英语语法句子成分的划分与例句.docx
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英语语法句子成分的划分与例句
英语句子的基本结构
（一）主语+连系动词+表语
常见的系动词有：
1．“变成”的状态
appear
显得
remain
仍是
be
是
rest
处于-状态
continue
继续处于
rise
上升
feel
觉得；摸
seem
似乎是
go
变成
smell
闻起来
keep
保持-状态
sound
听起来
lie
处于-状态
stand
处于-状态
look
看起来
stay
处于-状态
prove
证明是
taste
尝起来
2．“变化”的结果
become
成为，
grow
渐渐变得
come
成为
run
变成
fall
变得
turn
变成
get
变得
turnout
结果是
可作表语的有：
介词短语作表语
现在分词作表语
过去分词作表语
名词作表语
动名词作表语
不定式作表语
表语从句作表语
形容词作表语
副词作表语
代词作表语
数词作表语
表语主要说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。
1.Weareonholiday.
2.TheyarefromShanghai.
3.Heistired.
4.Thisglassisbroken.
5.Itbecomesinterestingtome.
6.Hebecameadoctorin1999.
7.Heismypartner.
8.Herinterestisreading.
9.Herdesireistobeaboss.
10.Myplanisthatwe'llbeback.
11.I'mtallandhe'sshort.
12.Chinaisadevelopingcountry
13.Thenewsisexciting
14.Myidealwillcometrue.
15.Itisgettingdark.
16.Don'tgetexcited.
17.Theleavesturnedyellow.
18.I'mfeelingmuchbettertoday
19.Wefeelfullofenergy.
20.Cottonfeelssoft.
21.Itfeelscoldoutside.
22.Shelooksunhappy.
23.Itlookslikerain.
24.Itlookslikeafineday.
25.Thesebananastastesweet.
26.Goodmedicinetastesbittertothemouth.
27.Themilktastessour.
28.Yoursentencedoesn'tsoundright.
29.Itsoundsquiteallright.
30.Itsoundslikeagoodidea.
31.Themusicsoundswonderful
32.Herfacewentred.
33.Somethinghasgonewrongwiththemachine.
34.Ihaverunshortofmoney.
35.Mybloodrancold.
36.Theriversarerunningdry.
37.Heseemedquitehopeless.
38.Heseemedtobeangry.
39.Heseemstobeeating.
40.Heseemedtohavedoneit.
41.Itseemsthatyoudon'tlikeit.
42.Theweathercontinuedfine.
43.Sheappearedtouchedatit.
44.Soonhefellsoundasleep.
45.Shefellillinbedthatday.
46.Thismethodprovedquiteefficient.
47Therumorproved（tobe）false.
48.Hestayedsingleallhislife.
49Thelanguagestayedthesame.
50Weshouldkeepquietinclass.
51Hestillremainspoor.
52.HisEnglishremainsweak.
53.Weshouldremainmodest.
54.Itturnedout（tobe）afineday.
55.Don’ttheysmellnice?
56.Thefoodsmellsnice.
57.Isitdone?
58.Boblaysick.
59.Thesunrosered.
60.Hestoodstill.
61.Thiswintercontinueddampandwet.
62.Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.
63.Wecan’tresteastuntilthey’resafelyback.
64.Allthetimeshesatsilentinthecorner.
（二）主语+谓语+状语
（有时状语也可以提前，放在主语前面）
可作状语的有：
副词作状语
介词短语作状语
不定式短语作状语
现在分词短语作状语
过去分词短语作状语
形容词短语作状语
词组作状语
复合结构作状语
状语从句作状语
名词作状语
状语大都用来说明时间、地点、行为方式、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较或其它。
1.JapanliesintheeastofChina.
2.Theplaneistakingoff.
3.Theexpresstrainstartedatten.
4.Thebirdsflewupintothewoods
5.Weusuallygotobedateleven.
