届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三23页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三23页word版.docx

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届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三23页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三

[一]

Everydaybornadecadefromnowwillhaveitsgeneticcode（基因编码）mappedatbirth,theheadoftheworld’sleadinggenomesequencing（基因图谱）companyhaspredicted.

AcompleteDNAread–outforeverynewbornwillbetechnicallypossibleandaffordableinlessthanfiveyears,promisingarevolutioninhealthcare,saysJayFlatley,thechiefexecutiveofIllumina.Onlysocialandlegalproblemsarelikelytodelaytheageof“genomesequences,”orgeneticprofiles.By2019itwillhavebecomeroutinetomapinfants’geneswhentheyareborn,DrFlatlytoldTheTimes.

Thiswillopenanewapproachtomedicine,bywhichconditionssuchashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasecanbepredictedandpreventedanddrugsusedmoresafelyandeffectively.

Ababy’sgenomecanbediscoveredatbirthbyabloodtest.Byexaminingaperson’sgenome,itispossibletoidentifyraisedrisksofdevelopingdiseasessuchascancers.Thoseathighriskcanthenbescreenedmoreregularly,orgivendrugsordietaryadvicetolowertheirchancesofbecomingill.

Personalgenomescouldalsobeusedtoensurethatpatientsgetthemedicinethatismostlikelytoworkforthemandleastlikelytohaveside–effects.

Thedevelopment,however,willraiselegalconcernsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.

“Badthingscanbedonewiththegenome.Itcouldpredictsomethingaboutsomeone–andyoucouldpossiblyhandtheinformationtotheiremployerortheirinsurancecompany.”saidDrFlatley.

“Peoplehavetorecognizethatthishorseisoutofthebarn,andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.Completegeneticprivacy,however,isunlikelytobepossible”,headded.

Asthebenefitsbecomeclearer,however,hebelievesthatmostpeoplewillwanttheirgenomesreadandinterpreted.Theriskisnothingcomparedwiththegain.

4.Inthefirsttwoparagraphs,theauthormainlywantstotellusabout__________.

A.thesignificantprogressinmedicine

B.thepromiseofaleadingcompany

C.theinformationofbabies’genes

D.theresearchofmedicalscientists

5.Whichofthefollowingisaproblemcausedbythisapproach?

A.ThedelayingindiscoveringDNA.

B.Theriskofdevelopingdiseasesatbirth.

C.Thesideeffectsofmedicineonpatients.

D.Thelettingoutofpersonalgeneticinformation.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“…thishorseisoutofthebarn”mean?

A.Geneticmappingtechniquehasbeenwidelyused.

B.peoplecan’tstopgeneticmappingtechniqueadvancing.

C.Peopleareeagertoimprovegeneticmappingtechnique.

D.Geneticmappingtechniqueistoohorribletocontrol.

7.What’sDrFlatley’sattitudetowardsthetechnology?

A.Tolerant.B.Conservative.C.Positive.D.Doubtful.

【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.C

【解析】本文介绍了一项医学上的重大进步，即DNA技术在医疗上的应用。

4.A

目的意图题。

根据前两段告诉我们在不到五年的时间里，每一个新生儿的完整的DNA解读将在技术上是可行的和担负得起的，这预示着医疗保健领域的一场革命。

可知这是在告诉我们一项医学上的重大进步。

故选A.

5.D

细节理解题：

根据第六段Thedevelopment,however,willraiselegalconcernsaboutprivacyandaccesstoindividuals’geneticrecords.可知，这种方法带来的问题就是它可能会泄露个人的基因信息。

故选D.

6.B

猜测词句题：

根据倒数第二段划线句所在段andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.Completegeneticprivacy,however,isunlikelytobepossible”,headded.所说：

因为无论你走到哪里，你都会留下你的基因组。

因此完全的基因隐私是不可能的，这是你自己不能控制的。

可知猜测出本句的意思是：

人不能阻止遗传作图技术的推进。

故选B.

7.C

推理判断题。

根据最后一段所说：

然而，随着利益的明朗化，他相信大多数人都希望他们的基因组能够被阅读和解释。

这与收益相比风险又是什么。

可以推断出作者对此技术是积极的态度。

故选C.

【名师点睛】

猜测词句题要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。

使用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。

例如第3小题词句理解题：

词句理解题：

根据倒数第二段划线句所在段andthatyourgenomeprobablycan’tbeprotected,becauseeverywhereyougoyouleaveyourgenomebehind.Completegeneticprivacy,however,isunlikelytobepossible”,headded.所说：

因为无论你走到哪里，你都会留下你的基因组。

因此完全的基因隐私是不可能的，这是你自己不能控制的。

可知猜测出本句的意思是：

人不能阻止遗传作图技术的推进。

故选B.

[二]

AlthoughParisisoftenconsideredthecityofromance,closetoamillionadultswhocallithomearesingle.ManysinglepeoplesaythatFrance’scapitalisoneofthemostdifficultplacestomeetpeople.Thecomplaints（抱怨）ofthislonelygrouphaveinspiredanewphenomenonknownas“supermarketdating.”AtGalerieLafayetteGourmet,singlescanshopformorethanjusttheitemsontheirgrocerylist.Theycanlookforsomeonewhohasblueeyes,brownhair,andis1.8meterstall,orwhatevermaybeontheirromanticshoppinglist.AtthisParislocation,singlepeopleofallagescanscheduletheirshoppingforThursdaynightsbetween6:

30and9:

