商务英语翻译翻译技巧与文化交流的综合体.docx
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商务英语翻译翻译技巧与文化交流的综合体
ABSTRACT
BusinessEnglishTranslation:
ACompositeofTranslationStrategies
andCulturalCommunication
JiaJing
Alongwiththefastdevelopmentoftheglobalbusiness,Englishhasbeenacceptedas
acommonbusinesslanguagearoundtheworld,andBusinessEnglishhasdrewmore
andmoreattentionfromthelinguists.Asarelativelynewacademicsubject,Business
Englishhasitsspecialcharacteristics.Accordingly,thetranslationofBusinessEnglsih
isdifferentfromthetranslationsofotherliteraryforms.Thispaperwilldiscussabout
thestylisticcharacteristicsofBusinessEnglish,techniquesinBusinessEnglish
translation,andtheculturalelementsinfluencingBusinessEnglish.
摘要
随着全球商业的飞速发展，英语已成为了世界性的商业语言，而商务英语也引起
了语言学家越来越多的注意。
作为一个较新的学术课题，商务英语具有其特殊性。
相应地，商务英语翻译也与其他文学形式的翻译有不同之处。
本论文将讨论商务
英语的文体特点、商务英语翻译的技巧、以及影响商务英语的文化因素。
KeyWords:
businessEnglish,translation,stylisticcharacteristics,translation
teqhniques,culture,communication.
关键词:
商务英语，翻译，文体特点，翻译技巧，文化，交流。
Acknowledgements
IwouldliketotakethischancetothankProfessorWangSongtao,forhisvaluable
help,patienceandencouragement.AlsoIwouldliketothankMr.JeromeVanachter
andMs.ZhuXiulanfortheirgreathelpandsupportduringmywork,andeveryone
whoprovidesmewithvaluablematerials.
TableofContents
ChapterOne
STYLISTICCHARACTERISTICSOFBUSINESSENGLISH…………………………………………………………1
1.1IntroductionofStylisticCharacteristicsofBusinessEnglish………………………………………….1
1.2CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishatLexicalLevel………………………………………………………..2
1.2.1Businessterms…………………………………………………………………………………………………………2
1.2.2Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.2.3Archaismsandthosefromotherlanguages……………………………………………………4
1.3CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishatSyntacticLevel……………………………………………………6
1.3.1PrescriptiveBusinessEnglish……………………………………………………6
1.3.1.1Statementandfullsentence……………………………………………………7
1.3.1.2Adverbials…………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
1.3.1.3Longsentences..............................……………………………………………………...................……8
1.3.2Englishusedinbusinesscommunication............…………………………………………..............……9
1.3.2.1Shortersentences…………………………………………………………………………………………10
.3.2.2Periodicsentences…………………………………………………………………………………………10
.3.2.3Positivesentences……………………………………………………………………………………………11
1.4CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishatTextualLevel……………………………………………………12
ChapterTwoBUSINESSENGLISHTRANSLATION……………………………………………………17
2.1BusinessEnglishTranslation..........………………………………………………………………………17
2.1.1LimitedcurrentstudiesofBusinessEnglishtranslation...……，……18
2.2SomeFeasibleTheoriesofBusinessEnglishTranslation..............……19
2.2.1Functionalism...........................................................……19
2.2.2Intertextuality.....................................……。
...............……21
2.2.2.1Intertextualityofgenre........................................……22
2.2.2.2Intertextualityintopicandstructure.........................……24
2.3StrategiesandTechniquesforBusinessTranslation.......................……25
2.3.1Additionandamplification.........................................……26
2.3.1.1Addingthesubject...............................................……27
2.3.1.2Addingtheobject...............................................……27
2.3.1.3Addingtheconjunction.........................................……27
2.3.1.4Addingthepreposition.........................................……28
2.3.2Reiteration..........................................……‘..............……28
2.3.3Avoidingrepetition.....................................................……29
2.3.4Omission.……‘.........................................................……31
2.3.5Combination.............................................................…...34
2.3.5.1Combiningwords..............................................……34
2.3.5.2Combiningsentencesorclauses..............................……35
2.3.6Inversion...........................................................……36
2.3.6.1AdverbialsandAdverbialClauseofCondition............……36
2.3.6.2Postmodifiers..................................................……38
2.3.6.3Sentencesintroducedby"it"..................................……39
2.3.6.4Sentencesintroducedby"should"............................……40
ChapterThree
BUSTNESSENGLISHISACARRIEROFCULTURE.........................…...41
3.1WhatisCulture…………………………………………..41
3.2TranslationDifficultiesResultingfromCultureDifferences...........……42
3.2.1Culture-loadedtermsmayhavenoequivalents
inthetargetlanguage...................................................……42
