江苏专用版高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 任务型阅读.docx

江苏专用版高考英语二轮复习 第四部分 任务型阅读.docx

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江苏专用版高考英语二轮复习第四部分任务型阅读

（江苏专用）2019版高考英语二轮复习第四部分任务型阅读

任务型阅读阅读量较大，但阅读难度适中，一般原词与推理、归纳词的比例是5∶5。

2013年能在文中找到原词的共5题，需要对原文词性、词形变换的共1题，归纳总结得出答案的共4题。

2014年推理、归纳题考查比例较大，共6题。

能在原文中找到原词和需要对原文词性、词形变换的各2题。

2015年有7题可在原文中找到原词或相对应的词形、词性。

任务型阅读将会继续在江苏高考试题中占有较大比重，考题形式还是主要以表格形和树状形为主，文章体裁主要以议论文为主，阅读量大，要求考生具有捕捉信息、组织信息和综合概括信息的能力。

（一）

（2015·江苏）

Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple，theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames，weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.

Ingeneral，thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption，accidentsanddisasters，sports，socialevents，andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs，economicmatters，socialproblems，science，education，andhealth.

Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxemurder，shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane，identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam，laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.

Newsofthesecondkind，however，paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as，forexample，whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation，themountingnationaldebt，risingtaxes，fallingmarket，scarcehousing，andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue”．Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews，hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.

Foranyindividual，ofcourse，theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample，asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem，ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue：

hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting，notforitsdelayedreward，butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryofcorruptionordisaster，athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience，butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore，whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral，anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother，ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.

Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread？

Divisionofnewsstories

•Peopleexpecttoget71.________fromreadingnews.

•Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.

•Somenewswillexcitetheirreadersinstantlywhileotherswon’t.

72.________ofthetwoclasses

•Newsofimmediaterewardwillseeminglytaketheirreaderstotheveryfrighteningscenewithoutactual73.________.

•Readerswillassociatethemselvescloselywithwhathappensinthenewsstoriesand74.________similarfeelingswiththoseinvolved.

•Newsofdelayedrewardwillmakereaderssuffer，orpresenta75.________tothem.

•Newsofdelayedrewardwillinducethereaderto76.________fortherealitywhilenewsofimmediaterewardwillleadthereaderto77.________fromthereality.

Unstableboundariesofthetwoclasses

•Whatreadersexpectfromnewsstoriesarelargelyshapedbytheir78.________.

•Seriousreaderswillbothgetexcitedoverwhathappensinsomenewsstoriesand79.________themselvestothereality.

•Thus，thedivision，onthewhole，80.________onthereader.

（二）

（2014·江苏）

Theexpression，“everybody’sdoingit，”isverymuchatthecenteroftheconceptofpeerpressure.Itisastronginfluenceofagroup，especiallyofchildren，onmembersofthatgrouptobehaveaseverybodyelsedoes.Itcanbepositiveornegative.Mostpeopleexperienceitinsomewayduringtheirlives.

Peoplearesocialcreaturesbynature，andsoitishardlysurprisingthatpartoftheirselfrespectcomesfromtheapprovalofothers.Thisinstinct（天性）iswhytheapprovalofpeers，orthefearofdisapproval，issuchapowerfulforceinmanypeople’slives.Itisthesameinstinctthatdrivespeopletodressonewayathomeandanotherwayatwork，ortoanswer“fine”whenastrangerasks“howareyou？

”evenifitisnotnecessarilytrue.Thereisapracticalaspecttothis：

ithelpssocietytofunctionefficiently，andencouragesagenerallevelofselfdisciplinethatsimplifiesdaytodayinteraction.

Forcertainindividuals，seekingsocialacceptanceissoimportantthatitbecomeslikeanaddiction；inordertosatisfythedesire，theymaygosofarastoabandontheirsenseofrightandwrong.Teensandyoungadultsmayfeelforcedtousedrugs，orjoingangsthatencouragecriminalbehavior.Matureadultsmaysometimesfeelpressuredtocoverupillegalactivityatthecompanywheretheywork，orendupindebtbecausetheyareunabletoholdbackthedesiretobuyahouseorcarthattheycan’taffordinaneffortto“keepupwiththeJoneses.”

However，peerpressureisnotalwaysnegative.Astudentwhosefriendsaregoodatacademicsmaybeurgedtostudyharderandgetgoodgrades.Playersonasportsteammayfeeldriventoplayharderinordertohelptheteamwin.Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs，ortohelpanadulttakeupagoodhabitordropabadone.Studygroupsandclassprojectsareexamplesofpositivepeergroupsthatencouragepeopletobetterthemselves.

Schoolstrytoteachkidsaboutthedangersofnegativepeerpressure.Theyteachkidstostandupandbethemselves，andencouragethemtopolitelydeclinetodothingsthattheybelievearewrong.Similarly，itcanbehelpfultoencouragechildrentogreetthebeneficialinfluenceofpositivepeergroups.

