java中英文翻译.docx

java中英文翻译.docx

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java中英文翻译

CharacteristicsofLANs

ThemainCharacteristicsofaLANincludeitsthroughput,delays,wiringtypeanddistances,security,andreliability.Wediscussthesecharacteristicsbelow.WethencomparethecharacteristicsofmajorLANs.

Throughput

ThethroughputistheaveragetotaltransmissionratewhentheLANisheavilyloadedbymanynodes.

InasharedLAN,thethroughputisafractionoftherateofthetransmitters.ThisfractioniscalledtheefficiencyoftheMACprotocl.Forinsyance,anetworkthatusesaMACprotocolwithanefficiencyoh65percentand10-Mbpstransmittershasathroughputof6.5Mbps.Thesevaluesaretypicalforashared10-MbpsEthernet.ThethroughputofatokenringnetworkandthatofFDDIareclosetotheirthransmissionrate.

Latency

Thelatencyisthetimeapackettakesfromsitsarrivalatanetworkinterfaceuntilitreachesthedestinationnode.WeexplaininSection4.8thatthislatencyisalmostaiwayslessthanafractionofasecondandisoftenmuchsmaller.

WiringTypeandDistance

SomeLANsusetwistedwirepairs,othersuseopticalfibers,OlderLANsandinstallationsinspecialenvironmentsusecoaxialcables.ThemaximumlengthoftheconnectionsdependsontheLANandonthetechanology.Typicalvaluesare100mfortwistedpairsandafewkilometersformultimodefibers.

Security

Anopticalfiberismoredifficulttotapintothanatwistedpair,whichimprovesthe“physical”security.However,eavesdroppersrarelyneedtotapdirectlyintoalinktogainaccesstoinformation.AmorecommonattackistouseoneofthecomputersattachedontheLANandconfigureittoreadallthepacketsthattravelonthenetwork（thisiscalledsnooping）.Ifsensitivepiecesofinformationsuchasuserpasswordsaretransmittedintheclear（nonencrypted）,thentheeavesdropperobtainsentrypointsintocomputers.Asarule,aswitchedLANismoresecurethanasharedLANbecauseacomputeronsuchanetworkseesonlythepacketsintendedforit.

Reliability

Wedependincreasinglyonnetworks.Accordingly,reliabilitybecomesmoreessential.Aswementionedintheopeningremarksofthischapter,FDDAisdesignedtosurvivealinkornodefailure.AnEthernetkeepsonworkingwhensomeofitsnodesorlinksfail.Atokenringnetworkcanbewiredwithbypasselectronicstohaveasimilarreliability.

NetworkDevices

Text

Therearemanytypesofmediaforthenetwork,andeachonehasadvantagesanddisadvantages.Oneofthedisadvantagesofthetypeofcablethatweprimarilyuse（CAT5UTP）iscablelength.ThemaximumlengthforUTPcableinanetworkis100meters（approximately333feet）.Ifweneedtoextendournetworkbeyondthatlimit,wemustaddadevicetoournetwork.Thisdeviceiscalledarepeater.

Thetermrepeatercomesfromtheearlydaysofvisualcommunication,whenamansituatedonahillwouldrepeatthesignaltothepersononthehilltohisright.Italsocomesfromtelegraph,telephone,microwave,andopticalcommunications,allofwhichuserepeaterstostrengthentheirsignalsoverlongdistances,orelsethesignalswilleventuallyfadeordieout.

Thepurposeofarepeaterisregenerateandretimenetworksignalsatthebitleveltoallowthemtotravelalongerdistanceonthemedia.WatchoutfortheFourRepeaterRulefor10MbpsEthernet,alsoknownasthe5-4-3Rule,whenextendingLANsegments.Thisrulestatesthatyoucanconnectfivenetworksegmentsend-to-endusingfourrepeatersbutonlythreesegmentscanhavehosts（computers）onthem.

Thetermrepeatertraditionallymeantasingleport“in”andasingleport“out”device.Butincommonterminologytodaythetermmultiportrepeaterisoftenusedaswell.RepeatersareclassifiedasLayer1devicesintheOSImodel,becausetheyactonlyonthebitlevelandlookatnootherinformation.Thesymbolforrepeatersisnotstandardized.

Thepurposeofahubistoregenerateandretimenetworksignals.Thisisdoneatthebitleveltoalargenumberofhosts（e.g.4,8,oreven24）usingaprocessknownasconcentration.Youwillnoticethatthisdefinitionisverysimilartotherepeater’s,whichiswhyahubisalsoknownasamulti-portrepeater.Thedifferenceisthenumberofcablesthatconnecttothedevice.Tworeasonsforusinghubsaretocreateacentralconnectionpointforthewiringmedia,andincreasethereliabilityofthenetwork.Thereliabilityofthenetworkisincreasedbyallowinganysinglecabletofailwithoutdisruptingtheentirenetwork.Thisdiffersfromthebustopologywherehavingonecablefailwilldisrupttheentirenetwork.HubsareconsideredLayer1devicesbecausetheyonlyregeneratethesignalandbroadcastitoutalloftheirports（networkconnections）.

