湖南省邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼5.docx

湖南省邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼5.docx

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湖南省邵东县高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼5

湖南省邵东县2016高考英语单项选择和阅读理解精炼（5）

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred，whyareveins（静脉）blue?

Actually，veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear，yellowishcolour.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody，whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin，it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth，thesebloodfilledveinsreflectlessredlightthanthesurroundingskin，makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder，yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.Yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise，andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.But，inthelongrun，yourbrainprobablytipsit，becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart，andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout，andwhydon'ttheygrowbackingrownups?

Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong；theyfallouttomakeroomforbigger，strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged，decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin，you'redone.Whenthey'regone，they'regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife，andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But，whentheydo，itisn'tbecausethey'reshrinkingallover.Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）．Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof34cminheightastheyage，whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.Ifyoulivetobe200yearsold，wouldyoukeepshrinkingtillyouwere，like60cmtall，likealittleboyagain？

No，becauseoldpeopledon'treallyshrink！

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards—theirlegs，armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter，it'sbecausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or，moreoften，becomemorebentandcurved.

Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy（眩晕的）?

Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravityandmotionsensingorgansinyourinnerear，whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But，whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrol，andyourbrainthinksyou'removingwhileyou'renot!

Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?

Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea—frommicetodogs，cats，andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear，painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingsalsoinvolveother，newerbitsofthebrain，wefeelmorecomplexemotionsthananyotheranimalontheplanet.

Ifexercisewearsyouout，howcanitbegoodforyou?

Becauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned，it's“useit，orloseit”！

It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy；it'smorethatalackofexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.

1．Whatisthecolourofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?

A．Blue.B．Lightyellow.

C．Red.D．Darkreddishpurple.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一个标题下的“...it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.”可知答案。

答案　D。

2．Whydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?

A．Becausetheirspineisinactiveuse.

B．Becausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravity.

C．Becausetheykeepgrowingbackwards.

D．Becausetheirspinebecomesmorebent.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第四个标题下的“Theysimplyloseheightastheirspine（脊柱）becomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity（重力）．”可知，老年人变矮是因为脊柱收缩和弯曲造成的。

答案　D。

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?

A．Inthelongrun，ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.

B．Whenourbrainsensesthespinning，wewillfeeldizzy.

C．Thebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumans.

D．Ourfeelingsandemotionscomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrain.

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二个标题下的第三句“But，inthelongrun，yourbrain...”可知答案为A项。

此题最易误选B项，根据第五个标题下的最后一句可知，眩晕是由于“你已经不动了，而你的大脑认为你还在动”的错觉引起的。

答案　A。

4．Whatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?

A．Togiveadviceonhowtostayhealthy.

B．Toprovideinformationaboutourbody.

C．Tochallengenewfindingsinmedicalresearch.

D．Toreportthelatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience.

解析　写作意图题。

考生易误选D项，但是在医学领域，概括失误。

文章主要涉及我们身体的问题，包括身体的、情绪的等等。

故选择B项较全面。

答案　B。

阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Forfivedays,Edmonton’sDowntownParkistransformedintoonehugestagewhereartistsareabletosharetheirtalents,andwherepeopleareabletocelebrateandenjoythemselves.Sinceitsbeginningin1980,theEdmontonFolkMusicFestivalhasbeencommemorating（纪念）thetruefeelingofwhatfolkmusicisallaboutandthat’sthetraditionaltogetherness（友爱）thatisfeltwhenpeoplegathertosharestoriesandfeelingsthroughsong.

ThisyearwillbethesixthyearwhenvolunteerRiedelwillbeofferinguphertimetothefestival.“Peoplecomingoffabusyspringandsummerhaveamomentofrelaxation,”Riedelsaid.“It’sreallyeasytorelax,andit’sgreatseeingfamilyandfriendshavefuntogether.”Thesefamiliesandfriendscom

efromalldifferentkindsofmusicaltastes.PeoplewhotakepleasureinBluesarethere,soarepeoplewholoveBluegrass.Thisfestivaldoesitsbesttodevelopeveryone’smusicalinterests.

Withsomanyyearsofexperience,thefestivalhasbecomeawell-oiledmachine,anddoeswhateveritcantomakeattendeesfeelascomfortableaspossible.Therearefreewaterstationsthroughoutthevenue（举办地）forpeopletofilluptheirtravelcups.Whenpeoplebuyfood,reusabledishesaregivena$2platefee,butthatisreturnedwhentheplateisbroughtback.

