完整word版英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit 1 The Earth at Risk听力原文.docx

完整word版英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit 1 The Earth at Risk听力原文.docx

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完整word版英语听力教程第三版张民伦主编Unit1TheEarthatRisk听力原文

Unit1TheEarthatRisk

PartⅠGettingready

environment：

环境

natural：

自然

globe：

地球

protecting：

保护

attempt：

尝试，打算，企图

Amazon/'

m

z

n/：

亚马逊

cutdown：

砍伐

burning：

烧荒

treeremoval：

砍树

TheWorldWildlifeFund：

世界野生动物基金会

rainforest：

雨林

towels：

毛巾

nylon：

尼伦，化纤

defrost：

去霜

boilaway：

煮干

cutout：

关掉

fullload：

满载

fridge：

冰箱

lighting：

灯（光）

iron：

熨斗；熨（衣服）

Rough-dry：

晾干（不熨）

kettle：

烧水壶

thermostat：

恒温（设置）器

brim：

壶口；注满

wallfire：

壁炉

ring：

（烧烤）环

grill：

烧烤架

satellite：

卫星

Theenvironmentisthenaturalworldofland,sea,air,plants,andanimalsthatexistsaroundtownsandcities.Sincethereisonlyoneglobewherewe'reliving,moreandmorepeoplehavecometorealizetheimportanceofprotectingthetotalglobalenvironment.

AThefollowingwordsandphraseswillappearinthisunit.Listencarefullyandstudythedefinitions.

1.viciouscircle：

asetofeventsinwhichcauseandeffect'followeachotherinacircularpattern

2.monsoonseason：

theseasonofheavyrainsthatfallinIndiaandneighboringcountries

3.hygiene：

thestudyandpracticeofhowtokeepgoodhealth,esp.bypayingattentiontocleanliness

4.accelerate：

（causeto）moveorgofaster

5.fossilfuel：

anynaturallyoccurringcarbonorhydrocarbonfuel,suchascoal,petroleum,peat,andnaturalgas,formedbythedecompositionofprehistoricorganisms

6.latitude：

ameasureofrelativepositionnorthorsouthontheEarth'ssurface,measuredindegreesfromtheequator,whichhasalatitudeof0°,withthepoleshavingalatitudeof90°northandsouth.

7.contamination：

theactofpollutingorthestateofbeingpolluted

8.hierarchy：

asysteminwhichpeopleorthingsarearrangedaccordingtotheirimportance

9.priority：

somethinggivenspecialorpriorattention

10.watershed：

aridgeofhighgroundformingadividebetweentwodifferentdrainagebasinsorriversystemsortheregionenclosedbysuchadivideanddrainingintoariver,riversystem,orotherbodyofwater.

BYouaregoingtohearashortspeech.Listencarefullyandwritedowntheenvironmentalissuesmentionedinthespeech.

burningoftheforests/treeremoval（deforestation）/reductionoftheworld'srainforests

Audioscript:

TheAmazonforestsaredisappearingbecauseofincreasedburningandtreeremoval.InSeptember,satellitepicturesshowedmorethan20000firesburningintheAmazon.Expertssaymostofthesefiresweresetbyfarmers.Thefarmerswereattemptingtoclearlandtogrowcrops.TheWorldWildlifeFundsaysanotherseriousproblemisthattoomanytreesintheAmazonrainforestarebeingcutdown.WorldWildlifeFundsaysthefiresshowtheneedforurgentinternationalactiontoprotecttheworld'srainforests.Thegroupwarnsthatwithoutsuchactionsomeforestscouldbelostforever.

Nowadaysenergyistooexpensivetowaste.Itcoststhecountry,andyou,toomuch.Whathaveyoudonetoconserveexistingenergyresources?

Herearesometipstohelpyouslimyourwaste—saveenergy.Alwaysrememberthatenergysenseiscommonsense.

C Nowlistentosomesimpletipstohelpyousaveenergy.Completethedosanddon'ts.

Dos

Don'ts

●Rough-dryyourtowelsandnylonthings.

●Cutoutunnecessarylighting.

●Dowithoutawall-fireifyoucan.

●Defrostthefridgeregularly.

●Beforeusingyourwashingmachine,waituntilyou'veafullload.

●Cookacompletemealintheovenandsaveitontheringsandgrill.

●Don'tattempttoironeverything.

●Don'tturntheironuptoohigh.

●Don'tleavethekettletoboilaway.

●Don'tfillthekettletothebrimforonlyacupoftea

●Don'tputhotfoodinthefridge.

Audioscript:

●Don'tattempttoironeverything.Rough-dryyourtowelsandnylonthings.Trustthethermostatonyouriron—don'tturnituptoohigh.

●Don'tleavethekettletoboilaway.Anddon'tfillittothebrimforonlyacupoftea!

●Cutoutunnecessarylighting.Everylittlehelps.

●Saveitonheating.Dowithoutawall-fireifyoucan.

●Defrostthefridgeregularly.Icebuild-upwastesfuel.Don'tputhotfoodineither—ifyoudo,thefridgehastoworkovertime.

●Itmakesenergysensetowaituntilyou'veafullloadbeforeusingyourwashingmachine.

●Cookacompletemealintheovenandsaveitontheringsandgrill.Roastchicken,veg,andbakedsweettofollow?

Italladdsup.Themoreenergyyousave,themoremoneyyousave.That'sgoodhousekeeping!

Whenwelistentotheweatherforecasts,weoftencomeacrosssometermsrelatedwiththeweather.Forexample,whatisacyclone?

Whatisahurricane?

Aretheythesame?

Hereistheexplanation.

DListentotheexplanationaboutdifferentweatherterms.Completetheinformationinthechart.

