初三连词.docx
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初三连词
一、连词的概念
连词是一种在句子与句子之间,短语之间以及名词等其他词语之间起连接作用的虚词,它不能单独作句子的成份。
二、连词的分类
连词,按其意义可分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
并列连词连接的双方是对等的。
并列连词:
and,both…and,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,aswellas等。
表示意义有转折的并列连词:
but,however,while(而),only(只不过)。
表示选择关系的并列连词:
or,orelse,otherwise…
表示前因后果的连词:
for,so,therefore(因此),then等。
从属连词在初中范围内常常用来连接名词性从句,如:
that,if,whether,其次用来连接状语从句。
其中有时间状语从句,常用的连接词有:
whenwhile,as,since,before,after,once,assoonas,until,till连接条件状语的连词有:
if,unless,aslongas等,而原因状语的连接词有because,since,as,nowthat(既然)。
目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等状语从句的连接词有:
sothat,so…that,such…that,as…as,than,where…
1.并列连词的用法
并列连词可以连接具有并列关系的词、短语或者分句。
如:
HeknowsneitherEnglishnorFrench.
Areyougoingbybusoronfoot?
Marywasagoodgirl,butshehadoneshortcoming(缺点).
1)and与or
判断改错:
()Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.
()Theystartedtodanceandsang.
()Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.
【考例】同义句转换
1.Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.
Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.
2.Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.
=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed.
2)both…and两者都,谓语遵循就近原则,也就是由and后面的名词单复数确定。
e.g.:
Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.
3)notonly…but(also),aswellas不但…而且notonly…butalso遵循就近原则,aswellas遵循就远原则,也就是谓语和aswellas之前的名词单复数保持一致。
e.g.:
Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.
4)neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则,与nor后的词保持一致。
Neitheryounorheistoblame.你和他都不该时受责备。
2.从属连词的用法(宾语从句和状语从句)
从属连接词常用于引导宾语从句和状语从句。
常见的宾语从句从属连接词及用法有:
Theybelievethatthecomputerwillfinallytaketheplaceofhumanbeings.(从句本来就是陈述句)
IwonderwhetherIshouldsaysomethingforhimtotheheadmaster.(从句来源于一般问句ShallIsaysomethingforhimtotheheadmaster?
)
Heaskedmewherehecouldgetsuchmedicine.(从句来源于特殊问句Wherecanhegetsuchmedicine?
)
状语从句:
时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件。
下面会具体学习。
【考例】
一.单项选择:
1.We’llvisitShanghaithisSunday_____itrainsorit’sveryhot.
A.sinceB.ifC.unlessD.until
2.Wouldyouliketogototheconcertwithme?
-----I’dloveto,_____I’mafraidIhavenotime.
A.SoB.orC.andD.but
3.Jenny,putonyourcoat,_____youwillcatchacold.
A.butB.andC.orD.so
4.Jane,pleaseturnoffthelights_____youleavetheclassroom.
A.afterB.beforeC.untilD.but
5_____you_____yourbrothercanjoinus.Wewantoneofyou.
Both;andB.Neither;norC.Either;orD.Notonly;butalso
6._____Switzerlandisverysmall,_____itisthelandofwatchanditisveryrich.
A.Though;butB.Because;soC.Because;/D.Though;/
7._____Tom_____MaryspeaksgoodChinese,sotheycancommunicatewiththeseChinesestudentsverywell.
A.Neither;norB.Notonly;butalso
C.Both;andD.Either;or
8.Thefilm“KungFuPanda”is_____interesting_____Iwouldliketoseeitagain.
A.such;thatB.too;toC.as;asD.so;that
9.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,_____atlastshesucceeded.
A.soB.orC.butD.and
10.---Wherewasyourbrotheratthistimelasttime?
---Hewaswritingane-mail_____IwaswatchingTVathome.
A.assoonasB.afterC.untilD.while
.时间状语从句
1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。
例如:
Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.
Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.
Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
易混引导词while,when的区别:
when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用,也可以指"时间段",与延续性动词连用(=while)。
While表示时间段,因此,while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。
练习:
用while或when填空
1.Pleasedon'ttalksoloud______othersareworking.
2.______hecamein,hismotherwascooking.
3.______wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.
2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习:
1.I’llringyouupassoonasI______(get)toNewYork.
2.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhe______(come)back.
3.Hewon’tbelieveituntilhe______(see)itwithhisowneyes.
结论:
主将从现的原则
.条件状语从句
1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。
例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
练习:
1.I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifI______(be)freetomorrow.
2.He______(not)belateunlessheisill.
