现代大学英语3-Unit-2-How-Reading-Changed-My-Life-词汇精讲.doc

现代大学英语3-Unit-2-How-Reading-Changed-My-Life-词汇精讲.doc

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Unit2HowReadingChangedMyLife

abate

tograduallybecomelessseriousorextreme;tomakesthlessstrong

lThestormshowednosignsofabating.

lStepsaretobetakentoabatepollution.

abatementnoun[U]

akimbo

（with）armsakimbo:

withyourhandsonyourhipsandyourelbowsstickingout

careerism

Pursuitofprofessionaladvancementasone'schieforsoleaim

careerist:

someonewhoconsiderstheircareertobemoreimportanttothemthananythingelse

coax

togentlypersuadesomeonetodosomething

（1）coaxsomeoneinto/outof（doing）something=gentlytrytopersuadethemtodoit

lShecoaxedthehorseintocomingalittlecloser.

lIttooksometime,butwewerefinallyabletocoaxhimoutofquitting.

（2）coaxsthoutof/fromsb:

togentlypersuadesbtodosthorgiveyousth\

lThepoliceofficertriedtocoaxvitalinformationfrom/outoftheyoungvictim.

comprise

（1）toconsistofparticularparts,groupsetc

lThehousecomprisesthreebedrooms,akitchen,andalivingroom.

lThecommitteeiscomprisedofwell-knownmountaineers.（becomprisedofsth.）

（2）toformpartofalargergroupofpeopleorthings（=constitute,makeup）

lWomencomprise44%ofhospitalmedicalstaff.

lTwelvedepartmentscomprisethisuniversity.

compulsion→compel

astrongandunreasonabledesiretodosomething

lHefeltasuddencompulsiontotellherthetruth.

theactofforcingorinfluencingsomeonetodosomethingtheydonotwanttodo

lOwnersareundernocompulsiontoselltheirland.[under（no）compulsiontodosth]

compulsoryadj.thatmustbedonebecauseofalaworarule

compulsoryeducation/courses

compulsiveadj.（ofbehaviour）thatisdifficulttostoporcontrol;（ofpeople）notbeingabletocontroltheirbehavior

compulsiveeating/spending/gambling;acompulsivedrinker/gambler/liar

corollary（=consequence）

somethingthatisthedirectresultofsomethingelse

corollaryof/to

lIssocialinequalitytheinevitablecorollaryofeconomicfreedom?

couch

n.alonglowcomfortableseatthattwoorthreepeoplecansiton（sofa）

lThesofaisafertilesoilforcouchpotato.

v.toexpresssomethinginaparticularway

lTheletterwasdeliberatelycouchedinveryvagueterms.

content

lHeemptiedoutthecontentsofhispocketsontothetable.

lThecontentsofthedocumentremainsecret.

lIcan'tfinditinthecontents.

lHeseemstobecontentwithafairlyminorroleintheadministration.

lMyapologyseemedtocontenthim.

lHecontentedhimselfwithonepieceofcake.

contentedadj.happyandsatisfiedwithyourlife

discontented

hearten:

v.tomakesomeonefeelhappierandmorehopeful

lHewasbythepublic'ssupport.

lItistoseethedeterminationoftheseyoungpeople.

lIfeelbyherprogress.

antonym:

dishearten

dogged

Theirsuccesswasduetothedeterminationoftheircoach.

Althoughthemenfoughton,asenseofhopelessdespairengulfedthem.

equivalent

Thelargecartonistheequivalentofthreesmallones.

IsthereaFrenchwordthatistheexactequivalentoftheEnglishword'home'?

Thisamountofexerciseisequivalenttowalkingaboutthreemiles.

exclusive:

availableorbelongingonlytoparticularpeople,andnotshared

lThehotelhasexclusiveaccesstothebeach.

lTuneintoourexclusivecoverageofWimbledon.（exclusivereport/interview/coverage）

lThisspecialofferisexclusivetoourreaders.

exclusivity:

thequalityofbeingexclusive

frigate

asmallfastshipusedespeciallyforprotectingothershipsinwars（小型）护卫舰

destroyer:

asmallfastmilitaryshipwithguns驱逐舰

cruiser:

alargefastshipusedbythenavy巡洋舰

battleship:

thelargesttypeofshipusedinwar,withverybiggunsandheavyarmour战列舰

aircraftcarrier航空母舰

Afrigateislargerthanadestroyerandsmallerthanacruiser.

gable

theupperendofahousewallwhereitjoinswithaslopingroofandmakesashapelikeatriangle.

Agablewallorgableendmorecommonlyreferstotheentirewall,includingthegableandthewallbelowit.

guillotine

hale

haleandhearty:

（especiallyofanoldperson）strongandhealthy

hearty:

old-fashionedstrongandhealthy

Hewaslookinghaleandheartyonhis80thbirthday.

installment

（1）oneofthepartsofastorythatappearsasaseriesofparts,especiallyinamagazine,newspaperetc

lthefirstinstallmentofasciencefictiontrilogy

（2）oneofaseriesofregularpaymentsthatyoumakeuntilyouhavepaidallthemoneyyouowe

lthesecondinstallmentofaloan

lThey'relettingmepayforthewashingmachinebymonthlyinstallments.

install,installation

interiorn./adj.

lThecarhasasurprisinglyspaciousinterior.

