专业四级听力原文.docx
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专业四级听力原文
NaturalResources
Throughthechangesinthewaysofmakingalivinginafamilyoverseveralgenerations,thecartoonaimsatsoundingawarningagainstman’swastefuluseofnaturalresourcesandemphasizingtheurgentneedtopreservetheseresources.
Eversincemanappearedontheearth,man’ssurvivalhasbeenheavilydependentonnature.Almosteverythingweuseinoureverydaylifecomesfromnature,rangingfromthefoodweeat,thewaterwedrink,tothewoodwhichisturnedintofurniture.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandpopulationgrowth,theamountandrangeofmaterialsusedhasincreasedatanalarmingrate.
However,naturalresourcesarenotinexhaustible.Somereservesarealreadyonthebrinkofexhaustionandthereisnohopeofreplacingthem.Thewidespreadwatershortageisanexampleinpoint.Ifmancontinuedtosquandernaturalresourceswithnothoughtforthefuture,thewholeworldwouldbeinamess.
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
1.makealiving谋生
2.aimat瞄准
3.aimhigh胸怀大志
4.alarming使人惊动的
5.inexhaustible无穷无尽的
6.squander浪费
7.beinamess乱七八糟
HouseandHome
“House”and“home”aretwowordsthathavesimilarmeanings.
“House”and“home”bothrefertoplaceswherepeoplelive.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthem.“Home”isoftenreferredtoastheplacethatweliveinwithourfamilies.Sadly,inoursociety,peoplecanhardlydistinguishahomefromahousebecausetheyoftenseenodifferencebetweenthem.Thisconfusioncanbetracedbacktotheindifferencebetweenfamilymembers.Therefore,wecansaythatloveisanimportantfactorinahome.Ahomeisashelter,notonlyforourbodiesbutalsoforourminds.Wheneverwearedepressed,wecangohomeforcomfort.Everyoneinthefamilywilldohisbesttotakecareofeachotherandsharetheirhappinessaswellassorrow.Withoutlove,ahomeismerelyahousewherelonelinessisallthatcanbefound.Andahousecanneverbeahomeunlessthereislove.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
1.referto提到
2.distinguish区别,辨别
3.confusion混乱,混淆
4.traceback追溯到
5.indifference不关心
6.depressed沮丧的
Automobiles
Itisimpossibletosaythatanyonemaninventedtheautomobile.Manyindividualslivingandworkingindifferentcountriesandatdifferenttimescontributedtoitsdevelopment.Manyofthediscoveriesthatwentintothecreationoftheautomobileweresmallinthemselves.Buttogethertheywereimportant.Herearetwoexamples.
“Carriageisrunningataspeedof8to9milesanhour.”Itwasalmostunheardofinthosedays.Accordingtoautomobilehistorians,thiswasthefirstpracticaluseofmechanicalpowertomoveavehicle.Afteritsfirstrun,themachinereportedlyburnedupwhiletheinventorandhisfriendswerecelebratingitssuccessatapub.
HenryFordisconsideredthefatherofmodernautomobilesmassproduction.HisfamousModel-Tcar,becauseofitslowprice,madeitpossibletoproducecarsonalargescaleandhiseffortsmadeitaccessibletoordinarypeople.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
1.reportedly据传说,据传闻
2.massproduction大规模生产
3.onalargescale大规模地
4.accessible易接近的,可到达的
accessibleto与……接近
TheInfluenceofLife
Intheearlytimeswhenhumanbeingshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsastheotherloweranimalsdid.
Whentheylearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfuel,theycutdowntrees.Theyalsoburnedclearingsinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumanbeingsfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Fireprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchassettingupfamilies,formingsocietiesandfoundingcities.
UsefulwordsandExpressions:
1.interactwith与……组合
2.clearing空旷地
3.grazing放牧,牧草
4.domestication驯养,驯服
5.previously先前,以前
6.inedible不能吃的,不适于食用的
7.pursuit追击
8.setup设立
PopulationGrowth
Itiswell-knownthattherehasbeenadrasticincreaseinworldpopulation.Butitisprobablyleswell-knownthattheextinctionrateofwildlifespeciesisexperiencingaparalleltrend.
TaketheUnitedStatesforinstance.In1990,U.S.populationreachedanunprecedentedlevelof250million,whichisapproximately250timesofthatof1800.Ontheotherhand,wildlifespeciesaredisappearingfromthecountryatanalarmingrate.By1990,about70wildlifespecieswouldneverbeseeninU.S.Wearefullyjustifiedindeclaringthattheexplosivepopulationgrowthhashadanadverseeffectonthesurvivalofwildlifespeciesandwillbeaconstantthreattothewildliferesourcesifnoimmediateactionsaretaken.
Nothinghaseverequaledthemagnitudeandspeedwithwhichthehumanspeciesisalteringthephysicalandchemicalworld.Ithasbeendemolishingtheenvironmentwearelivingin.
