大学英语3第2次.docx

大学英语3第2次.docx

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大学英语3第2次

第2次作业

一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分）

1.

Prehistoricmenandwomenenjoyedamorevarieddietthanpeopledonow,sincetheyatespeciesofplantandseveralhundredsthousandstypesoflivingthings.Butonlyatinypercentageofthesewereeverdomesticated.Modernshopshavehastenedatrendtowardsspecializationwhichbeganintheearliestdaysofagriculture.Thefoodoftherichcountrieshasbecomecheaperrelativetowages.Itisspeedilydistributedinsupermarkets.Butthechoiceannuallybecomeslessandlessgreat.Evenindividualfoodsthemselvesbecomemorestandardized.Weliveintheworldofcarrotspeciallybluntedinordertoavoidmakingaholeinthebag,andthetomatogrowntomeetademandforastandardweightofweightingtomatoestoakilo.SirivonReisasks:

"Onlythethreemajorcereals（谷物类食物）andperhapstenotherwidelycultivatedspeciesstandbetweenfamineandsurvivalfortheworld'shumanpopulationandahandfulofdrugplantshasservedWesterncivilizationforseveralthousandyears.Aratherobviousquestionarises:

Arewemissingsomething"Afterall,thereare800000speciesofplantonearth.

（1）.Inprehistorictimespeople____.

A.atemuchmorethanwedotoday

B.livedmainlyonplantfood

C.hadawide-rangingdiet

D.weremorefussyaboutwhattheyate

（2）.

Mostofushavecometoexpect____.

A.

novariationinourdiet

B.areductioninfoodsupplies

C.aspecialistdiet

D.

foodconformingtoasetstandard

（3）.Thespecializationoffoodwasstartedby____.

A.theemergenceofsupermarkets

B.theriseofagriculture

C.therichcountries

D.themodernshops

（4）.

Accordingtothepassage,peopleintheWesttodaysurviveon____.

A.carrotsandtomatoes

B.severalthousandtypesofplantsandcereals

C.

averysmallnumberofcultivatedfoods

D.specialspeciesplantedonethousandyearsago

（5）.Theconclusionseemstobethatwe____.

A.

couldmakeuseofmorenaturalspecies

B.don'tcultivatetherightkindoffood

C.

producemorefoodthanweneed

D.

cultivatetoomanydifferentspecies

2.

humanbodyisdistributed（分布）intwodifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargechestandnowaistline（腰身）,lookingratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,lookingmorelikepears.

DoctorsinCambridge,Englandhavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfat（脂肪）distribution.Theyfindthatthepear-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthantheapple-shapedfatpeople.Whatseemstobemostimportantisnothowmuchfatyouhavebutwhereyouhaveit.Thedoctorsmeasuredtheapple-shapedwomenandpear--shapedwomenwithX-rayscanners（X光扫描器）.Humanbeingshavetwotypesoffat:

oneisoutsidefat,thatisthefatbelowtheskin,andtheotherisinsidefatthatliesinsidethebody.UsingtheX-rayscanners,thedoctorsfoundthatthe“apples”havealargeamountofinsidefat.

Ifthisinsidefatismuchmorethanoutsidefat,itwillprobablycausehealthproblemssuchasobesity（肥胖症）.Thebesttreatmentforobesityistoreducetheinsidefat.Butunfortunatelydiettreatment（饮食疗法）simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoeffectivewayofreducingtheinsidefat.

（1）.

Accordingtotherelationbetweenhealthandfatness_____________

A.

apple-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthanpear-shapedpeople

B.

it’sbettertobeapple-shapedthantobepear-shaped

C.

it’sbettertobepear-shapedthantobeapple-shaped

D.fatnessisthemostdangerousenemytohealth

（2）.Themostimportantthingaboutfatpeopleseemstobe___________.

A.

theamountoffattheyhave

B.

theknowledgeofwhichtypeofthefatpeopletheybelongto

C.

theamountoftheoutsidefattheyhave

D.

theplacewheretheyhavethefat

（3）.

Thebasicreasonwhysomepeoplesufferfromobesityisthat_______.

A.

theytakeverylittleexerciseeveryday

B.

theyhavemuchmoreinsidefatthanisneeded

C.

theyareexaminedbyX-rayscannersquiteoften

D.

theyeattoomuch

（4）.

Accordingtowhatismentionedinthepassage,thebesttreatmentforobesityatpresentis__________________.

A.

toreducetheamountoffoodanddrinks

B.

tomakethebodyshapesmaller

C.

alreadyknowntothosepeopleintrouble

D.

stilltobefound.

3.

UniversityofArizonaresearcherDr.WilliamRathjisaysthatafterastudybasedonlookingintogarbagecans,theaveragefamilywastesatleast$150peryearinfood.

"Homemakersgooutoftheirwaytosavepenniesatthestoreandthendon'trealizethatwasteofedible（可食用的）foodsaddsupmuchmoreathome,"saidDr.Rathji.Hewasoneofabout100foodexpertswhometinBoiseforaconferenceonfoodwasteandwaystopreventit.

Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween8%and20%ofediblefoodatacostof$billionperyear.That'salmostasmuchasthefederalgovernmentspendseveryyearforfoodstampsandchildnutritionprograms.

