语言学树形图word精品.docx

语言学树形图word精品.docx

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语言学树形图word精品

树形图详细讲解

1.Indicatethecategoryofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.

a）Theoldladysuddenlyleft.

DetANQualV

b）Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.

DetNVPDetNPDetN

c）Thesnowmighthaveblockedtheroad.

DetNAuxAuxVDetN

d）Heneverappearsquitemature.

treestructurefor

NQualVDegA

2.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,acomplement,andaspecifier.Drawtheappropriateeach.

a）fullofpeople

AP

fullofpeople

b）astoryaboutasentimentalgirl

NP

VP

QualVNP

oftenreaddetectivestories

d）theargumentagainsttheproposals

NP

PP

NP

DetN

theargumentagainsttheproposals

e）movetowardsthewindow

VP

PP

DetN

move

towardsthewindow

3.Drawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences.a）ThejetIanded.

InflP（=S）

NP

/X

DetN

Infl

VP

Pst

Ianded

Thejet

b）Marybecameveryill.

InflP（=S）

NP

Infl

VP

PstV

becamevery

Mary

c）Whatwillyoutalkabout?

CP

ill

NP

Infl

Sz

NPInfl

VP

NP

VP

VPN

What

will

youe

talkaboute

d）Theapplemighthitthe

S

man.

VP

Det

Aux

NP

Det

The

apple

might

hit

the

man

Det

The

N

VP

Det

apple

mighthitthe

man

e）Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NQualVNP

Heoftenreadsetectivestories

4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,firstidentifythemodifier（s）,thendrawthetreestructures.

a）AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetANPstVNP

DetAN

AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane

b）Ahugemoonhungintheblacksky.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetA

NPstV

PP

Ahuge

moon

c）Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.

InflP（=S）

Infl

NP

DetA

VP

NPstV

PP

NP

Det*

■-N

meeting

Anunusualeventoccurredbeforethe

d）Aquaintoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

Det

A

PP

P

DetAN

Aquaintold

houseappearedonthegrassy

hill

5.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructureforeachofthesentences.

a）Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

InflP（=S）

DetANP

Jim

has

washedthedirtyshirtsand

pants

NP

Jim

VP

Infl

has

V

washed

NP

DetA

NP

NCONN

thedirty

shirtsandpants

VP

Helenput

CON

V

on

herclothes

and

went

out

b）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.S

NP

OR

NP

InflP（=S）

Infl

VP

CON

V

Helenputon

herclothesand

c）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.S

NP

went

out

VP

CON

Maryisfondof

literature

but

（is）

VP

NP

tiredofstatistics

NP

VP

Infl

CON

VP

NPres

VP

VP

V

NP

but

（is）

tiredofstatistics

d）Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousman

came

in.

S

S

Adv

S

CON

andthemysteriousmancamein

Thedetective

wentout

e）Crusoeknowsthatspringwillcomeandthesnowwillmelt.

NP

N

comeandthesnow

Crusoeknowsthatspringwill

willmelt

6.Thefollowingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

S

NP

N

You

Infl

NP

VP

CP

C

Pres

S

NP

VP

NP

You

knowthat

hate

war

b）HesaidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover.S

NP

VP

C

C

S

NP

A

He

saidthatTomaskedwhethertheclasswasover

c）Gerrycan'believethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

S

N

Det

N

Gerrycannotbelieve

the

factthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

d）ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce.S

NPVP

CP

NVLAC-S

NPVP

A/l\

DetNVNPNP

NDetN

ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRolls-Royce

e）

NP

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.S

VPk"-^CP

Det

VP

八

VP

NP

VP

NP

N

Thechildren

whetherbats

arguedover

7.Eachofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawtreesforeachofthesentences.

had

wings

thedeepstructureandthesurfacestructure

a）Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.

Deepstructure

Theessayhe

wrotethatwas

toolong

S

NP

N

VP

V

Det

The

CP

NP

essaythat

AP

Deg

S

Infl

NP

Pst

VP

VNP

was

too

long

he

wrotee

b）Thedogthathekeepsbites.

Deepstructure

CP

S

NP

The

dog

he

keeps

that

bites

S

S

Infl

NP

NP

VP

PresV

NP

The

dog

that

he

keeps

bites

c）Herbertfoundthemansheloved.

Deepstructure

CP

S

NP

VP

V

Infl

Herbert

N

foundtheman

NP

shelovedwho

CP

S

NP

VP

V

Infl

Herbert

man

（whom）

sheloved

NP

N

e

foundthe

d）Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.

Deepstructure

CP

S

C

Infl

NP

S

Thegirl

he

PP

V

oftenquarrelswithwhommajorsin

linguistics

S

S

NP

PP

V

NP

The

girl

emajorsinlinguistics

oftenquarrels

whom

he

with

8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.

a）Wouldyoucometomorrow?

Deepstructure

AdvP

Adv

you

would

cometomorrow

Surfacestructure

AdvP

Adv

would

you

cometomorrow

b）Canyoupassmethenewspaper?

Deepstructure

you

can

passme

thenewspaper

Surfacestructure

Can

you

pass

me

the

newspaper

c）Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident?

Deepstructure

thestudentsshould

reporttheincident

should

the

students

e

reporttheincident

d）Whatdidyoueatforlunch?

Deepstructure

Surfacestructure

e）Whoshouldthisbereportedto

Deepstructure

thisshouldbe

reportedto

whom

NP

whom

Surfacestructure

CP

C

Infl

S

be

should

this

reported

to

f）WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

Surfacestructure

CP

NPCS