（三）

（2013·江苏）

QuietVirtue：

TheConscientious

Theeverydaysignsofconscientiousness（认真尽责）—beingpunctual，carefulindoingwork，selfdisciplined，andscrupulous（一丝不苟的）inattendingtoresponsibilities—aretypicalcharacteristicsofthemodelorganizationalcitizen，thepeoplewhokeepthingsrunningastheyshould.Theyfollowtherules，helpout，andareconcernedaboutthepeopletheyworkwith.It’stheconscientiousworkerwhohelpsnewcomersorupdatespeoplewhoreturnafteranabsence，whogetstoworkontimeandneverabusessickleaves，whoalwaysgetsthingsdoneondeadline.

Conscientiousnessisakeytosuccessinanyfield.Instudiesofjobperformance，outstandingeffectivenessforalmostalljobs，fromsemiskilledlabortosalesandmanagement，dependsonconscientiousness.Itisparticularlyimportantforoutstandingperformanceinjobsatthelowerlevelsofanorganization：

thesecretarywhosemessagetakingisperfect，thedeliverytruckdriverwhoisalwaysontime.

AmongsalesrepresentativesforalargeAmericancarmanufacturer，thosewhoweremostconscientioushadthelargestvolumeofsales.Conscientiousnessalsooffersabuffer（缓冲）againstthethreatofjoblossintoday’sconstantlychangingmarket，becauseemployeeswiththisqualityareamongthemostvalued.Forthesalesrepresentatives，theirlevelofconscientiousnessmatteredalmostasmuchastheirsalesindeterminingwhostayedon.

Thereisanairaroundhighlyconscientiouspeoplethatmakesthemseemevenbetterthantheyactuallyare.Theirreputationfordependabilityinfluencesmanagers’evaluationsoftheirwork，givingthemhigherevaluationsthanobjectivemeasuresoftheirperformancewouldpredict.

Butconscientiousnessintheabsenceofsocialskillscanleadtoproblems.Sinceconscientiouspeopledemandsomuchofthemselves，theycanholdotherpeopletotheirownstandards，andsobeoverlyjudgmentalwhenothersdon’tshowthesamehighlevelsofmodelbehavior.FactoryworkersinGreatBritainandtheUnitedStateswhowereextremelyconscientious，forexample，tendedtocriticizecoworkersevenaboutfailuresthatseemedunimportanttothosetheycriticized，whichdamagedtheirrelationships.

Whenconscientiousnesstakestheformoflivinguptoexpectations，itcandiscouragecreativity.Increativeprofessionslikeartoradvertising，opennesstowildideasandspontaneity（自发性）arescarceandindemand.Successinsuchoccupationscallsforabalance，however；withoutenoughconscientiousnesstofollowthrough，peoplebecomemeredreamers，withnothingtoshowfortheirimaginativeness.

一、任务型阅读的解题步骤

1．略读。

快速浏览全文，理清文章基本结构，了解文章的框架及每段大意。

2．扫读。

扫读图表，分析表格结构和内容，准确定位填空的要求，以便带着问题寻找答案。

3．细读。

深入理解文章内容，分析整合信息，准确表达。

归纳概括，转换信息正确表述。

4．复查。

通观全篇，复读检查。

二、复习中应注意培养解题能力

1．培养词形转换能力，如：

用所给词语的适当形式填空。

（1）Thecarrusheddowntheroadatastonishingspeed.（astonish）

（2）Thepostalservicehereisveryunreliable.（serve）

（3）Theexamwasrelativelyeasy.（relative）

常见的词性转换有：

说明

举例

动词转化为名词，这类动词变为名词后，常跟have，make，take等词搭配表示一个动作

havealook（talk，wash，swim，rest，dream，laugh，ride，dance，interview，etc.）

makeastudy（guess，visit，call，change，answer，reply，promise，request，etc.）

takeaseat（drive，look，bath，etc.）

表具体实物的名词可转化为动词

adropofwater（水），watertheflowers（浇）；amapofEurope（地图），maptheSouthPole（绘制地图）；abicyclechain（链条），chainaboattoatree（拴住）

表身体部位或某类人的名词可转化为动词

Thestonehithimonthehead.（头）

Headstraightforthefactory.（朝向）

Thenurseondutyisnursingthepatient.（护理）

表抽象概念的名词可转化为动词

Timeisabirdforeveronthewing.（时间）

TakeadeepbreathandI’lltimeyou.（计时）

有些形容词可作动词用

Yourwatchisfiveminutesslow.（慢的）

Slowdownyourcarinthecrowdedstreets.（放慢）

Let’ssitintheshadeandgetcool.（凉爽的）

Openthewindowstocooltheroom.（使凉爽）

2.培养英语释义与概括能力，如：

根据提示用意义相同的词完成各句，每空一词。

（1）Theboyfeltuncomfortablewithhisnewclassmates.（notcomfortable）

（2）Ifyouignoreyourdiet，troublew