高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习.docx

高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习.docx

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高考阅读理解题型观点态度题详解及练习

后面有练习

最后是练习的答案，包括词汇和难点解析。

都是我一个一个字打上去的

高考考纲中对考生阅读理解部分的要求如下：

（1）理解主旨和要义

（2）理解文中具体信息（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度（5）理解文章的基本结构

对应有

（1）主旨大意题

（2）细节与推理判断题（3）词义猜测提（4）观点态度题（5）篇章结构题五种基本的阅读理解题型。

今天我们要讲的就是五种基本题型之一的观点态度题

例一、[2009年陕西卷]“Oldwives’tales”arebeliefspasseddownfromonegenerationtoanother.Forexample,mostofusrememberourparents’tellingustoeatmoreofcertainfoodsornottodocertainthings.Isthereanytruthintheseteachings?

Someofthemagreewithpresentmedicalthinking,butothershavenotpassedthetestoftime.

Didyourmotherevertellyoutoeatyourcarrotsbecausetheyaregoodforyoureyes?

Scientistsnowreportthateatingcarrotscanhelppreventaseriouseyediseasecalledmaculardegeneration….

Eventhoughsciencecantellusthatsomeofourtraditionalbeliefsdon’tholdwater,thereisstillalotoftruthintheoldwives’tales.Afterall,muchofthisknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedfromthousandsofyearsofexperienceinfamilyhealthcare.…

54.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward“oldwives’tales”inthetext?

A.SubjectiveB.ObjectiveC.DissatisfiedD.Curious

例二、Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas（前景）,createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That,atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipswithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.

Theproblemistwofold（双重的）.First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest（投入）inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat’sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline（减弱）untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”.

Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn’tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomoretotheothersideoftheworld.

Inonesense,that’sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren’tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn’tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon’tstopthathappeningeventually.

75、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseoftheinternettostrengthenrelationships?

A.Heisuncertainaboutit.B.Heishopefulofit.

C.Heapprovesofit.D.Hedoubtsit.

例三、Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest,thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.Theendresultisthatwefeellikewecan’tfocusorthatwe’refocusedonthewrongthings,andsowetakelessaction,makelessprogress,andstaythesamewhenwecouldbeimproving.

30、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3?

A.TolerantB.DoubtfulC.RespectfulD.Supportive

引类问题的几种提问方式

（1）What’sthewriter’sattitudeto…?

（2）What’sthetoneofthepassage?

（3）Theauthor’sviewis_______

（4）Thewriter’sattitudeof.thispassageisapparently_________

（5）Theauthor’sopinioncouldbebestdescribedas_________

（6）WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthorbeLEAST/MOSTlikelytoagreewith?

（7）Whichofthefollowingstatementsindicatestheauthor’sattitudetoward____?

推测作者的写作意图时，必须要先了解文章的主题，然后分析作者的论述方法、论述重点和材料的安排。

故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者；广告类英文文的目的一般是为了推销产品或者服务；议论文的目的是要阐述观点；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识，帮助大家广文博见。

大家做题之前，应先熟悉在考题中常常出现的表示态度的词汇。

表示客观的词：

objective,impartial,neutral（中立的），disinterested无私的unbiased没有偏见的unprejudiced公平的，无偏见的factual事实的，实际的informative提供信息的

主观的/偏见的：

subjective,prejudiced,biased,partial

漠不关心：

Indifferent,uninterested,carefree,detached,unconcerned

困惑、迷茫不知所措的：

confused,perplexed,puzzled,ambiguous

感情色彩深、程度深：

enthusiastic,strong,completely,radical

程度较浅，谨慎的：

preserved,qualified,tempered,guarded

积极意义的：

positive肯定的，积极的favorable赞成的，有利的consent赞成，同意supportive支持的，支援的defensive辩护的，保卫的optimistic乐观的confident自信的，确信的respectful尊敬的approval赞成，承认sympathetic赞成，支持humorous幽默的sober清醒的

消极意义的：

negative否定的，消极的critical批评的sarcastic（讽刺的）worried焦虑的，担心的pessimistic悲观的apprehensive忧虑的opposed反对的suspicious怀疑的doubtful可疑的，不确定的ironic说反话的，讽刺的disapproval不赞成objection反对，不赞成opposition反对criticism批评，批判indignant气愤的

做观点态度题时要注意：

1.注意不要把我们自己的好恶态度糅进其中，不要用带有主观倾向的视角评判作者态度。

2.作者引用别人的观点时，我们勿必分辨清楚作者引用的观点是作为支持还是反对的例证，要注意区分作者本人的态度和作者引用的观点的态度。

3.有作者观点、态度是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不定。

对记叙或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠、憎恨。

作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩旺旺隐含在文章的字里行间，或流露于修饰的词语之中。

因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或者副词如：

fortunately,excessively,toomany等

练习

一、YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka，butforthepast27years，thisassociation，foundedbyBillDrayton，hasfoughtpoverty（贫困）andsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses，Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld’smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolve（解决）urgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.