Hefoundthatfooditemswhicharecostlyandinshortsupplytendtobewastedmore.Duringthe1973meatshortage,meatwasteincreasedto9%,comparedwith3%in1974and1975.Sugarandsugarproductswastejumpedto19%in1975,whensugarpricesdoubledfromthepreviousyear.

Dr.Rathjitheorizesthathighpricesforceconsumerstoexperiment,sometimesbuyinlargequantities.Inthecaseofmeat,sometimeslow-pricedcutsforunappetizingvarietiesarepurchased,consumersthentendtowastemore.

Histheoryisthatthemorevarietyinfoodbought,themorewasted.Regularbreadiswastedatabouta10%rate,butspecialtybreadsandrollsarewastedata20%rate.

Ifpeopleareeatingthesamethingeveryday,theylearnhowtomanageit.Butifyou'retryingtopullsomethingoutofthecookbookeverynight,that'sboundtobesomewaste.

Anotherfindingisthatlowerincomefamilieswastelessfoodthanmiddleandupperincomefamilies.Andthestudyfoundthatdogfood,whichaccountsfor8%ofashoppingcart,israrelywasted.Freshproduceandfrozenitemsaremorelikelytobewasted.

Thestudyalsoshowedpeoplewiththemostknowledgeofsafe,ediblefoodwastetheleast.Muchfoodistossedoutbecauseahomemakersuspectsitisspoiledwhenitisnot.

（1）.

Largequantitiesoffoodarethrownoutbecauseahomemaker____.

A.

thinkstheyarenotdelicious

B.

saystheytastebitterandhot

C.thinkstheysmellbad

D.suspectstheyarespoiledwhentheyarenot

（2）.

Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween____ofediblefoodeveryyear.

A.5%～8%

B.

8%～10%

C.20%～28%

D.

8%～20%

（3）.

Whensugarpricesdoubled,wasteofsugar____.

A.

wentdown

B.wentup

C.

stayedthesame

D.wascutinhalf

（4）.

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue____

A.

Americanhousewivesarenotgoodhomemakers.

B.

Upper-incomefamiliesaremorewastefulthanlower-incomeones.

C.

Americanfamiliesthrowawayalmostasmuchfoodastheyconsume.

D.

Americanswasteagreatdealofdogfood.

（5）.

WhendoAmericanfamilieswastemorefood____

A.

Whenpricesarehigh.

B.Whenfoodisscarce.

C.

Whentheythinkitisspoiled.

D.Alloftheabove.

4.

HarvardUniversitynamedhistorianDrewGilpinFaustasitsfirstfemalepresidentonSunday,endingalengthyandsecretivesearchtofindasuccessor（接任者）toLawrenceSummers.

Theseven-memberHarvardCorporationelectedFaust,anotedscholaronHistoryoftheAmericanSouthanddeanofHarvard’sRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy,astheuniversity’s28thpresident.

“Thisisagreatday,andahistoricdayforHarvard.”JamesR.Houghton,chairmanofthepresidentialsearchcommittee,saidinastatement.“DrewFaustisaninspiringandaccomplishedleader,asuperbscholar,adedicated（献身的）teacher,andawonderfulhumanbeing.”

HerselectionisnoteworthygiventheheateddebatesoverSummers’commentsthatgeneticdifferencesbetweenthesexesmighthelpexplainthelackofwomenintopsciencejobs.

FausthasbeendeanofRadcliffesince2001,twoyearsaftertheformerwomen’scollegewascombinedintotheuniversityasaresearchcenterwithamissiontostudygenderissues（性别问题）.

Someprofessorshavequietlygrousedthatthe371-year-olduniversityisappointingafifthpresidentwhoisnotascientist.NoscientisthashadthetopjobsinceJamesBryantConantretiredin1953;itslastfourhavecomefromthefieldsofclassics,law,literatureandeconomics.

1,3,5

FaustisthefirstHarvardpresidentwhodidnotreceiveadegreefromtheuniversitysinceCharlesChauncy,agraduateofCambridgeUniversity,whodiedinofficein1762.SheattendedtheUniversityofPennsylvania.

“Teachingstaffturnedtoherconstantly.”saidSheldonHackney,aformerpresidentoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhistorianwhoworkedcloselywithFaust.“She’sveryclear.Shehasasenseofhumor,butshe’sverystrong-minded.Youcometotrustinherbecauseshe’ssosolid.”

（1）.

WhichisNOTtrueaboutDrewGilpinFaust

A.

Sheisthe28thpresidentofHarvardUniversity.

B.

SheisafamousscholarfromtheAmericanSouth.

C.

Sheisn’tagraduatefromHarvardUniversity.

D.

ShewasheadofRadcliffeInstituteforAdvancedStudy.

（2）.

LawrenceSummersheldtheviewthat.

A.

womencannotachieveasmuchasmeninmanagement

B.

womencannotholdimportantpositionsinsociety

C.

womencanmatchmeninsciencejobs

D.

fewwomenmaketopscientistsowingtogenes

（3）.

Whichmightbethebesttitleforthepassage

A.

Harvardnamedits1stfemalepresident.

B.

HistoryofHarvardUniversitychanged.

C.

Debatesonfemaleequalityended.

D.

DrewGilpinFaust,afamouswomanhistorian.

（4）.

Thispassageprobablyappearsina.

A.

biography