E-commerce（ElectronicCommerce,isabbreviatedasE-commerce）employsthewayonthebasisofthebrowser/serverundertheenvironmentofInternet'sopennetwork,realizeconsumers'onlineshopping,onlinetradebetweenthetradecompaniesandanewkindofcommercialoperationmodespaidbymailsonline.E-commerceonInternetcanbedividedintothreerespects:

Informationservice,tradeandpaying.Themaincontentincludes:

Electronicmarketconditionsadvertisement;Theelectronischosenandexchangeoftrade,electronictradeevidence;Payingbymailsandsettlingaccountandonlineserviceaftersale,etc..Themaintradetypeistrade（C2C）oftrade（B2B）andindividualandman-to-manbetbetweenenterprisesandpersonaltrade（B2C）andenterprise,etc..JSP（JavaServerPage）isthatdynamicWebbasedonthatJavahasnothingtodobutwiththeplatformdevelopstechnology,thereisveryhighoperationalefficiency,developmentperiodisshorter,itisstrongertoexpandability,haveopening,steptheplatform,expandabilityandreusablecharacteristic.JAVABEANiskindofakindofJava,becomethroughencapsulatingandhaveacertainfunctionortargetofdealingwithacertainbusiness,canvisitBeanandmethodinJSPpageJavacodeinsidethroughinlaying.TheonlinemobilephonestoreisaWEBapplicationprogrambasedonthatJSP/JAVABEANtechnologysetsup,divideinto2partsofgoodsshowofthefrontdeskandsale,back-stagemanagement,ItisakindoftypicalB2Ce-commercemode,realizethemainfunctionofe-commerce.

"Theelectroniccommerce21centuryeconomygrowsengine",Itnotonlyinonmicroscopicaffectstheenterprisethemanagementbehaviorandconsumer'sexpensebehavior,moreoverfromonmacroscopicwillaffecttheinternationaltraderelationsandthecountryfuturethecompetitiveability.Thisarticleinviewoftheelectroniccommerceinourcountrydevelopmentpresentsituation,hasanalyzedthequestionwhichexistsinthedevelopment,proposedthecorrespondingsolutionandthesuggestion,accordingtothephysicalresource,thefinancialresourceandthetalentedpersondevelopsourcountryelectroniccommerce,explorestheChinaelectroniccommercedevelopmentpath.

Herenowadaysdevelopstheconditionandthetendencytwoaspectsfromtheelectroniccommerceconnotationandthecharacteristicaswellastheelectroniccommerceoutlinestheelectroniccommerce,bywillhavethedirect-viewingunderstandingandtheunderstandingtotheelectroniccommerce.Makesthebriefreviewafterwardstoourcountryelectroniccommercedevelopingprocess,fromaspectandsoonenvironmentcondition,professionandlocalconditionmakesthemultianalysistoourcountryelectroniccommercedevelopmentpresentsituationandindicatestheelectroniccommerceinourcountryforeigntradestatusandthefunction,analyzesquestionwhichexistsinthedevelopment,likelacksinthestrategicplanandthepolicysupportisinsufficient,thecorrespondinglegallawsandregulationsstandardstandardlagandsoon.Finallyaimsatthequestiontoproposethecountermeasureandthesuggestion,includinggovernmentcountermeasureandtoenterprise,individualrequestandsoon,andtheforecastforecastelectroniccommercedevelopmenttendencyandthedirection,canplaythecertainimpetusrolebythetimetoourcountryelectroniccommercehealthdevelopment.

abstract]thisarticlewithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerintheoutlineelectroniccommercerightofprivacyanditsintheprotectionquestionfoundation,discussedintheelectroniccommercetherightofprivacywithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerconflictquestion,thenproposedthesolutiontwoconflictprincipleandthemeans.[Keyword]theelectroniccommercerightofprivacyknowsthecircumstancesofthematterthepowerTheelectroniccommerceisonekindofbrand-newcommercialmechanismwhichunderthewholeworldeconomicintegrationbackgroundproduces,hasthehighefficiency,boundlesscharacteristicandsoon,doesnothavetimelimitandlowcost,receivestheglobalvariouscountriesgovernmentandtheenterprisewidelytakes,hasbecomeatthebeginningofforthe21stcenturyoneofglobaleconomybiggestgrowth.Theelectroniccommercehashadthehugeimpacttothepresentlegalsystem,ifthisarticleisgoingtodiscusstherightofprivacyandknowsthecircumstancesofthematterthepoweralwaysisapairofoppositionlegalsciencecategory,theyhaverepresentedthedifferentaspectspiritualbenefit,butininformationtimeelectroniccommerce,thesetwokindofrightsconflictthenismoreprominent,thereforewehavethenecessitywithtoknowthecircumstancesofthematterthepowertointheelectroniccommercerightofprivacytocarryonthediscussion,andattemptstoseekthecoordinatedtwoconflictthemeans.In1electroniccommerceprivacyanditsprotection

（1）inelectroniccommercerightofprivacyanditscontent.Therightofprivacyisthenaturalpersonenjoystoitsindividual,individualinformation,thepersonalactivit