3.Whatdoesthe“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?

A.Leap.B.Lead.C.Lean.D.Leak.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.

B.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelindbetweensleepandweight.

C.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.

D.Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.

5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?

A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDisease

B.SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudy

C.AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleep

D.BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriend

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic（北极）ishome.

（78）Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt（融化）.Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld's20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.

Polarbearscan'tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.（79）Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.

Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks（大片浮冰）,andtheycan'talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcubstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.

StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"hesays.

6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ClimateChangeintheArcticB.HowtoProtecttheEnvironment

C.TheArcticIsHometoPolarBearsD.PolarBearsinDanger

7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?

A.OnlandB.Inopenwater.

C.Inopeningsintheseaice.D.Atthebottomofthesea.

8.Theword"cubs"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____

A.adultsB.babiesC.huntersD.enemies

9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybe

killedeitherforfoodorsafety.

B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.

C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarming

continues.

D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,

becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.

10.What'sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?

A.Savingenergy.

B.Conductingscientificresearch.

C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.

D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.

Passage3

　　Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate（有读写能力的）withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?

Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis（耳濡目染）inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild'smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:

qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue（美德）.

Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed（使融入）itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmovies.（80）It’salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.

Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenastudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,"thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!

"wedrawoutfromthemtherequiredvirtue:

"Whenyou'rewalkingthroughthelibrary,whatvirtuesdoyouneedtouse?

"

11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Teachingmoralsandvalueshasbeenafrequentlydiscussedtopicinthepastfewyears.

B.Theauthorandhisstaffembedvirtuesintolessonsandschoollifetoencouragecharacterdevelopmentinchildren.

C.Kidsthroughoutthepopulationfacethesameneeds,thesamechallenges,andthesamerealitiesintheirlives.

D.RoleplaysareanexcellentwayofgettingstudentstopracticetheirEnglish.

12.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat_.

A.theretendstobedisagreementaboutwhatcharactereducationis

B.mostparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeteachingmethodsadoptedinschools

C.theapproachtocharactereducationisgenerallyconsidereddifferentfromtheapproachestootherskills

D.moreandmoreschoolsareadoptingstrategiestoimproveschoolattendance

13.Theword"philosophy"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_

A.studyB.subjectC.viewpointD.investigation

14.Theauthorisa_____