英语六级真命题第3套Word格式.docx
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A)assumeI)optimistic
B)confidentialJ)package
C)disagreeK)radically
D)formulaL)reality
E)forthcomingM)separately
F)illustratingN)spoiling
G)mysteriouslyO)underestimate
H)observe
“Deepreading”—asopposedtotheoftensuperficialreadingwedoontheWeb—isanendangeredpractice,oneweoughttotakestepstopreserveaswewouldahistoricbuildingorasignificantworkofart.Itsdisappearancewouldjeopardizetheintellectualandemotionaldevelopmentofgenerationsgrowinguponline,aswellasthepreservationofacriticalpartofourculture:
thenovels,poemsandotherkindsofliteraturethatcanbeappreciatedonlybyreaderswhosebrains,quiteliterally,havebeentrainedtounderstandthem.
Recentresearchincognitivescienceandpsychologyhasdemonstratedthatdeepreading—slow,immersive,richinsensorydetailandemotionalandmoralcomplexity—isadistinctiveexperience,differentinkindfromthemeredecodingofwords.Althoughdeepreadingdoesnot,strictlyspeaking,requireaconventionalbook,thebuilt-inlimitsoftheprintedpageareuniquelyhelpfultothedeepreadingexperience.Abook’slackofhyperlinks(超链接),forexample,freesthereaderfrommakingdecisions—ShouldIclickonthislinkornot?
—allowinghertoremainfullyimmersedinthenarrative.
Thatimmersionissupportedbythewaythebrainhandleslanguagerichindetail,indirectreferenceandfiguresofspeech:
bycreatingamentalrepresentationthatdrawsonthesamebrainregionsthatwouldbeactiveifthescenewereunfoldinginreallife.Theemotionalsituationsandmoraldilemmasthatarethestuffofliteraturearealsovigorousexerciseforthebrain,propellingusinsidetheheadsoffictionalcharactersandeven,studiessuggest,increasingourreal-lifecapacityforempathy(认同).
Noneofthisislikelytohappenwhenwe’rebrowsingthroughawebsite.Althoughwecalltheactivitybythesamename,thedeepreadingofbooksandtheinformation-drivenreadingwedoontheWebareverydifferent,bothintheexperiencetheyproduceandinthecapacitiestheydevelop.Agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatonlinereadingmaybelessengagingandlesssatisfying,evenforthe“digitalnatives”towhomitissofamiliar.Lastmonth,forexample,Britain’sNationalLiteracyTrustreleasedtheresultsofastudyof34,910youngpeopleaged8to16.Researchersreportedthat39%ofchildrenandteensreaddailyusingelectronicdevices,butonly28%readprintedmaterialseveryday.Thosewhoreadonlyonscreenwerethreetimeslesslikelytosaytheyenjoyreadingverymuchandathirdlesslikelytohaveafavoritebook.Thestudyalsofoundthatyoungpeoplewhoreaddailyonlyonscreenwerenearlytwotimeslesslikelytobeabove-averagereadersthanthosewhoreaddailyinprintorbothinprintandonscreen.
56.Whatdoestheauthorsayabout“deepreading”?
A)Itservesasacomplementtoonlinereading.
B)Itshouldbepreservedbeforeitistoolate.
C)Itismainlysuitableforreadingliterature.
D)Itisanindispensablepartofeducation.
57.Whydoestheauthoradvocatethereadingofliterature?
A)Ithelpspromotereaders’intellectualandemotionalgrowth.
B)Itenablesreaderstoappreciatethecomplexityoflanguage.
C)Ithelpsreadersbuildupimmersivereadinghabits.
D)Itisquicklybecominganendangeredpractice.
58.Inwhatwaydoesprinted-pagereadingdifferfromonlinereading?
A)Itensuresthereader’scognitivegrowth.
B)Itenablesthereadertobefullyengaged.
C)Itactivatesadifferentregionofthebrain.
D)Ithelpsthereaderlearnrhetoricaldevices.
59.Whatdothestudiesshowaboutonlinereading?
A)Itgraduallyimpairsone’seyesight.C)Itprovidesup-to-dateinformation.
B)Itkeepsarousingreaders’curiosity.D)Itrendersreadinglessenjoyable.
60.WhatdowelearnfromthestudyreleasedbyBritain’sNationalLiteracyTrust?
A)Onscreenreadersmaybelesscompetentreaders.
B)Thosewhodoreadinginprintarelessinformed.
