英语名词单数变复数规则.docx
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英语名词单数变复数规则
英语名词单数变复数规则
英语名词单数变复数的规则
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化：
结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例：
friend→friends;cat→cats;style→styles;sport→sports;piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化：
统一加读[iz]。
例：
bus→buses;quiz→quizzes;fox→foxes;match→matches;flash→flashes
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
读音变化：
加读[z]。
例：
candy→candies;daisy→daisies;fairy→fairies;lady→ladies;story→stories
四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化：
加读[z]。
例：
tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes;torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes
反例：
silo→silos;piano→pianos（外来词）;photo→photos;macro→macros（缩写词）
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
读音变化：
尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例：
knife→knives;life→lives;leaf→leaves;staff→staves;scarf→scarves
反例：
roof→roofs
六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
读音变化：
尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
例：
fungus→fungi;abacus→abaci;focus→foci;cactus→cacti;cestus→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。
读音变化：
尾音[is]改读[i:
z]。
例：
axis→axes;basis→bases;naris→nares;hypothesis→hypotheses;restis→restes
八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。
读音变化：
尾音[iks]改读[isi:
z]。
例：
matrix→matrices;directrix→directrices;calix→calices;appendix→appendices反例：
affix→affixes
九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。
读音变化：
去掉鼻尾音。
例：
forum→fora;stadium→stadia;aquarium→aquaria;datum→data;vacuum→vacua
十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化：
尾音[E]改读[i:
]。
例：
larva→larvae;formula→formulae;ala→alae;media→mediae;hydra→hydrae
十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化：
保持原音。
例：
fish→fish;sheep→sheep;cattle→cattle;deer→deer;salmon→salmon
十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化：
没有规律。
例：
man→men;woman→women;child→children;person→people;ox→oxen
十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：
例：
ox→oxen;child→children;brother→brethren
十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例：
analysis→analyses分析;basis→bases基础;datum→data数据;foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式;goose→geese;louse→lice虱子;man→men
mouse→mice;medium→media/mediums媒介;memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;
parenthesis→parentheses圆括号;phenomenon→phenomena现象;radius→radii半径
tooth→teeth;woman→women
十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例：
deer;fish;cannon;sheep;salmon鲑鱼;trout鳟鱼
十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词
例：
abscence;clothing;film;help;furniture家具;machinery机械;news;scenery风景;sugar;
traffic交通
十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例：
bellows风箱;clothes;police;shorts短裤;scissors剪刀;spectacles眼镜;shears大剪刀
trousers长裤;wages工资
十八、compoundnouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例：
daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law媳妇;father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰;maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子;son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
例：
pair（对，双）;suit（套）;apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers
二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，
例：
goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼
二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
例：
adollar,twodollars;ameter,twometers
以O结尾的词，许多加es构成复数，特别是一些常用词如：
heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes,tornadoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes,mosquitoes,Negroes,mangoes,buffaloes,volcanoes
但下面几类词只加s：
1.以“元音+o”或“oo”结尾的词如:
videos,radios,studios,folios,oratorios,embryos,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos
2.一些外来词，特别是音乐方面的词，如：
pianos,solos,concertos,tobaccos,mottos,cellos
3.一些缩写词和专有名词，如：
kilos,photos,memos,micros,Eskimos,Filipnos
有个别词加两种词尾都可
新目标英语八年级（上）期末试题
（二）
Ｉ.释义 从下列选项中，选出一个与句子画线部分意思相同或相近的答案。
（5分）
（ ）1.Wegotover1000letters,faxesande-mailsfromourreaders.
A.some B.more C.morethan D.many
（ ）2.Ihavetogotoameeting.
A.must B.hasto C.need D.hadto
（ ）3.Pleasetakecareofyourself.
A.lookfor B.lookat C.lookafter D.lookover
（ ）4.Howaboutgoingfishing?
A.Whatabout B.Whynot C.Whydon’t D.Shallwe
（ ）5.Finallyhegotaverygoodjob.
A.Atlast B.Attheend C.Attheendof D.Atfirst
II. 选择填空 （20分）
（ ）6. ---_________doyouexercise?
-----Everyday.
A.When B.What C.Howlong D.Howoften
（ ）7.She ______TVeveryday.
A.sees B.looksat C.watches D.looks
（ ）8.Thereis______elephantoverthere.
A.a B.an C.the D./
（ ）9.---What’sthematter______you?
----Ihaveabadcold.
A.for B.with C.to D.on
（ ）10.---Whatareyoudoingforvacation. ----I____mysister.
A.babysitting B.arebabysitting C.isbabysitting D.ambabysitting
（ ）11.______aretheygoing?
TheyaregoingonMonday.
A.What B.When C.Whattime D.How
（ ）12.It_____meabout10minutestowalkthere.
A.take B.takes C.spend D.spends
（ ）13.In America,moststudentsgotoschool_____theschoolbus.
A.in B.on C.by D.at
（ ）14.Canyoucometomyparty,Ted?
