石蜡铸造工艺Paraffin casting process.docx

石蜡铸造工艺Paraffin casting process.docx

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石蜡铸造工艺Paraffincastingprocess

石蜡铸造工艺（Paraffincastingprocess）

Thelostwaxcastingprocesswasdevelopedfromancientcastingprocess.Morethan5000yearsagointhelateNeolithicperiod,theancientChinesecraftsmeninthemanufactureofbronze,widelyusedlostwaxcastingprocess.Atthetimeofthecraftsmenaccordingtothecharacteristicsofplasticityandheatvolatilebeeswax,beeswaxfirstcarvedwaxtoshape,andthenwrappedinwaxandclayandsetasideasmallhole,dryafterroasting,thewaxandclaygasificationvolatilization,hasbecomeaceramicshell,theinnerwalloftheshellleftfemalemoldwax.Atthistime,themoltenmetalisinjectedintotheshellalongasmallhole,andthentheshellisbrokenaftercoolingtoobtaintherequiredmetalblank.Thebasicprincipleisasmodernlostwaxcastingtechnology,butmoresophisticated.Thisismainlyreflectedinthemorestringentrequirementsofaccuratewaxtype.Getthewaxinmoderntechnologynotonlydirectlycarvedonwax,butalsothroughthemetalmold（originalversion）siliconemoldingdieisobtained,andthenthewaxwaxinjectionaftersilicageldie.Castingmaterialisnolongerclay,insteadofcastinggypsum.Suchproductsaremuchfinerthanthoseofancientones.

Lostwaxcastingprocessare:

plasticmold-plasticmoldpressing-waxinjection（mold）-dressingwax（weldingwax）,ash（weighing）-filling-vacuum-tubegypsumgypsumplaster,gypsum,naturalsolidificationbakingandcastingmoltengold-friedplasterandflushing,pickling,cleaning（weighing）-Blank（shearingrollinglight）.Eachprocessisdescribedbelow.

I.pressinggluemould

Theadhesiveusedformakingrubbermouldisrubbersheetwithadhesiveonbothsides.Generaluseofimportedfilm,Castaldocardformore.Oneofthepriceisrelativelylow,becausefeweringredientscontainedinnaturalrubber,vulcanizedhardnessisslightlylarger,butthedietimeisshort,suitableforoperationinexperiencedmolddivision;anotherslightlyhigherprices,withnaturalrubbermorefully,softtexture,fulloftoughness,suitableformorecomplex,inthepatternshapesmallsizeandobviousconcavesilverversionofdie,noteasytobreakinwhenremovethewaxwax.

Thestorageofrawfilmsshouldbekeptunderthecontrolofthestoragetemperatureof20degreesCelsius.Generally,theycanbestoredforoneyearandstoredat0~5degreesCelsiusfor2~3years.

Inaddition,theutilitymodelalsohasarubbermoldwhichismadeintoaseriesofsizesandthicknessesinadvance,andtheinnerwallisprovidedwithconvexandconcaveconnectingfeet,andtheutilitymodelisconvenienttouse.

Theapparatusforpressingdiesisa（vulcanizing）pressmoldingmachine,anditsmaincomponentsconsistoftwoheatingplateswithinternallivewireandtemperaturesensitivedevice,athermostat,andatimer（somemodelsdonothavesuchadevice）.Diemachineisalsoequippedwithliftingscrew,usedfordieandtakeout.

Matchedwiththepressdieframe,accordingtothenumberofholes,itcanbedividedintosingleplate,doubleplate,fourplateandsoon.Thematerialformakingdieframeisusuallyaluminumalloy.Thesizeofthegeneraldieframeis48mm*73mm,andsometimestheheavydieframeisusedtopressthelargeroriginal.Thesizeisusually64mm*95mm.

Gluemouldseemssimple,infact,therearemanydetailsmustpayattentionto.Ensurethedieframeandthefilmstudentsmustfirstclean,shouldasfaraspossiblewilldiediebeforetheboxclean,washhandsandworkstationoperator;secondlytoensurebetweentheoriginalandnotrubberadhesion,todothis,weshouldgiveprioritytotheuseofsilver,ifitshouldbecoatedwithsilvercoatedafterthedie,becauseitiseasytobondwithrubberadhesiontogether;againistopayattentiontoaccordingtothespecificcircumstancestodeterminethepropercuringtemperatureandtime,whichnotonlyaccordwithacertainfunction,butalsothecomplexityandrubbermoldthickness,lengthandwidth,theoriginal,usuallywilldiethetemperatureis150degreesCelsius,iftherubbermoldthicknessinthe3layer（about10mm）,thegeneralcuringtimeis20~25minutes,ifitis4layer（about13mm）,thecuringtimeis30~35minutes......Inturn,thetemperatureatthesametimeisalsorelatedtothecomplexityoftheoriginal:

iftheoriginaliscomplexandsmall,thevulcanizationtemperatureshouldbereduced,

Prolongthecuringtime（ifsomemasterusesthemethodofreducingthetemperature10degreesandprolongingthetimetwice）,ontheotherhand,ifthetemperatureistoohigh,itwillaffecttheeffectofthedie.