75、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAshoka’sprogramcanbedescribedas.

A.changingB.forgivingC.cautiousD.positive

二、[2009年浙江卷]FourpeopleinEngland,backin1953,staredatphoto51.Itwasn’tmuch-–apictureshowingablackX.ButthreeofthesepeoplewontheNobelPrizeforfiguringoutwhatthephotoreallyshowed—theshapeofDNA.ThediscoverybroughtfameandfortunetoscientistsJamesWatson,FrancisCrick,andMauriceWillkins.Thefourth,theonewhoactuallymadethepicture,wasleftout.

HernamewasRosalindFranklin.“ifherphotohadn’tbeenthere,theotherscouldn’thavecomeupwiththestructure.”onereasonFranklinwasmissingwasthatshehaddiedofcancerfouryearsbeforetheNobeldecision.ButnowscholarsdoubtthatFranklinwasnotonlyrobbedofherlifebydiseasebutrobbedofcreditbyhercompetitions.

…

WhatshedidwasproduceX-raypicturesthattoldWatsonandCrickthatoneoftheirearlymodelswasinsideout.Andshewasnotshyaboutsayingso.ThatangeredWatson,whoattackedherinreturn,”…

AsFranklin’scompetitors,Wilkins,WatsonandCrickhadmuchtogainbycuttingheroutofthelittlegroupofresearchers…Watsonwrotehisbooklaughingather.Crickwrotein1974that“Franklinswasonlytwostepsawayfromthesolution.”

No,Franklinwasthesolution.“ShecontributedmorethananyotherplayertosolvingthestructureofDNA.Shemustbeconsideredaco-discoverer,”…

64.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardWilkins,WatsonandCrick?

ADisapproving.B.Respectful.C.Admiring.D.Doubtful.

三、[2009全国I卷]

WespentabouttwohoursinNancy,thensailedontheCanaldelaMarneauRhine.Kindofalazyday,eatingbreakfast,lunch,anddinner.AfterdinnerwewatchedatapeonBaccarat,wherewewillvisittomorrow.

Itwaspleasanttositoutondeck（甲板）andwatchthescenerygobyatabout3mph.

TodaywesailedfromSchneckenbushtoSaverne.Wewentthroughtwocaves,anextremelyunusualpartofthejourney.Thisriversceneryisverydifferent.Wewereinamountainvalleywithgrasslandononesideandaforestbeginningtoshowsomecolorontheother.

79.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthetour?

A.Tiring.B.Expensive.C.Enjoyable.D.Quick.

四、Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?

Somepsychologists（心理学家）suggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people'sliveswereconstantlyindanger.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecuredandlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival（生存）.

Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkincomparativelysafeconditions;theybuyfoodinshops;andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistolookfordangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.

Thewriterofthetexthasa____attitudetowardsdangeroussports.

A.positive（肯定的）B.negative（否定的）C.neutral（中立的）　D.Nervous

五、Well,IhadnothingagainstfeelinggreatandifAlexcouldjogeveryday,anyonecould.SoItookupjoggingseriouslyandgaveitagoodtwomonthsofmylife,andnotadaymore.Basedonmyexperience,joggingisthemostovervaluedformofexercisearound.Andjudgingfromthenumberofthepeoplewholeftourneighborhoodjoggingarmy,I'mnotaloneinmyopinion.（2008年浙江卷D篇）

54.Whatwasthewriter’sattitudetowardsjogginginthebeginning?

A.Hefeltitwasworthatry.

B.Hewasveryfondofit.

C.Hewasstronglyagainstit.

D.Hethoughtitmustbepainful.

六、[2009年浙江卷]InancientEgypt,thepharaoh（法老）treatedthepoormessagerunnerlikeaprincewhenhearrivedatthepalace,ifhebroughtgoodnews.However,iftheexhaustedrunnerhadthemisfortunetobringthepharaohunhappynews,hisheadwascutoff.

Shadesofthatspiritspreadovertoday’sconversations.OnceafriendandIpackedupsomepeanutbutterandsandwichesforanouting.Aswewalkedlight-heartedlyoutthedoor,picnicbasketinhand,asmilingneighborlooked