_____________.
A. Sorry,I‘dlike B.Sure,I’dloveto C.Sure,Ican’t D.Yes,I’dlike.
（ ）15.Canyoucometomyparty______Saturdayafternoon?
A.on B.in C.at D.about
（ ）16.He______shorthair.He____calm.
A.is/is B.has/has C.is/has D.has/is
（ ）17.Thisstoryis_______thanthatone.
A.fun B.funny C.funner D.funnier
（ ）18.Sheoftenmakesme______.16-20DDABC
A.laugh B.tolaugh C.laughing D.laughs
（ ）19.Webothenjoy______toparties.
A.go B.going C.goes D.went
（ ）20.Doyouliketomatoes?
--_________.
A.Yes,youdo B.No,youdon’t C.Yes,Ido D.No,Ido
（ ）21. Frank________atoyhorseyesterday.
A.don’tbuy B.buys C.bought D.buy
（ ）22.Onmynextday_____,Idon’twanttogo_____adrive.
A.in,on B.off,for C.of,for D.off,of
（ ）23He_______in1998.
A.isborn B.wasborn C.isbirth D.was birth
（ ）24.CouldIpleaseuseyourruler?
__________.
A.Sorry,youcan’t. B.Notatall C.That’sright D.Yes,youcan’t
（ ）25.Whowrites_______,Jim,KateorJohn?
A.themostcarefully B.morecarefully C.themostcareful D.morecareful
III.按顺序排列对话, 将正确的序号写在横线上（5分）
a. Abouttwodaysago.
b. What’sthematter?
c. I’mnotfeelingwell.Ihaveacold.
d. Whendiditstart
e. Oh,that’stoobad.Youshouldgetsomerest.
26—30 _______________________________
IV.将恰当的答语的序号填入相应的问句的括号里.（5分）
（ ）31.Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?
a.Yes,alittle
（ ）32.Couldyoucleanyourroom?
b.I’mgoingtobeanengineer.
（ ）33.Howoftendoyoueatfastfood?
c.Itwasexciting.
（ ）34.Areyoufeelinghungry?
d.Sorry,Ican’t.Ihavetodomyhomework.
（ ）35.Howwasyourschooltrip?
e.Sometimes.
V.完形填空.（5分）
Nancy,
Thanksfor 36______ mydog.Couldyouplease 37_______ thesethingseveryday?
Takehim forawalk . Give 38________ waterandfeedhim.Thenwashhisbowl.
Play 39______ him. 40_______ tocleanhisbed.Havefun!
Seeyounextweek.
Thanks,
Thomas
（ ）36. A.takingcareof B.takecareof C.takecare D.takingof
（ ）37. A.do B.does C.doing D.todo
（ ）38. A.his B.her C.him D.me
（ ）39. A.for B.at C.with D.to
（ ）40. A.Don’tforget B.Don’t remember C.Notforgetting D.Forget
VI.阅读理解（30分）
A
Jim was bornin a small village. his father, Mr. Brown, has a big farm and
works hard on it.He often gets good harvests. Now Jim is six years old, but there's
noschool near the village. He is very worried."My sister works in London."
says Mrs,Brown. "We can take Jim to school there. what do
you think of it?
""It's a good idea!
"Mr Brown said happily.
The next day they all went to London by train. Jim's aunt
was glad to see them.A week later, Jim came to school.
"What's your name,little boy?
" asked a teacher. "Jim Brown."
answered the boy."You must be polite ," said the teacher,
"please say 'sir' when you are speaking to the old. Now answer
my question again. What's yourname?
" "Sir Jim Brown."
（ ）41.The Brown lives in a small village in____.
A.China B.America C.England D.Australia
（ ）42.Mr. Brown is____.
A.a farmer B.a teacher C.a worker D.a college student
（ ）43.Mr.andMrs.Brown took their son to London because_______.
A.there're many nice schools in thecity
B.they want Jim to playthere.
C.they have no time to look after Jim.
（ ）44.The teacher wanted Jim_____.
A.to be polite totheyoung. B.to know how to say sir.
C.to know how to speak English. D.to know how to speakto theold.
（ ）45.The boy calledhimself"sir JimBrown" because______.
A.his name was Jim Brown
B.he wasn't polite to the teacher
C.he didn't know how to use the word"sir"
D.he was born in a small village
B
LucylikesEnglishverymuch.Sheworkshard.ShereadsEnglisheverymorning.
ShelikesspeakingEnglish.Sheoftenlistenstotheradio.ShelikeswatchingTV.Butshe
onlywatchesitonSaturdayevening. Shedoesn’tlikedancing.Butshelikessinging.
Shesingsverywell.Shelikesdrivingacar,too.Herparentslikeher.Andallthe
teacherslikeher,too.
（ ）46.DoesLucyreadEnglishinthemorning?
______________.
A.Yes,shedoes B.Yes,sheis C.No,shedoesn’t D.No,sheisn’t
（ ）47.Whendoesshewatch
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