3.2.2Culture-loadedtermswithdifferentassociativemeanings......……42
3.3PrinciplesinCross-CultureBusinessEnglishTranslation................…...43
3.3.1Explorationofprinciples..……，.....................................…...43
3.3.2"Faithfulnesstothecontentofthesourcelanguage"..............……44
3.3.3CulturaladaptationinFunctionalEquivalenceTheory............……44
3.3.4Adaptionofgenre.......................................................…...45
3.4BusinessCultureandIntelligibilityoftheReader...............................45
3.5Cross-CulturalElementsinBusinessTranslation.........................……46
3.5.1Cross-cultureelementsinfluencingbusinesscommunication....…...47
3.5.1.1Understandingofmaterialobjects........................……，…47
3.5.1.2Understandingofcolors........................................…...47
3.5.1.3Understandingofnumbers....................................……48
3.5.2Handlingtheculturalelements
inBusinessEnglishtranslation
3.6TranslationinBusinessActivities............................................……49
3.6.1Impactsofculturaldifferences
oninternationalbusinessnegotiation................................……50
3.6.1.1.Introductionofbusinessnegotiation..……，..……，.......……50
3.6.1.2.Culturalimpactsbusinessnegotiation........................……50
3.7TranslationinLogoandAdvertisements..........……。
..................……52
ChapterFourCONCLUSION....................................................……54
ChapterOne
STYLISTICCHARACTERISTICSOFBUSINESSENGLISH
Inthelasttwodecades,BusinessEnglishhasattractedincreasinginterestand
awareness.BusinessEnglishcoursesareofferedbymanylanguageschools
worldwide;therearemoreandmorebooksaboutBusinessEnglish;newtypesof
BusinessEnglishexaminationsappearallthetime.Yetdespitethisenormousinterest,
BusinessEnglishisanareaoftenneglectedbymanytraditionallinguisticresearchers,
forthedifficultytodefineitsnature.
BusinessEnglishmustbeseenintheoverallcontextofEnglishforSpecificPurposes
（ESP）,asitsharestheimportantelementsofneedsanalysis,syllabusdesign,course
design,andmaterialsselectionanddevelopmentwhicharecommontoallfieldsof
workinESP.AswithothervarietiesofESP,BusinessEnglishimpliesthedefinition
ofaspecificlanguagescorpusandemphasisonparticularkindsofcommunicateina
specificcontext.
However,BusinessEnglishdiffersfromothervarietiesofESPinthatitisoftenamix
ofspecificcontent（relatingtoaparticularareaorindustry）andgeneralcontent
（relatingtogeneralabilitytocommunicatemoreeffectivelyinbusinesssituations）.
TheexistedrigorouslinguisticanalysisonBusinessEnglishisfragmentedandis
morefrequentlybasedontheexplicitformsofbusinesslanguagessuchascontracts,
correspondence,annualreports,andarticlesinbusinessjournals.Therearealsosome
analysishavebeencarriedoutwithrespecttothelessexplicitbusinesslanguagesuch
asofnegotiations,discussions,andmeetings,whichcarrymorecultural
characteristics;however,theanalysisisstillfarfromcomprehensive.
ThispaperwilldiscussintheexplicitformsofBusinessEnglish,whichdistinguishes
initsstylisticcharacteristics,andalsointhelessexplicitformsofBusinessEnglish,
whichcarriesmoreculturalcharacteristicsincommunication.
1.1IntroductionofStylisticCharacteristicsofBusinessEnglish
InBusinessEnglish,languagestylisticcharacteristicsshouldbefirstlypaidattention
infulfillingtheproperfunctions.ItisnecessarytotakethesestylisticfeaturesintoaccountwhendealingwithBusinessEnglishTranslation.SinceBusinessEnglishis
categorizedasESP,ithasitsdistinctcharacteristicsfromotherkindsofEnglish
LanguagesuchasliteraryEnglish.BusinessEnglishhasitsspecialfeatures,whichare
commonlyknownassevenCsinBusinessEnglishwriting,whichare"Completeness,
Concreteness,Clearness,Conciseness,Courtesy,ConsiderationandCorrectness".
However,inordertoprovideamorespecificandpracticalresearch,thispaperwill
analyzethecharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishonthelexical,syntacticandtextual
levels.
1.2CharacteristicsofBusinessEnglishonLexicalLevel
1.2.1Businessterms
Businesstermsareoftenusedtoexpresscertainspecificfunctionsinbusiness
translationsandexplainallkindsofclausesandconditions.Thesewordsthushave
certainspecialmeaningrelatingtobusinessbesidesitsusualmeaningspeopleget
usedto.Theybecomeidiomaticinthebusinessfieldandtendtobecalledbusiness
termsafterrepeatedapplications.Thesebusinesstermsconstitutethemajorityof
specialEnglish.
BusinesstermscomefromordinaryEnglish.However,alotofthemhavechanged
theirmeaningsduringtheprocessoflanguagedevelopment.Forexample,
"acceptance"asacommonwordindailyEnglish,means"Theactorprocessof
acceptingandapproval";butinbusinesstransactions,itisaformalindicationbya
debtorofwilli
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