6.Thewindwasblowinghard.
7.Comeinonebyone.
8.Thechildthoughthardforawhile.
9.Heneverfallsbehindothers.
10.Theylineduponthesquare.
11.Sheweighsninetypounds.
12.Heleftawaywithoutaword.
13.Theystoodtogetherwithhim.
14.Ihavesleptonlyfourhours.
15.Theywalkedfortymilesthen.
16.Youmustturnbackbyeight.
17.Thedogranafterthecat.
18.Thesunisrisinginthewest.
19.Westudyhardforourfuture.
20.Themeetinglastedanhour.
21.Hehurriedtoschoolbybicycle.
22.Herfatherdiedin1999.
23.Theaccidenthappenedthatday
24.Thetravelerwentawayfinally.
25.Hewasemployedinthebank.
26.Waterwaspumpedfromthere.
27.Smokingisnotallowedhere.
28.Hegotbacktoseeyouoff.
29.Hewasoftenpunishedinthepast
30.Weflewoverapartoftheforest
31.Thepopulationisgrowingveryfastthere.
32.Theyaremovingintotheforests.
33.Theymoveontoanewplace.
34.Thefarmersdon'tstaylonginthesameplace.
35.Thepaperismadefromricestraw.
36.Theirhouseswerewashedaway.
37.Theseordersmustbeobeyedinourschool.
38.Thehighbuildingsweredestroyedbythefire.
39.TheMotorCompanywasstartedoneyearago.
40.Wewillmeetundertheclockatthestation.
41.Thetrainleavesat7:
40.
42.Thenumberwillgrowto300,000carsayear.
43.Theportwillbeopenedtoforeignships.
44.Thecarswillbesuppliedtothosepeople.
45.Thesecomputerswillbesentabroadbysea.
46.Thetelephonelineswerecutoffbythewind.
47.We’vebeensittingherehours.
48.Shecamebackachangedperson.
49.Theyreturnedtiedandhungry.
50.Thesoldierfelldead.
51.Thethoughtlayheavyonhermind.
52.Sheleftachildandcamebackamother.
53.Hediedamartyrtothecause
oftherevolution.
54.Weshallgowheneverwearefree.
55.You’vedonequitewell.
56.Thefruittreesarealldoingwell.
57.Theyhavealsodonewellinraisingpigs.
58.Youwilldowelltohavealookatit.
59.Perhapsyouwoulddobettertoaskhimforsomeadvice.
【现在分词作状语表示时间】
60.Seeingthosepictures,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYenan.
61.Openingthedoor,Ifoundnobodyinside.
62.Turningaround,shesawacardrivingup.
63.Arrivingattheworksite,shefoundthembusylayingbricks.
64.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.
65.Learningthis,shethrewherselfintotheworkwithgreatzeal.
66.AfterbeingexaminedcarefullybyMrHolmes,theroomwaslockedagain.
67.Havingdonetheirhomework,thechildrenwentintothegardentoplay.
68.Havingworkedinthefieldsfortwohours,thestudentsweretoldtohavearest.
69.Hearingthenews,thechildrenjumpedwithjoy.
70.HavingbeenaskedtostayinShanghai,thecountrygirldecidednottogobacktoherhometown.
71.
如果分词所表示的动作和谓语所表示的动作是完全同时发生，多用when或while加现在分词这种结构。
72.Walkingoutoftheroom,hefoundtheboystillthere.
73.Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.
74.Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.
75.ShegottoknowthemwhileattendingaconferenceinBeijing.
76.Don’tmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.
【现在分词作状语表示原因】
77.Beingsopoorinthosedays,wecouldn’taffordtosendtheboytohospital.
78.Notknowingheraddress,wecouldn’tgetintouchwithher.
79.Notknowinghisaddress,Icouldn’twritetohim.
80.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.
81.Beingpoor,hecouldnotsendhissontoschool.