Name

Place

Time

Oceanstorm

Northernpartofworld;nearequator

Latesummerorautumn

Cyclone

NorthorsouthofequatorintheIndianOcean

/

Typhoon

WesternPacificOceanortheChinaSea

/

Hurricane

EasternPacificandAtlanticOcean

/

Audioscript:

Majoroceanstormsinthenorthernpartoftheworldusuallydevelopinlatesummerorautumnoverwatersneartheequator.Theyareknownbyseveraldifferentnames.ScientistscallthesestormscycloneswhentheyhappenjustnorthorsouthoftheequatorintheIndianOcean.InthewesternPacificOceanortheChinaSea,thesestormsarecalledtyphoons.IntheeasternPacificandAtlanticOcean,theyarecalledhurricanes.

PartIITheEarthatRisk（I）

choppeddown：

砍倒

nutrients：

养分，养料

instantly：

立即，马上

recycled：

回收利用

clear-cut：

砍光

soil：

土壤

driesup：

（晒）干

washesthesoilaway：

把土壤冲走

ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔaries：

纪录片

expand：

扩展

continent：

大陆

atrisk：

有危险

stabilize：

（使）稳定

impact：

冲击，撞击;影响

atanalarmingrate：

以惊人的速度

blowaway：

吹掉

theSaharaDesert：

撒哈拉沙漠（非洲北部）

unproductive：

不毛的;没有产物的

cutdown：

砍伐

consequently：

所以，因此

available：

可获得的

Mali：

马里

grasslands：

草原

intensive：

集约的；加强的

agriculture：

农业

intensiveagriculture：

集约农业

region：

地区

tropical：

热带

ranches：

大牧场

cattle：

牛，牲口;畜生

beraised：

饲养

export：

出口

tinnedmeat：

罐头肉

Brazil：

巴西

thesizeofBritainandFrancecombined：

大小是英法两国合起来

jungle：

丛林

anironoremine：

铁矿

hardwood：

硬木

luxuryfurniture：

豪华家具

domesticanimals：

家畜

firewood：

柴火;劈柴

viciouscircle：

恶性循环

makewayfor：

让路

convert：

（使）转变

plantspecies：

植物物种

rareplant：

珍稀植物

rainfall：

降雨

extinct：

灭绝的;绝种的

carbondioxide：

二氧化碳

oxygen：

氧

century：

世纪

interview：

采访

Doyouknowwhathappenstoarainforestwhenthetreesarechoppeddown?

About80%oftherainforestsnutrientscomefromtreesandplants.Thatleaves20%ofthenutrientsinthesoil.Thenutrientsfromtheleavesthatfallareinstantlyrecycledbackintotheplantsandtrees.Whenarainforestisclear-cut,conditionschangeveryquickly.Thesoildriesupinthesun.Whenitrains,itwashesthesoilaway.

AListentothefirstpartofaninterview.Notedownthekeywordsinthenotescolumn.Thenanswerthequestions.

Questions:

1.WhatistheviciouscirclementionedbyBrianCowles?

Morepeople——>.morefirewood——>fewertrees

{Moredomesticanimals—>moreplants—>feweravailableplants}—>

moredesert—>movesouth—>desertexpandingsouth—>nograss

2.Whyistherainsoimportanttosoil?

Growingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Butifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.

3.Whataresomeofthereasonsthattropicalforestsarebeingcutdown?

Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised,ortogethardwoodforexport,ortomakewayformines.

Audioscript:

I—InterviewerB—BrianCowles

I:

BrianCowlesistheproducerofanewseriesofｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔariescalled"TheEarthatRisk"whichcanbeseenonChannel4laterthismonth.Eachprogramdealswithadifferentcontinent,doesn'tit,Brian?

B:

That'sright.WewenttoAmerica,bothNorthandSouthandthenwewentovertoAfricaandSoutheastAsia.

I:

Andwhatdidyoufindineachofthesecontinents?

B:

StartingwithAfrica,ourfilmshowstheimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment.Generallyspeaking,thishascausedtheSaharaDeserttoexpand.It'sabitofaviciouscirclewefind.Peoplecutdowntreesforfirewoodandtheirdomesticanimalseatalltheavailableplants—andsoconsequentlytheyhavetomovesouthastheSaharaDesertexpandsfurthersouth.Imean,soonthewholeofMaliwillbecomeadesert.AndinEastAfrica:

herethegrasslandsaresupportingtoomanyanimalsandtheresultis,ofcourse,there'snograss—nothingfortheanimalstoeat.

I:

Isee.AndthenextfilmdealswithNorthAmerica?

B:

That'sright.IntheUSA,asyouknow,intensiveagriculturerequiresaplentifulsupplyofrainforthesecropstogrow,Imeanifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.Andgrowingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Thisisalsotrueforanyregionthatisintenselyfarmed—mostofEurope,forexample.

I:

AndwhatdidyoufindinSouthAmerica?

B:

InSouthAmerica（asinCentralAfricaandSouthernAsia）tropicalforestsarebeingcutdownatanalarmingrate.ThisisdonesothatpeoplecansupportthemselvesbygrowingfoodortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaisedtobeexportedtoEuropeorAmericaastinnedmeat.Theproblemisthatthesoilissopoorthatonlyacoupleofharvestsarepossiblebeforethisverythinsoilbecomesexhausted.Anditcan'tbefedwithfertilizerslikeagriculturallandinEurope.

Forexample,inBrazilin1982anareaofjunglethesizeofBritainandFrancecombinedwasdestroyedtomakewayforanironoremine.HugenumbersoftreesarebeingcutdownforexportashardwoodtoJapan,Europe,USAtomakethingslikeluxuryfurniture.Theseforestscan't