考研英语阅读理解思路透析和真题揭秘20docx.docx
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考研英语阅读理解思路透析和真题揭秘20docx
考研英语阅读理解思路透析和真题揭秘
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XX年Text3
Whenitcomestotheslowingeconomy,EllenSperoisn，
tbitinghernailsjustyet.Butthe47-year-
oldmanicuristisn，
tcutting,filingorpolishingasmanynailsasshedliketo.Mostofherclientsspend$121o$50weekly,butlastmonthtwolongtimecustomerssuddenlystoppedshowingup.Speroblamesthesofteningeconomy.I'
magoodeco
nomicindica
ervicethatp
eoplecandow
rnedaboutsa
vingsomedol
ing,shoppin
gatamiddle-
tstorenearh
ersuburbanC
NeimanMarcu
s.Idon，tkn
gtoabandonme,too.shesays.
tor,shesays・Iprovideas
ithoutwhent
hey，reconee
lars.SoSper
oisdownscal
browDillard
'sdepartmen
levelandhom
e,insteadof
）wifothercli
entsaregoin
issionthatA
EvenbeforeAlanGreenspan'sadm
otsofworkin
mericasred一hoteconomyiscooling,1
gfolkshadal
Ives・Fromca
ebeenlaggin
readyseensi
rdealership
gformonthsagnsoftheslostoGapoutlesshopperste
wdownthemse
ts,saleshav
mpertheirsp
ending・Forr
etailers,wh
olastyearto
okin24perce
ntoftheirre
venuebetwee
nThanksgivi
ngandChrist
mas,thecaut
iousapproac
hiscomingat
acrucialtim
e.Already,e
xpertssay,h
olidaysales
areoff7perc
entfromlast
year'space・
Butdon，tsou
ndanyalarms
justyet.Con
sumersseemo
nlymildlyco
ncerned,not
panicked,an
dmanysaythe
yremainopti
misticabout
theeconomy'
slong-termp
rospects,ev
enastheydos
omemodestbelt-tightening.
Consum
erssaythey，
renotindesp
airbecause,
despitethed
readfulhead
lines,their
ownfortunes
stillfeelpr
ettygood・Ho
mepricesare
holdingstea
dyinmostreg
ions.InManh
attan,there'
sanewgoldr
ushhappenin
ginthe$4mil
lionto$10mi
11ionrange,
predominant
lyfedbyWall
Streetbonus
es,saysbrok
erBarbaraCo
rcoran.InSa
nFrancisco,
pricesarest
illrisingev
enasfrenzie
doverbiddin
gquiets.Ins
teadof20to3
Ooffers,now
maybeyouonl
ygettwoorth
ree,saysjoh
nDeadly,aBayAreareal-e
statebroker
.Andmostfol
ksstillfeel
prettycomfo
rtableabouttheirabilitytofindandkeepajob.
Manyfolksseesilverliningstothisslowdown.Poten
inersmightseeanupside,too.GettingatableatManhattan?
shotnewAlainDucasserestaurantusedtobeimpossible・
Notanymore・Forthat,GreenspanCo.maystillbeworthtoasting・
52.Howdothepublicfeelaboutthelong-termeconomicsituation?
Optimistic
Confused
Carefree・
Panicked
A
要判断公众对于当前经济形势的态度，需要从全文来把握寻找关键信息。
其中第二段最后一句为Consumersseemonlymildlyconcerned,notpanicked,andmanysaytheyremainoptimisticabouttheeconomy'siong-termprospects,evenastheydosomemodestbelt一tightening（消费者们似乎只是稍有忧虑，他们并没有开始恐慌，许多人说他们对经济的长远发展还是很乐观的，虽然他们已经勒起了裤腰带），可见人们的态度是乐观的，对应选项为AoC选项的错误在于该次过于绝对，人们并没有完全的无忧无虑，而是concerned,即对经济放缓形势表示关注。
D选项错误，因为原文明确指出人们notpanickedo至于B选项也与原文意思不符。
此外，文中表示公众的乐观情绪的还有第三段第一句中的theirownfortunesstillfeelprettygood（他们感觉自己的运气并没有什么损失）和最后一句中的mostfolksstillfeelprettycomfortable（大多数人感觉还不错）等。
公众对目前经济形势是怎么想的？
乐观困惑无忧无虑恐慌
XX年Text4
Americanstodaydon'tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.0urheroesareathletes,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewh
erewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation
Americandistasteforintellectualpursuits.
ociety."
