全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读.docx
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全国高等教育自学考试英语阅读
全国2012年7月高等教育自学考试英语阅读
（一）试题
课程代码：
00595
全部题目用英文作答（翻译题除外），请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上
I.CarefulReading.（40points,2pointsforeach）
Directions:
Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.Decideonthebestanswersandthen
writethecorrespondinglettersonyourAnswerSheet.
PassageOne
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
TheNilemadeEgypt’scivilizationpossible.Theriverismorethan400mileslong.Initsfertilevalleycropsaregrownforfoodandcottonforclothing.Mudfromtheriverbottommakesgoodbricksforhouses.Thuswaysofgettingfood,clothingandshelterwereclosefortheEgyptians.
TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleofEgypt.Flatbottomedboatsandlargenarrowbargescarryproductsfromonecitytoanother.TherearealsopassengerboatsontheNile,carryingpeopleupanddowntheriver.Inancienttimeshugeblocksofstoneswerefloateddowntheriveronbarges.Thesestonesareusedinmakingbuildingsandmonuments.
ForthousandsofyearstheEgyptianshavedependedontheNilefortheircrops.ThelandonbothsidesoftheNileisdesert,wherecropscannotberaised.ButcropsgrowwellintheNileValley.Infact,severaldifferentcropsareoftengrownonthesamelandduringthesameyear.
OncetheNilefloodedeachyear,overfloweditsbanks,andcarriedrichsoilinlandeverysummer.Thesefloodswerecausedbyearlysummerrains.
AtpresentthereisaseriesofdamsintheNile.Waterraiseshighintherivereachsummerasusual.ThepeopledonotlettheNileflood,however.Theystorethewaterbehinddams.Itisnowpossibletousethewaterasneeded,notjustatfloodtime.
1.Inthepast______.
A.therewasrainalltheyearlong
B.theNilefloodedeveryyear
C.theNilebecamedeeperanddeeperaftereachrainfall
D.theNilewasnotalongriver
2.Egyptianshavegrowncropswell______.
A.onbothsidesoftheNileB.onthelandnearthedesertarea
C.intheNilevalleyD.farawayfromthedesertarea
3.InthevalleyoftheNile______.
A.bricksforhousesaremade
B.differentcropsareraisedonthesameland
C.onlycottoncangrowwell
D.peoplegrowallcropsexceptcotton
4.“TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleofEgypt”means______.
A.carsandtruckscanmoveasfastaspossiblealongit
B.theriverbottomcanserveasaroadindryseason
C.theriverisanimportantwatertransportationlineinEgypt
D.ontherivertherearealotofboatsandpeople
5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?
A.TheNileisthesourceofflood.
B.TheNileisahighwayforthepeopleinEgypt.
C.Theflatbottomedboatshavebeenused.
D.TheNilemadeEgypt’scivilizationpossible.
PassageTwo
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Sleepplaysamajorroleinpreparingthebodyforanalertandproductivetomorrow.Butsleepisnotaperiodofinactivity.Thesleepingbrainishighlyactiveatvarioustimesduringthenight,performingnumerous“housekeepingtasks”.Thesekeepusaliveandaidourabilitytothinkandremember.Sleepalsoenergizesthebodyandbrain.Mostpeoplespendone-thirdoftheirlivessleepingandthiswillaffecttheothertwo-thirdsintermsofalertness,energy,moods,bodyweight,perception,memory,thinking,reactiontime,productivityandperformance.
Tolimitsleepmeansourhealthanddaytimepotentialaresignificantlyreduced.So,goodsleepstrategiesareessentialinordertofeelenergizeddayafterday.Thereisnostrategywhichworksforeveryone,soeachpersonneedstoexperiment.Oneimportantthingisthatyoushouldn’tworrytoomuchifyougoafewnightswithoutalotofsleep.Itwon’truinyourlife.Onanygivennight,oneinfourpeoplecan’tsleepproperlyandeveryonesuffersfromalackofsleepatsometime.
Howdoesoneminimizethisproblem?
Itisreallyquitesimple.Thefirstthingyoumustdoistoreducestressasmuchaspossible.Stressispartofeverydaylifeand,whilewecanneverbeentirelywithoutstress,itcanbemanaged.Thismeanstakingcontrolofyourlifeandfocusingonwhatisimportant.Onesleepingstrategyistositinacomfortableposition,closeyoureyesandrelaxallyourmuscles,breathingeasilythroughyournose.Continuethisfortentotwentyminutes.Thisshouldhelpyoureducestressandsleepbetter.Or,youcantrygettingplentyofexercise,becauseatiredbodyislikelytosleepbetter.
6.Accordingtothepassage,sleepisimportantbecause______.
A.itisaperiodofcompleteinactivityforthebrain
B.ithelpsusunderstandwhatwehavealreadyachieved
C.itmakesusmoreeffectivewhenweareawake
D.ithelpsustoloseweight
7.Methodsofgettingenoughsleep______.
A.varybetweenmenandwomenB.arethesameforeverybody
C.varyfrompersontopersonD.arebasedonyourjob
8.Accordingtothepassage,beingunabletosleep______.