Usefulwordsandexpressions:
1.drastic激烈的
2.parallel平行的
3.trend倾向
4.unprecedented空前的
5.magnitude大小,数量
6.alter改变
7.demolish毁坏
Don’tgiveup
Ifwewouldeveraccomplishanythinginlife,letusnotforgetthatwemustpersevere.Ifwewouldlearnourlessonsinschool,wemustbediligentandnotgiveupwheneverwecometoanythingdifficult.Weshallfindmanyofourlessonsveryhard,butletusconsiderthatthehardertheyarethebettertheywilldotousifwewillpreserveandlearnthemthoroughly.
Buttherearesomeamonguswhoarereadytogiveupwhentheycometoahardexampleinmathematics,andsay,“Ican’tdothis.”Theyneverwilliftheyfeelso.“Ican’t”neverdoesanythingworthwhile,but“I’lltry”accomplisheswonders.
Letusrememberthatweshallmeetwithdifficultiesallthroughlife.Theyareinthepathwayofeveryone.Ifwewillonlytryandkeeptrying,weshallbesuretoconquerandovercomeverydifficultywemeet.
OurConcern
Thehistoryoflifeonearthhasbeenahistoryofinteractionbetweenlivingthingsandtheirsurroundings.Toalargeextent,thephysicalformandthehabitsoftheearth’svegetationanditsanimallifehavebeenmoldedbytheenvironment.Onlyinthepresentcenturyhasonespeciesofmanacquiredsignificantpowertoalterthenatureofhisworld.
Therapidityofchangefollowsthepaceofmanratherthanthepaceofnature.Radiationisnowtheunnaturalcreationofman’stamperingwiththeatom.Thechemicalsarethecreationsofman’sinventivemind,havingnocounterpartsinnature.
Wehaveputpoisonousandbiologicallypotentchemicalsintothehandsofpersonslargelyignorantoftheirpotentialsforharm.Wehavesubjectedenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththeseenormousnumbersofpeopletocontactwiththesepoisons,withouttheirconsentandoftenwithouttheirknowledge.Wehaveallowedthesechemicalstobeusedwithlittleornoadvanceinvestigationoftheireffect.Futuregenerationsareunlikelytoforgiveourlackofconcern.
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
1.interaction交互作用,交感
2.vegetation植被
3.mold塑造,浇铸
4.species种类
5.unnatural不自然的
6.temperwith损害,影响
7.counterpart配对物
8.poisonous有毒的
9.potent有力的,有效的
10.consent同意,赞成
Sleep
Whyisitsodifficulttofallasleepwhenyouareovertired?
Thereisnooneanswerthatappliestoeveryindividual.Itispossibletofeel“tired”physicallyandstillbeunabletofallasleep,becausewhileyourbodymaybeexhausted,youdonotfeelsleepy.Itisnotsoeasytosimply“turnoff”.
Lackofsleepcomplicatesmattersevenmore.Expertssayadultsneedatleastseventoeighthoursofsleepanighttofunctionproperly.Whenyougetlesssleepthanthatonconsecutivethreenights,youbegintoaccruefour“sleepdebt”.Assleepdebtincreasesyourbodyexperiencesastressresponse.Nowaviciouscyclehasbeencreated:
Youexperiencethefeelingofbeingmoreandmoretired,butyourbodyisincreasinglystimulated.“Powersleeping”formorehoursonweekendsisonlyatemporarysolution.Thereisnosubstituteforgettingagoodnight’ssleeponaregularbasis.
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
1.overtire使过度疲劳
2.applyto将……应用于
3.consecutive连续的,连贯的
4.accrue自然增加,产生
5.vicious恶的
viciouscycle恶性循环
6.stimulate刺激,激励
7.substitutefor代替……,替换……
ApologyHelps
Itisnevereasytoadmityouareinthewrong.Beinghuman,weallneedtoknowtheartofapologizing.Lookbackwithhonestyandthinkhowoftenyouhavejudgedroughly,yousaidunkindthings,andpushedyourselfaheadattheexpenseofafriend.Thencounttheoccasionswhenyouindicatedclearlyandtrulythatyouweresosorry.Abitfrightening,isn’tit?
Itisfrightening,isn’tit?
Itisfrighteningbecausesomedeepwisdominusknowsthatwhenevenasmallwronghasbeencommitted,somemysteriousmoralfeelingisdisturbed;anditstaysoutofbalanceuntilfaultisacknowledgedandregretexpressed.
Aheartfeltapologycannotonlyhealadamagedrelationshipbutalsomakeitstronger.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhodeservesanapologyfromyou,someoneyouhavewronged,orjudgedtooroughly,orjustneglected,dosomethingaboutitrightnow.
UsefulWordsandExpressions:
1.pushahead捉紧进行
2.attheexpenseof在损害……的情况下
3.mysterious神秘的
4.moral道德的
5.disturbed扰乱的
6.stayoutof不参与……,置身于……之外
7.heartfelt衷心的,真心真意的
8.roughly粗糙地,概略地
HowHighCanYouJump?
Fleastrainershaveobservedastrangehabitoffleaswhiletrainingthem.
Fleasaretrainedbyputtingtheminacardboardboxwithatoponit.Thefleaswilljumpupandhitthetopofthecardboardboxoverandoverandoveragain.Asyouwat