3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
例如:
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
.原因状语从句
1)原因状语从句通常由because,since(因为),as(因为)引导。
例如:
Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.
2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。
Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。
回答由why提出的问题
只能用because。
As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。
由as和since引导的原因状语从居多
在句首。
例如:
------Whyaren’tgoingthere?
------BecauseIdon’twantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.
3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
.结果状语从句
1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。
练习:
1.Heis______poorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.
A.soB.suchC.muchD.too
2.Sheis______goodteacherthateverybodylikesher.
A.suchaB.soaC.asoD.asuch
2)so…that语such...that可以互换。
例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。
其结构是:
“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。
例如:
Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.
Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
3)在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。
如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。
例如:
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.
Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
练习:
(选出划线部分的近义选项)
1.Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
A.sowonderfulafilmB.soawonderfulfilm
2.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
A.soanimportantmatchB.ansoimportantmatchC.soimportantamatch
3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。
练习:
Soontherewere______manydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
A.soB.suchC.much
总结:
①so+形容词或者副词+that…
②such+(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词+that
③such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数
=so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数
④so+little/many/much/few+名词
.目的状语从句
1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。
例如:
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。
区别这两种从句的办法有两个:
目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。
从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
例如:
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)
Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)
.让步状语从句
1)让步状语从句通常由although,though,eventhough,evenif,nomatter,however等连词引导。
例如:
1.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
2.Although/Though/Eventhough/Evenifyoudon’tlikehimyoucanstillbepolite.
尽管/即使/纵然/即使你不喜欢他,你仍可有礼貌一些。
3)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。
例如:
我们不能说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
应该说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
综合练习:
保持句意基本不变
1.Workharder,oryou'llnotsucceedinyournewjob.(保持句意基本不变)
workharder,you'llnotsucceedinyournewjob.
2.Shanghaiusedtobeasmallfishingvillage.(保持句意基本不变)
Shanghaiisnotasmallfishingvillage______________.
3.Theteacheraskedus,"Haveyoufinishedreadingthepassage?
"(保持句意基本不变)
Theteacheraskedus_______we________finishedreadingthepassage.
4.Rosewenttothecarexhibitionyesterday.Dannywentthere,too.(保持句意不变)
__________Rose__________Dannywenttothecarexhibitionyesterday.
5.Davidspenttwohoursfinishinghisreportlastnight.(保持句意基本不变)
ItDavidtwohoursfinishhisreportlastnight.
6.Ifyoudon’tknow“Stayhungry,stayfoolish”,surftheinternet.(保持句意基本不变)
You__________surftheinternetifyoudon’tknow“Stayhungry,stayfoolish”.
7.Billydoesn’tknowwhathappened.Billydoesn’tcarewhathappened.(保持句意基本不变)
Billy_____knows_____careswhathappened.
8.TinalikedwatchingTVbetterthanreadingcomicbookswhenshewasyoung.(保持句意基本不变)
TinawatchingTVreadingcomicbookswhenshewasyoung.
9.Mr.BrownmanagesalargeDisneylandParkinJapan.(保持句意基本不变)
Mr.Brownis__________ofalargeDisneylandParkinJapan.
10.IfIdon’tfinishmyhomework,mymotherwillnotallowmetoplaycomputergames.(保持句意基本不变)
Iwon’tbe_______toplaycomputergames_____Ifinishmyhomework.
11.Ican’tgiveyoubetteradvicethanthat.(保持原句意思)
Ican_________giveyou_________advice.
12.Billdidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedwritingtheletterat11:
45lastnight.(保持原句意思)
Bill__________________untilhefinishedwritingtheletterat11:
45lastnight.
13.Horsesarelargerthananyotheranimalsinthisarea.(保持句意不变)
Horsesare________________amongalltheanimalsinthisarea.
14.Itcostmyunclehugeamountsofmoneytodecoratethelivingroom.(保持句意不变
Myuncle________hugeamountsofmoney________thelivingroom.
15.Ishallleavetherestaurantifthewaiterdoesn’tcomesoon.(保持句意基本不变)
Ishallleavetherestaurant_______thewaiter______soon.
1.Whichmobilephonewouldyouliketobuy,aNokiaaniPhone4?
A.soB.orC.butD.and
2.Jackwashalfanhourlateforthepartyhewasstuckinatrafficjam.
A.unlessB.whileC.becauseD.if
3.Myuncledoesn'thavemuchmoney.______healwaysenjoyshimself.
A.butB.soC.andD.or
4.Thecomicstripis_____funny______readersartfondofit.
A.too,toB.so,thatC.very,toD.too,that
5.Hed