A.affectsyoungchildrenthemost
B.affectseverybodyatsometime
C.isworseforthosewhohaverelaxinglives
D.islikelytoruinpeople’slife
9.Asimplestrategytosleepbetteristo______.
A.workharderthanyoucouldB.putyourstressundercontrol
C.breathethroughyournoseD.sleeponachairinsteadofbed
10.Afteralotofphysicalexercise,______.
A.youshouldfindstressincreasesdramatically
B.youwillbecomeoutofbreath
C.youshouldbeabletoenjoybettersleep
D.youwillnotneedtosleepforsometime
PassageThree
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Everybodygetssick.Diseaseandinjurymakeussufferthroughoutourlives,untilfinallysomeattackonthebodybringsourexistencetoanend.Fortunately,mostofusinmodernindustrializedsocietiescantakerelativelygoodhealthforgrantedmostofthetime.Infact,wetendtofullyrealizetheimportanceofgoodhealthonlywhenweorthoseclosetousbecomeseriouslyill.Atsuchtimeswekeenlyappreciatetheancienttruththathealthisourmostpreciousasset,oneforwhichwemightreadilygiveupsuchrewardsaspower,wealth,orfame.
Becauseillhealthisauniversalproblem,affectingtheindividualandsociety,thehumanresponsetosicknessisalwayssociallyorganized.Nosocietyleavestheresponsibilityformaintaininghealthandtreatingillhealthentirelytotheindividual.Eachsocietydevelopsitsownconceptsofhealthandsicknessandauthorizescertainpeopletodecidewhoissickandhowthesickshouldbetreated.Aroundthisfocustherearises,overtime,anumberofstandards,values,groups,statuses,androles:
inotherwords,aninstitution.Tothesociologist,then,medicineistheinstitutionconcernedwiththemaintenanceofhealthandtreatmentofdisease.
Inthesimplestpre-industrialsocieties,medicineisusuallyanaspectofreligion.Thesocialarrangementsfordealingwithsicknessareveryelementary,ofteninvolvingonlytworoles:
thesickandthehealer（治疗者）.Thelatteristypicallyalsothepriest,whoreliesprimarilyonreligiousceremonies,bothtoidentifyandtotreatdisease:
forexample,bonesmaybethrowntoestablishacause;songsmaybeusedtobringaboutacure.Inmodernindustrializedsocieties,ontheotherhand,theinstitutionhasbecomehighlycomplicatedandspecialized,includingdozensofrolessuchasthoseofbrainsurgeon,druggist,hospitaladministrator,linkedwithvariousorganizationssuchasnursinghomes,insurancecompanies,andmedicalschools.Medicine,infact,hasbecomethesubjectofintensesociologicalinterestpreciselybecauseitisnowoneofthemostpervasiveandcostlyinstitutionsofmodernsociety.
11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtoParagraph1?
A.Nowadaysmostpeoplebelievetheycanhavefairlygoodhealth.
B.Humanlifeinvolvesagreatdealofpainandsuffering.
C.Mostofusareawareofthefullvalueofhealth.
D.Ancientpeoplebelievedthathealthwasmoreexpensivethananythingelse.
12.Theword“authorize”inParagraph2means“______”.
A.makewayforB.givepowerto
C.writeanorderforD.makeitpossiblefor
13.InParagraph2,welearnthatthesociologistregardsmedicineas______.
A.asystemwhosepurposeistotreatdiseaseandkeeppeoplehealthy
B.auniversalproblemthataffectseverysociety
C.asocialresponsibilitytotreatillhealth
D.asciencethatfocusesonthetreatmentofdisease
14.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Inthepast,bonesmightbeusedtodecidewhypeoplefellill.
B.Inpre-industrialsocietiespriestssometimestreatedpatientsbysinging.
C.Modernmedicineissocomplicatedthatsociologynolongerhasaplaceinit.
D.Therewereonlytworolesinanelementarymedicalsystem,thepatientandtheonewhotriedtocurehim.
15.Theauthorofthispassageismainlyconcernedwith______.
A.sociologicalaspectsinmedicine
B.medicaltreatmentofdiseases
C.thedevelopmentofmedicalscience
D.theroleofreligioninmedicine
PassageFour
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
EnglishpeoplearelessgeneticallydiversetodaythantheywereinthedaysoftheVikings,possiblyduetotwodeadlydiseasesthatswepttheircountrycenturiesago,anewstudysays.
ThestudycomparedDNAfromancientandmodemEnglandersandfoundthatthecountryhasasmallergenepoolthanitdidathousandyearsago.
ThefindingscomeincontrasttomodemEngland’sreputationasaculturalmeltingpot,whereinmanymajorcitiesyouareaslikelytohearUrdufromIndiaorYorubafromNigeriabeingspokenonthestreetsasEnglish.
RusHoelzel,ageneticistfromtheBritain’sUniversityofDurham,andhiscolleaguesobtainedDNAsamplesfromtheskeletalremainsof48ancientBritonswholivedbetweenA.D.300and1000.Theresearchers
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