Thefestivalhascompletelysoldoutoftickets,andinrecordtime.ButwithbignamessuchasVanMorrisonandJakobDylan,it’seasytoseehowthatwasgoingtohappen.Thereisnoparkingareaduringthefestival,sousingthePark&RidesystemorEdmontonTransitishighlyrecommended.Abikelock-upareaisprovidedandwillbeavailableThursdayuntilSundayonehourbeforethegatesopenuntil45minutesafterthegatesclose.

TheEdmontonFolkMusicFestivalbeginsonWednesday,Aug.4withVanMorrisonplayingthespecialdonationfund（基金）concert,andwillfinishuponSunday,Aug.8.

1.TheEdmontonFolkMusicFestivalisheldmainlyto　　　.　

A.gatherpeoplewithdifferentmusicaltastes

B.remindpeopleoftherealsenseoffolkmusic

C.exhibitthegoodvoicesofgreattalentsinfolkmusic

D.collectoldstoriesoffolkmusic

2.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Riedelhasvolunteeredforthefestivalforatleast5years.

B.It’shardforpeopletoappreciateBlues.

C.Itcostspeoplealittletofilluptheircupsfromwaterstations.

D.Peoplehavetopay$2foraplateoffood.

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat　　　.　

A.peoplecangetticketseasilyforthefestival

B.theEdmontonFolkMusicFestivaliswellorganized

C.drivingone’sowncartothefestivalishighlyrecommended

D.bikesareavailableatthefestivalfromWednesdaytoSunday

4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A.FolkMusicofBlues　　　　　　　　　B.OneFestivalforAll

C.FestivalforFamilyGathering　　　　　D.Edmonton’sDowntownPark

【参考答案】1-4BABB　　

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

AlittlegirlinmyfamilygotatypewriterforChristmas.Notalaptop.Nothingwithascreen.Theold-fashionedmanualkind.

Typewritershadprettymuchgonethewayofdodobirdsquitesomeyearsbeforemygranddaughterwasborn.Butitwasthetypewriterusedbyajournalistinthemovie“KitKittredge:

AnAmericanGirl”thatattractedher.

Ormaybeitwasthewaythetypewriterwasused.Inthemovie,Kitdoesold-fashionedjournalismandwritesstoriesthathelprightawrong.Inachallengingenvironmentshekeepsherwits—andastrongsenseofethics（道德）—abouther.

However,anotherreporter,ChuckTatumin“AceintheHole”istotallydifferent.Hetellsaneditor,“Ifthere’snonews,I’llgooutandbiteadog.”Later,referringtoasigninthenewsroomthatreads“TelltheTruth,”Tatumacknowledgessomeguilt.But,“Notenoughtostopmeonmywaytothetop.”

Inbothmovies,thejournalistsusetypewriters.It’swhattheydowiththemthatmakesthedifference.Andtoday,it’swhatwedowithourhardware—thejournalismweproduce—thatmakesthedifference.

Typewritershavelongsincegivenwaytolaptops,cameraphonesandvideophones.ButhereatThomsonReuters（路透社）,andinthemediaasawhole,theneedforastrongsenseofethicshasneverbeenmorenecessary.

Tome,attheheartofethicsarethepreservation（保持）ofhonesty,independenceandfreedomfromprejudice.Itmeansethicsandstandardsarecompatiblewithinnovation（革新）.Infact,theyhavetogohandinhand.There’salotofroomforinnovationhere,butthere’snoroomforaChuckTatum,whowoulddoanythingtogettothetop.

Inabout2020,mygranddaughterwillprobablybeusingtechnologythathasn’tbeendevelopedyettoworkonherschool“newspaper”.Shewon’tbeusinghertypewriterbutshewill,Ihope,beusingwhatshe’slearnedfromthejournalistsofthisgeneration.It’suptoustosettherightexample.

41.WhatdoesChuckTatummeanbysaying“biteadog”?

A.Hetriesallsortsoftrickstoachievehisgoal.

B.Heacknowledgeshisguiltoftellinglies.

C.Heattractspeople’sattentioninthestreet.

D.Hebecomesmadbecausethere’snonews.

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Notenoughtostopmeonmy