00p.m.Whentheywalkthroughthedoor,theypickupapurplebaskettoadvisethattheyarelookingforlove.Theytrytoarriveearlybecausethebasketsdisappearquickly,andthentheyhavetowaitinlinefortheirturntowanderthestoreaisles（过道）.Withpurplebasketsinhand,shopperscanconsidertheirromanticoptionswhiletheypickouttheirgroceries.Whentheyarereadytopay,theycangotothecheckoutlineforsingleswhowanttochat.MostofthepeoplewholookforloveinthesupermarketareskepticalofInternetdating.Theyknowthatitiseasytoembellish（美化）one’sappearanceortolieaboutone’sageovertheInternet.Thesupermarket,ontheotherhand,isconsideredasafeandcasualenvironmentinwhichtomeetapotentialmatch.Inaddition,whatonefindsinanother’sgrocerybasketcansayathingortwoaboutthatperson’scharacterorintentions.Buyingpetfoodcanbeaman’swayofshowingapotentialmatchthathehasasensitiveside.Womenwhofilltheirbasketswithlow-fatfoodshowtheirhealthystyleofliving.Thesedaysit’spossibletofindmuchmorethanfoodatagrocerystore.

8.WhatdomanysinglepeopleinPairscomplainabout?

A.Thedifficultyinmeetingpeople.

B.Theideaofsupermarketdating.

C.Theitemsontheirgrocerylist.

D.Theinconvenienceinshopping.

9.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredbutisnotclearlystatedinthesecondparagraph?

A.ThedatingsupermarketislocatedinParis.B.ThedatingsupermarketisopenonlyonThursdayevenings.C.PeoplelookingforlovemustgetabasketofaparticularcolorD.Thedatingsupermarkethasverygoodbusiness.

10.Howdoloveshoppersmeetoneanother?

A.Theyscheduletheirmeetinginadvance.B.Theygothroughaspecialcheckout.C.Theypickouttheirgrocerieswithgreatcare.D.Theydialthephonenumbersontheirshoppingitems.

11.WhydothepeoplepreferthesupermarketdatingtoInternetdating?

A.Thesupermarketdatingismoreconvenient.B.Thesupermarketdatingismorecasual.C.Thesupermarketdatingcanbetrustedmore.D.Thesupermarketdatingislessexpensive.

【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C

【解析】本文主要介绍为了满足巴黎单身人士的需求，出现的约会超市的情况，人们如何寻找自己的理想伴侣，如何和他们见面，怎样赢得对方的好感。

同时也介绍了这种方法和网上交友相比更可靠。

8.A

细节理解题。

根据第一段ManysinglepeoplesaythatFrance’scapitalisoneofthemostdifficultplacestomeetpeople.可知，很多单身汉认为在巴黎很难接触到人。

故选A.

9.D

推理判断题。

根据第二段Theytrytoarriveearlybecausethebasketsdisappearquickly,andthentheyhavetowaitinlinefortheirturntowanderthestoreaisles（过道）.可知，巴黎单身的人很喜欢这种约会超市，它的生意就好。

故选D.

10.B

细节理解题。

根据第三段Whentheyarereadytopay，theycangotothecheckoutlineforsingleswhowanttochat.可知，这些人是在专门的收银台见面。

故选B.

11.C

推理判断题。

根据最后一段：

Thesupermarket,ontheotherhand,isconsideredasafeandcasualenvironmentinwhichtomeetapotentialmatch.可知，超市和网上比更值得信任。

故选C.

[三]

Intoday’ssociety,languageplaysakeyroleindefininggender（性别）byvocabulary,andalsothenonverbal（非语言的）vocabulary.Eachoneofthesedifferenttypesofwaysofcommunicatingisobviouslydifferentbetweenmenandwomen.

Manydifferentstudiesshowthatmentendtotalkmuchmorethanwomen.Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen;thisisduetothefactthatwomentendtobeinterruptedmoreoftenthanmenare,andalsohavetheabilitytospeakmoreclearly,precisely,andmorequicklythanmen.Inonestudyitwasfoundthatwomenspokeforanaverageofthreeminutesdescribingapainting,asopposedtothethirteenminuteaverageittookmentodescribeit.

Menandwomenalsotendtohaveaverydifferentnonverbalwayofcommunicating,whichcanalsomakeitveryhardforoneanothertounderstandwhattheoppositesexistryingtosay.Men’sbodylanguageismuchmorereservedwhentheyaretalkingtowomen.Mentendnottomakeasmucheyecontactandtheygenerallystayfartherawayfromwomenwhentalkingtothem.Menavoidotherpeople’sbodyspacewhiletalking,andtheyalsotendtositbackwhentalking.Allofthesehavegivenofftheimpressionofdisinterestorboredom.Womenarebyfarbetterlistenersandmuchmoreenjoyabletotalkwithandtheytendtoraisemoretopicsforconversation.

Womenalsomakeitclearerwhetherornottheconversationisgoingsomewhereorjuststuckinneutral.Afterlearningaboutourstylesofcommunicatingwitheachother,Ihavedecidedthatalthoughmenhavenotquitemasteredcommunicating,whatfunwoulditbeifweallspokethesame“language”？

Thelittlegamesmenandwomenplaywitheachotherwhileconversingwouldbelost.Thequestioneveryoneaskshimselforherselfaftertalkingwithsomeoneoftheoppositesex,“Iwonderifthere’ssomethingthere？

”wouldnolongerexist.

语篇解读：

本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了男性和女性因性别差异而导致在沟通方式上也有所不同的现象。

★13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2referto?

A．Thedifferencesbetweenmen’sandwomen’slanguages.

B．Thedifferentspeedofmen’sandwomen’sspeech.

C．Theabilityofmen’sandwomen’sspokenlanguage.

D．Thenonverbalvocabularyofmenandwomen.

解析：

选B　代词指代题。

由this承接第二段中的“Ithasalsobeenproventhatwomentendtospeakfasterthanmen”可推知，此处的this指代女性比男性说话快的现象，故选B。

14．Inwhatwaydomenandwomendifferaccordingtothe