Thequalityofthediedependsonthequalityofthepressedtemplate.Ingeneral,studentsshouldfirstmakethefilmtotightlybondingtogether,mustensurethefilmcleanfirst,donothandindirectcontactwiththesurfaceofthefilm,andthefilmshouldbebornstickandthentornofftheprotectivefilmonthesurfaceoffilmstudents.Toensurethatthereisnogapbetweentherubberandtheoriginal.Inthelandfillrubbershouldbecareful,especiallyforsomesmallflowersandstoneinlayandotherfinebottomsidepores,mustbefilledwithbrokensmallparticles,withsharpobjects（suchasforcepstippressure）.Inordertoavoidtherubbermoldpressingtoohard,rubbershouldbeburiedinlandfillinthesamedirection.

Inordertoensurethefilmcanbeusedinaconsiderableperiodoftime,shouldmaketherubbermoldwithsufficientthickness,thereforearubbermoldshoulduseatleast3layersofrubberpress.Therubberlaminatedrubbermoldshouldbegoodaftertheoriginaloverallisslightlylargerthanthedieframe,i.e.widthslightlylarger（canbeforcedintoadiebox）,rubbermoldthicknessinpressdieboxisslightlyhigherthantheplaneframeabout2mm.

Thediemustalsopayattentiontofirstpreheating,addmouldpressinghasgoodrubberbox,tightenthehandletomaketheheatingplatepressingdiebox,curingearlycanchecktheheatingplateispressed,thecuringtimearrivedquicklyremovetheplasticmold,thebestnaturalcooling（ofcourse,alsocanusecoldwatershowers）thatisnothot,youcanservehotwithasharpscalpeltoopenmodeofoperationofthe.

Twoplasticmold.

Plasticmoldisaveryhightechnologyinjewelryfactory,plasticmoldbecausedirectlyaffectsthequalityofthewaxandmetalblank,butalsodirectlyaffectthelifeofrubbermold.Skilledmastermoldoutoftheplasticmold,thewaxinjectionafterbasicallynodeformation,fracture,mantlephenomenon,basicallydonotneedtorepairweldingwax,wax,cansavealotoftimedressing,getahigherproductionefficiency.

Plasticmoldtoolusedisrelativelysimple,andwithascalpelblade,tweezers,scissors,pliersetc..Notethatbeginnersmustusenewbladeswhenusingthescalpelsothatitisnoteasytoscratchthefinger.Inthecuttingprocess,toensurethelubricationbetweenthebladeandthefilmmold,itcanbedippedinwaterordetergentontheblade（butneveroil,becausetheoilwillmakethemoldhardandcrisp）.Rubbermoldfourpositioningmethodisusuallyused,thatistosay,outoftheplasticmoldhasfourfeetofmutualagreementbetweenthefixedlegspartbylinearcutting,butalsotheuseofcuttingcurve.Thegeneralorderofmoldopening（takeringrubbermoldasanexample）isasfollows:

1）overtherubbermoldcoolingtoahotair,toflashcutwithscissors,withplierstakeXiashuikoublock,pulltoshell.

2）gluethemoldnozzleupstraight,fromthesideofthenozzledowntheknife,alongthefoursidesoftherubbermoldcenterlinecutting,thedepthof3~5mm（canbeadjustedaccordingtothesizeoftheplasticmold）,cutthefoursidesoftheplasticmold.

3）cutthefirstfootfromthefirstlowerknife.First,cuttwostraightedges,thedepthis3~5mm（canbeadjustedaccordingtothesizeofthegluemould）,andthenpullthestraightedgewhichhasbeencutandcutabevelalongthe45degreestoformarighttriangleshapefoot.Atthistime,thecutofthemoldshouldbeintwohalvesofthecorrespondingYin,Yangtrianglefeetmatcheachother.

4）accordingtothepreviousstepoftheoperation,cutouttheremainingthreefeet.

5）openedthefirstcutfoot,withabladesmoothlyalongthemidlineinwardcutting（ifcurvecuttingrulesshouldbeinaccordancewiththecurveofswingblade,adrawscalyorwavysection）,whilecuttingsidepulloutrubbermold,becarefulwhenapproachingthegateline,withthetipgentlyopentherubbermold.Anozzle.Thenoneendoftheouterringalongtheopenring,ringandinsertmouthuntil.

6）.Thisisaplasticmouldcutting,difficultandcomplexsteps.Ifthemainstoneisinlaidwithclaws,

Cuttingheadsshouldbecutalongtheaxis.Onthesideoftwoclawring,theouterendfacetotheothersideofthecuttingheadandcuttingtothenozzleposition,untilthe.Thegluemoldhasbeencutinhalf,butthesilverplatecannotberemoved.

7）rubberdiecuttinginsert,apart.Theintervalinthemainstoneonbothsidesandthesidestonemouth,cuttingtwoclawaxisalongthemainoutletofstonecut,theothertwojawsuntilsymmetrical;aresidualdirectionalongthemainoutletofstonecutting,cuttingjustintersectwiththesurface,sothatthemainstonemouthiszhilizhuang.Thencrossinthemainrootsoftheclawstoneandstoneinlaymouthmouthsideknife,tobecomethetwopart.Opencutsection,observewhetherbygluewire（usuallyelongatedhollowpartsidestonemouthoftheporeandflowerformation）,ifthereshouldbecutoff.

8）takeoffthesilverplate,andpayattentiontoobservetheadhesionbetweenthesilverplateandthegluemold,ifany,cutoff.

9）openthebottom.