lEuropeansbuiltrailroadsintheinteriorofAfrica.

lDepartmentoftheInterior

lTheinteriordoorsaremadeofglass.（interiorwall/door）

Antonym:

exterior

inveterate

（1）inveterateliar/smokeretc

someonewholiesalot,smokesalotetcandcannotstop

（2）inveteratefondness/distrust/hatredetc

anattitudeorfeelingthatyouhavehadforalongtimeandcannotchange

invincible

lTeamsliketheBullsarenotinvincible.

lHehasaninvinciblebeliefinhisownability.

latter

lthelatterhalfof1996（adj.）

lHeconsideredhisstudentseithergeniusesoridiots,andIfellintothelattercategory.（adj.）

lGivenachoicebetweenTahitiandHawaii,I'dpreferthelatter.（n.）

lHeisgettingintothelatteryearsofhiscareer.（adj.=later）

Antonym:

former

later

lHeresignedtenyearslater.

lAlaterreportsaidtheoilfireontheseawasout.

lInhislateryearshewroteverylittle.晚年他甚少动笔。

Antonym:

earlier

literacyn.

theabilitytoreadandwrite

lacampaigntopromoteadultliteracy

lbasicliteracyskills

literate:

adj.abletoreadandwrite（theliterate）

numerate?

['num?

r?

t]:

abletodocalculationsandunderstandsimplemathematics

numeracy

theliterati

（formal）asmallgroupofpeopleinasocietywhoknowalotaboutliterature

lure

v.topersuadesomeonetodosomething,especiallysomethingwrongordangerous,bymakingitseemattractiveorexciting

luresbinto（doing）sth

lPeoplemaybeluredintobuyingticketsbycleveradvertising.

luresbback/away（toattractcustomers,workers,moneyetcfromanothercompanyorplace）

lThebanklaunchedanadvertisingcampaigntolurebackitstraditionalcustomers.

lIt'sverydifficulttoluretalentawayfromSiliconValley.

n.somethingthatattractspeople,orthequalityofbeingabletodothis

lureof

lthelureofeasymoney

lMalcwasn'tmatureenoughtoresistthelureofdrinkanddrugs.

ottoman

apieceoffurniturelikealargeboxwithasofttop,usedasaseat,forrestingyourfeetonwhenyouaresitting,orforstoringthings

paralleladj./n.

lLinesABandCDareparallel.

lTherailwayisparallelwiththecanal.

lShewastravellingparalleltoherpreviousroute.

lSocialchangesinBritainarematchedbyparalleltrendsinsomeothercountries.

lDavieshasmanagedtopursuehisdiverseinterestsinparallelwithhisfast-movingcareer.

perplex

ifsomethingperplexesyou,itmakesyoufeelconfusedandworriedbecauseitisdifficulttounderstand（=puzzle）

lJane’ssymptomsperplexedthedoctors.

laproblem/question

laexpression/look/voice

plummet:

tofallsuddenlyandquicklyfromahighlevelorposition（=plunge）

lInShanghaisharepriceshaveplummetedforthesixthsuccessiveday.

lProfitsplummetedfrom￡49millionto￡11million.

lTheplaneplummetedtowardstheearth.

portray:

toshowordescribesomeoneorsomethinginaparticularway

lOpponentsportraythepresidentasweakandineffectual.

lThenewspaperswanttoportraytheprojectinagood/badlight.

portrait:

apainting,drawingorphotographofaperson,especiallyoftheheadandshoulders;adetaileddescriptionofsb/sth

lafull-lengthportrait

laportraitofworkinglifeinAmerica

prance:

towalkordancewithhighstepsorlargemovements,especiallyinaconfidentway

Weusedtoprancearoundourbedroompretendingtobepopstars.

Sheprancedoutoftheroom.

prize

lHewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforchemistry

lHewonfirstprizeattheLeedsPianoCompetition.

v.toconsidersomethingtobeveryimportantandspecial

lYouthrewawayallthoseoldmagazinesIprizesomuch!

pundit:

someonewhoisanexpertinasubject,andisoftenaskedtotalktothepublicaboutthatsubject

lIfyoubelievethefashionpundits,we'llallbewearingpinkthisyear.

sanction

v.toofficiallyacceptorallowsomething（approve）

lThechurchrefusedtosanctiontheking'ssecondmarriage.

n.officialpermission,approval,oracceptance

lApparently,theaide（助手）hadactedwithoutWhiteHousesanction.

n.officialordersorlawsstoppingtrade,communicationetcwithanothercountry,asawayofforcingitsleaderstomakepoliticalchanges

lUSsanctionsagainstNorthKorea

laresolutiontoimposesanctions（=startusingsanctions）onNorthKorea

ltrade/economicsanctions

seduce

lLeadersarepeoplewhocanseduceotherpeopleintosharingtheirdream.

lTheteacherwassackedforseducingfemalestudents.

lbytheprospectofbiggerprofits,thecompanyexpandedtoorapidly.

lThecountryhadresistedtheofmasstourism.

lIlovedressinguptolook.

sling

tothroworputsomethingsomewherewithacarelessmovementandsomeforce

（informal）tomakesomeoneleaveorgotoaplace

[usuallypassive]tohangsomethingloosely

lDaveworeatoolbeltslungaroundhiswaist.

lHenryslunghissuitcaseontothebed.

lSlingmethekeys.

lSamwasslungintojailforpunch