C)Youngpeoplefindreadingonscreenmoreenjoyable.
D)Itisnoweasiertofindafavoritebookonlinetoread.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Manycurrentdiscussionsofimmigrationissuestalkaboutimmigrantsingeneral,asiftheywereabstractpeopleinanabstractworld.ButtheconcretedifferencesbetweenimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriesaffectwhethertheircominghereisgoodorbadfortheAmericanpeople.
TheverythoughtofformulatingimmigrationlawsfromthestandpointofwhatisbestfortheAmericanpeopleseemstohavebeenforgottenbymanywhofocusonhowtosolvetheproblemsofillegalimmigration.
Itishardtolookfor“theidealoutcome”onimmigrationintheabstract.EconomicsprofessorMiltonFriedmanoncesaid,“Thebestistheenemyofthegood,”whichtomemeantthatattemptstoachieveanunattainableidealcanpreventusfromreachinggoodoutcomesthatarepossibleinpractice.
Toomuchofourcurrentimmigrationcontroversyisconductedintermsofabstractideals,suchas“Weareanationofimmigrants.”Ofcourseweareanationofimmigrants.Butwearealsoanationofpeoplewhowearshoes.Doesitfollowthatweshouldadmitanybodywhowearsshoes?
Theimmigrantsoftodayareverydifferentfromthosewhoarrivedhereahundredyearsago.Moreover,thesocietyinwhichtheyarriveisdifferent.Tome,itisbettertobuildawallaroundthewelfarestatethanthecountry.
Butthewelfarestateisalreadyhere—and,farfromhavingawallbuiltaroundit,thewelfarestateisexpandinginalldirections.Wedonothaveachoicebetweenthewelfarestateandopenborders.Anythingwetrytodoasregardsimmigrationlawshastobedoneinthecontextofahugewelfarestatethatisalreadyamajor,inescapablefactoflife.
Amongotherfactsoflifeutterlyignoredbymanyadvocatesofdefactoamnesty(事实上的大赦)isthatthefreeinternationalmovementofpeopleisdifferentfromfreeinternationaltradeingoods.
Buyingcarsorcamerasfromothercountriesisnotthesameasadmittingpeoplefromthosecountriesoranyothercountries.Unlikeinanimateobjects,peoplehaveculturesandnotallculturesarecompatiblewiththecultureinthiscountrythathasproducedsuchbenefitsfortheAmericanpeopleforsolong.
NotonlytheUnitedStates,buttheWesternworldingeneral,hasbeendiscoveringthehardwaythatadmittingpeoplewithincompatibleculturesisanirreversibledecisionwithincalculableconsequences.IfwedonotseethatafterrecentterroristattacksonthestreetsofBostonandLondon,whenwillweseeit?
“Comprehensiveimmigrationreform”meansdoingeverythingalltogetherinarush,withouttimetolookbeforeweleap,andbasingourselvesonabstractnotionsaboutabstractpeople.
61.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutimmigrantsinAmerica?
A)Theyallhopetogaincitizenshipandenjoythewelfare.
B)TheycometoAmericawithdifferentdreamsandpurposes.
C)TheirbackgroundmaydeterminewhethertheybenefittheAmericanpeople.
D)TheirculturesaffecttheextenttowhichtheywillachievesuccessinAmerica.
62.WhatdoestheauthortrytosaybycitingMiltonFriedman’sremark?
A)ItishardlypracticaltofindanidealsolutiontoAmerica’simmigrationproblem.
B)Idealoutcomescouldbeproducedonlybycomprehensiveimmigrationreform.
C)Asforimmigration,goodresultscannotbeachievedwithoutgoodintentions.
D)ThepropersolutionofimmigrationissuesisanidealoftheAmericanpublic.
63.Whatistheauthor’sviewregardingAmerica’simmigrationpolicy?
A)Americashouldopenitsborderstoimmigrantsfromdifferentcountries.
B)ImmigrantshavecontributedgreatlytothewelfareofAmericanpeople.
C)UnrestrictedimmigrationwillunderminetheAmericanwelfarestate.
D)ThereisnopointbuildingawallaroundtheAmericanwelfarestate.
64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeincitingtherecentterroristattacksonthestreetsofBostonandLondon?
A)ToshowthatAmericashouldjoinhandswithEuropeinfightingterrorists.
B)ToprovethatitishightimeAmericamadecomprehensiveimmigrationreforms.
C)Toprovethatterrori