Intellectisresentedasaformofpower
orprivilege,"writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanlife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti—
thingyoucouldlearnfromabook.
Rai
phWaldoEmer
sonandother
Transcenden
talistphilo
sophersthou
ghtschoolin
gandrigorou
sbooklearni
ngputunnatu
ralrestrain
tsonchildre
n:
/zWeareshu
tupinschool
sandcollege
recitationr
oomsforlOor
15yearsandc
omeoutatlas
twithabelly
fulofwordsa
nddonotknow
athing.〃Mar
kTwain'sHuc
kleberryFin
nexemplifie
dAmericanan
ti-intellec
tualism・Its
heroavoidsb
eingciviliz
ed一goingto
schoolandle
arningtorea
d一一sohecanp
reservehisi
nnategoodne
SS・
Intell
ect,accordi
ngtoHofstad
ter,isdiffe
rentfromnat
iveintellig
ence,aquali
tywerelucta
ectismistru
s,theorizes,criticizesandimagines・
Schoolremainsaplacewhereintell
eastintellectualpromise."
58.TheviewsofRavishandEmersononschoolingare
identical
similarcomplementaryopposite
D
本文要求比较拉维奇和爱默生对于教育的各自观点，对应文章信息分别在第二段和第五段。
从第二段中可以看出，拉维奇重在批判当前学校教育中的anti-intellectualism,因此反过来说他认为学校教育应该强调智力。
而第五段的第一句指出，"RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren，/（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制），这说明爱默生反对学校教育，即反对智力，认为那样反而会限制孩子的发展。
可见两人的观点是截然相反的，因此正确答案为D。
在学校教育的问题上，拉维奇和爱默生的观点是——相同的相似的互补的相反的
60.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?
Itissecondtointelligence・
Itevolvesfromcommonsense.
Itistobepursued.
Itunderliespower.
通读全文，可以发现作者从头到尾的口气都是赞成智力的，比如最后一段第一句就指出''Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted〃（目前学校里知识仍遭到怀疑）。
现实是intellect被人们mistrust,实际上作者认为我们应该去追求这种品质，因而正确答案为CoA选项的错误在于作者认为intellect比intelligence更重要，这在第六段对两者的描述中有所体现。
至于B、D选项在原文并没有涉及，也可排除。
作者对知识的想法是怎样的?
它没有智力重要
它由常识演变而来
它应该被人们所追求
它是力量的基础
XX年Text1
Everybodylovesafatpa
yrise・Yetpl
easureatyou
rowncanvani
shifyoulear
nthatacolle
aguehasbeen
givenabigge
rone・Indeed
ifhehasare
putationfor
slacking,yo
umightevenb
eoutraged・S
uchbehaviou
risregarded
aszzalltoohu
manz，,withth
eunderlying
assumptiont
hatotherani
malswouldno
tbecapableo
fthisfinely
developedse
nseofgrieva
nee.Butastu
dybySarahBr
osnanandFra
nsdeWaalofE
moryUnivers
ityinAtlant
a,Georgia,w
hichhasjust
beenpublish
edinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswe11.
Theres
earchersstu
diedthebeha
viouroffema
lebrowncapu
chinmonkeys
whichhavea
lithenecess
aryingredie
ntstocaptur
ethepublici
magination.
Theylookcut
e.Theyarego
od-natured,
co-operativ
ecreatures,
andtheyshar
etheirfoodr
eadily.Abov
eall,liketh
eirfinickyfemalehumanc
ounterparts
theytendto
paymuchclos
erattention
tothevalueo
fzzgoodsands
ervices/ztha
nmales（alth
oughwhythis
issoremainsamystery）・
Suchcharacteristicsmakethemperfe
ctcandidate
sforDrBrosn
an'sandDrde
Waal，sstudy
.Theresearc
hersspenttw
oyearsteach
ingtheirmon
keystoexcha.
ngetokensfo
rfood.Norma
lly,themonk
eyswerehapp
yenoughtosw
appiecesofrockforslice
sofcucumber
.However,wh
entwomonkey
swereplaced
inseparateb
utadjoining
chambers,so
thateachcou
ldobservewh
attheotherw
asgettingin
returnforit
srock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofca.puchins,grapesareluxurygoods
DrBrosnanandDrdeWaalreportthatsuchbehaviouris
tedinalmostanyothersetofcircumstances.
Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonk
eys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Int
posingacontrast・
justifyinganassumption.makingacomparison.
explainingaphenomenon・C
本题要求判断作者在行文中如何引入他的主题，对应
信息自然在文章的第一段。
该段中先介绍了人们对于工资
上涨不平等感到愤怒的〃人之常情〃，紧接着说最近研究表明这种复杂的情感也可能发生在猴子的世界中，因此是将人类与猴子进行比较，正确答案为CoA选项的错误在于文章并没有将人类和猴子进行对比，这从"alltoohumarT、"alltoomonkey"两个词组中可以反映出来，同时从下文看来文章的重点都在描述猴子的感情特征，而人类的例子仅仅用于引出话题。
注意，"comparison"的意思是"比较"，〃contrast"的意思是〃对比〃。
B选项的错误在于作者在第一段中提到的所谓"assumption"恰恰是与主题相反。
而D选项的错误在于作者的意图并不在于介绍人类义愤这种感情现象。
在开头段中，作者通过怎样的方法引入他的话题？
提岀对比
证明一个假设
进行比较
解释一种现象
XX年Text4
Americannolongerexpectpu
blicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislates
uralandnomoreregrettablethanthelossofthecaseendingofOldEnglish・
Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,〃doin
thatcouldclaimrealliveliness・Inbothoralandwr
triumphingo
ittenEnglish,talkingis
verspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.
Illustratedwithanent
ertainingar
rayofexampl
esfrombothh
ighandlowcu
Iture,thetr
endthatMr.M
cWhorterdoc
umentsisunm
istakable・B
utitislessc
lear,totake
thequestion
ofhissubtit
le,whywesho
uld,likecar
e.Asalingui
st,heacknow
ledgesthata
llvarieties
ofhumanlang
uage,includ
ingnon-stan
dardoneslik
eBlackEngli
sh,canbepow
erfullyexpr
essive-ther
eexistsnola
nguageordia
lectinthewo
ridthatcann
otconveycom
plexideasHe
isnotarguin
g,asmanydo,
thatwecarmo
longerthink
straightbec
ausewedonottalkproper・
Russianshaveadeeplov
efortheirow
nlanguagean
dcarrylarge
chunksofmem
orizedpoetr
yintheirhea
ds,whileIta,
lianpolitic
ianstendtoe
lahora.tespe
echthatwoul
dseemold-fa
shionedtomo
stEnglish-s
peakers・Mr.
McWhorterac
knowledgest
hatformalla
nguageisnot
strictlynec
essary,andp
roposesnora
dicaleducat
ionreforms-
heisreallyg
rievingover
thelossofso
methingbeau
tifulmoreth
anuseful.We
nowtakeourE
nglish/zonpa
perplatesin
steadofchin
a〃・Ashame,perhaps,butprobablyaninevitableone・
40.Accordingtothelastparagraph,〃paperplat
esistochinaas
〃丄〃•丄〃丄〃
temporaryistopermanent•
〃ii〃•丄〃丄•〃
radicalistoconservative・
/zfunctional"isto〃artistic〃・
〃humblez/istoz/noble〃・
C
本题对应信息在文章的最后一段，在/zourpaperplatesinsteadofchina"之前的一句话是对这句话的最好注脚,即"heisreallygrievingoverthelossofsomethingbeautifulmorethanusef其中usefu1和beautiful
分别是functional和artistic的同义词，答案为CoA、B、D选项的表述都没有文章依据。
根据文章最后一段，〃纸盘〃相对于〃瓷盘〃的关系就好像是
〃暂时〃对〃永远〃
〃激进〃对〃保守〃
〃功能性的〃对〃艺术性的〃
〃低贱〃对〃高贵〃考试*大编辑整理
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