82.Nothavingheardfromhimforalongtime,Iwrotetohimagainthismorning.
83.Beingaskedtoplaytheviolin,shepickedupherinstrumentandjumpedontothestage.
84.Havingbeentheremorethanonce,heofferedtoshowusroundthecity.
85.Beingwarnednottogotherealone,thegirlwaitedforherbrothertoaccompanyher.
【现在分词作状语表示条件】
86.Workinghard,youwillpasstheexam.
87.
【现在分词作状语表示结果】
88.Herhusbanddiedin1999,leavingherwithfivechildren.
89.Theyopenedfire,killingoneofourpatrolmen.
90.
【过去分词作状语表示时间】
91.Whenheated,icewillbechangedintowater.
92.Seenfromthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.
93.Oncediscovered,enemiesarecompletelywipedout.
94.Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.
95.Whenshotintheleg,hecontinuedtofirebackwithhisgun.
96.Enteringtheclassroom,Ifoundalltheseatsingoodorder.
97.Lookingaround,LipingfoundagroupofYoungPioneerspickingupearsofriceinthefields.
98.
99.Havingmetmyfriend,Iwentbackwithhimtohishouse.
100.Havingpackeduphisthings,hehurriedtothestation.
101.Walkingalongthestreet,Imetafriend.
102.Arrivingatthestation,welearntthatthetrainhadgone.
103.Havingdonehishomework,hewenttothepostofficetopostsomethingtoNanjing.
104.
【过去分词作状语表示原因】
105.Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hewasabletohelpmanypeople.
106.Movedbyhiswords,theyoungworkmanmadeuphismindtocorrecthismistake.
107.Bornintoapoorfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.
108.Hesoonfellasleep,tiredbythejourney.
109.EncouragedbyLeiFeng’sexample,theydidcountlessgooddeeds.
110.Frightenedbythenoiseinthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepinherroom.
111.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.
112.Builtin1949,theexhibitionhallisalmost50yearsold.
113.Wellknownforhismedicalknowledgeandskills,thedoctorisabletohelplotsofpatients.
114.SurprisedatwhatBerryhaddone,Tomdidn’tknowwhattosayatfirst.
115.Bittenbythedog,sheshouldbesenttoahospitaltobeexamined.
116.Beingtiredwiththework,hesatdowntorest.
117.Havingwater,theybegantogrowtwocropsofriceayear.
118.Havingbeenaddressedtothewronghouse,theletterneverreachedme.
119.
【过去分词作状语表示条件】
120.Ifpermitted,I’llgotherealone.
121.Givenbetterattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.
122.Givenenoughtime,Icandoitwell.
123.Comparedwiththoseadvancedunits,westillhavealongwaytogo.
124.Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.
125.Ifcookedwithinaday,thismeatwillbesafetoeat.
126.Priceswillrisetoofastunlesscontrolledbythegovernment.
127.Thewaterisnotsafetodrinkunlessboiled.
128.Ifbittenbyasnake,youshouldsendforhelpanddon’twalk.
129.Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheplaceyouwant.
130.
【过去分词作状语表示让步】
131.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingonthethinice.
132.Picked20timesayear,itgrowstiredonlyafter40or50years.
133.Theroom,althoughsupposedtobekeptlocked,wasoftenleftopen.
134.Admittingwhatyousay,Istillthinkthatyoumadeamistake.
135.
【过去分词作状语表示伴随】
136.Theprofessorcamein,followedbysomestudents.
137.Aliceenteredthelivingroom,followedbyherboyfriend.
138.Hewentin,makingbelievenothingwaswrong.
139.Singingasong,theymarchedthroughtheSquare.
140.Theysatatthedeskspreparingtheirlessons.
141.Hestoodthere,dumbfounded.
142.
（三）主语+谓语+宾语（+状语）
可作宾语的有：
名词作宾语
代词作宾语
数词作宾语
名词化的形容词作宾语
动名
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