浙江大学C++课件.docx

浙江大学C++课件.docx

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浙江大学浙江大学C+课件课件Object-OrientedProgramming一.Abstraction（数据抽象）Encapsulation（hiddenimplementation）封装性ObjectState,Data,Message,Method,Interface,Operation,FunctionType:

Allobjectsofaparticulartypecanreceivethesamemessages.二.Inheritance（继承性）三.Polymorphism（多态性）四.ABetterC四四.1/comments/*/四四.2FunctionPrototypevoid*malloc（size_t）;四四.3Thenew&deleteOperatorschar*p=newchar3;int*p=newint3;四四.4Definingvariablesanywhereintk;k=5;intm;m=k+6;四四.5Referenceintk=8;int&m=k;四四.6Inlinefunction四四.7const五.ObjectOrientedProgramming五五.1AbstractionEncapsulation（hiddenimplementation）object&classstructAintk;floatb;intGetK（）returnk;Aa;a.k=555;classAprivate:

intk;/hiddenimplementationfloatb;public:

voidSetK（intk）/memberfunctionk=k;Aa;a.k=777;/.Xa.GetK（）constructor（initialization）destructor（cleanup）classStack;五五.2InheritanceclassBasic;classDerive1:

publicBasic;五五.3Polymorphism（多态性）五五.3.1StaticPolymorphismOverloading五五.3.1.1functionOverloading（函数重载函数重载）五五.3.1.2operatorOverloading（操作符重载操作符重载）classComplexdoublem_r;doublem_i;Complex（doubler=0.0,doublei=0.0）m_r=r;m_i=i;voidoperator（）（doubler,doublei）m_r=r;m_i=i;Complexoperator+（constComplex&c）constreturnComplex（m_r+c,m_r,m_i+c,m_i）;doubleGetR（）constreturm_r;doubleGetI（）constreturm_i;classComplexPtrComplex*m_ptr;public:

ComplexPtr（Complex&c）m_ptr=c;constComplexPtr&operator=（Complex*constptr）m_ptr=ptr;return*this;Complex*operator-（）constreturnm_ptr;Complex&operator*（）return*m_ptr;Complex&operator（inti）returnm_ptri;constComplex&operator（inti）constreturnm_ptri;ComplexPtr&operator+（）m_ptr+;return*this;ComplexPtr&operator+（int）m_ptr+;return*this;voidmain（）Complexc（3,4）;ComplexPtrptr（c）;coutGetR（）endl;cout（*ptr）.GetR（）endl;ptr=newComplex10;ptr1（5.6）;ptr2=ptr1+c;+ptr;ptr+;DefaultArguments（默认参数）五五.3.1.3Redefining（重定义重定义）namehidingOverriding（重写，覆盖，超载，过载）五五.3.2DynamicpolymorphismUpcasting（向上类型转换）VirtualFunctionIncrementaldevelopment（增量式开发）六.File&Stream六六.1Textfilecout123.567endl;k=123;coutk;cout.fill（$）;cout.precision（8）;cout.width（7）;cout.setf（ios:

hex）;cout23endl;fstreamin（in.txt,ios:

in）;fstreamout（out.txt,ios:

out）;if（!

in）return;while（!

in.eof（）charch=in.get（）;out.put（ch）;六六.2Binaryfilereadwrite七.Templates七七.1FunctiontemplatestemplateTMax（Tx,Ty）return（xy?

x:

y）;七七.2Classtemplates#includeconstintSTACKSIZE=50;templateclassStackT*m_pItem;intm_top;intm_size;public:

Stack（intsize=STACKSIZE）m_size=size;m_pItem=newintsize;m_top=-1;voidPush（Titem）m_pItem+m_top=item;TPop（）;templateTStack:

Pop（）returnm_pItemm_top-;voidmain（）Stacks（10）;inti;for（i=0;i10;i+）s.Push（i）;for（i=0;i10;i+）couts.Pop（）endl;八.Exceptionhandling八八.1assert八八.2returntrue/false八八.3try/catchthrow#includeclassOverflow;classUnderflow;constintSTACKSIZE=50;templateclassStackT*m_pItem;intm_top;intm_size;public:

Stack（intsize=STACKSIZE）m_size=size;m_pItem=newintsize;m_top=-1;voidPush（Titem）if（m_top=m_size-1）throwOverflow（）;m_pItem+m_top=item;TPop（）;templateTStack:

Pop（）if（m_top0）throwUnderflow（）;returnm_pItemm_top-;voidmain（）Stacks（3）;inti;tryfor（i=0;i10;i+）s.Push（i）;catch（Overflowobj）coutStackOverflowendl;tryfor（i=0;i10;i+）couts.Pop（）endl;catch（Underflow）coutStackUnderflowendl;globaldataareastackheap九.Copy-constructorT（constT&）overloading=overloadingT（const&T）classStringchar*p;intl;public:

String（char*s=null）if（s）l=:

strlen（s）;p=newcharl+1;:

strcpy（p,s）elsep=null;l=0;String（constString&s）if（s.p）l=:

strlen（s.p）;p=newcharl+1;:

strcpy（p,s.p）elsep=null;l=0;String（）deletep;Strings1（“Hi”）;Strings2=s1;一十.Virtualdestructors&Purevirtualfunctions（虚析构函数与纯虚函数）Abstractbaseclasses（抽象基类）classBaseint*p;public:

Base（intsize）p=newintsize;Base（）deletep;classDerive:

publicBasechar*s;public:

Derive（intsize）:

Base（size）s=newcharsize;Derive（）s=newcharsize;Base*pB=newDerive（10）;deletepB;一十一.Run-timetypeidentification（RTTI）typeid（t）.name（）#includeclassBase;classDerive:

publicBase;voidmain（）Base*bp=newDerive;couttypeid（*bp）.name（）endl;一十二.C+explicitcastsdynamic_castdowncastingstatic_castupcastingreinterpret_castconst_castBaseb;Derived;Base*bp;Derive*dp;bp=dynamic_cast（&d）;bp=&b;dp=dynamic_cast（bp）;bp=*d;dp=dynamic_cast（bp）;Derive&dr1=dynamic_cast（*bp）;Derive&dr2=dynamic_cast（b）;一十三.HowC+implementslatebindingVTABLEVPTR一十四.StaticmembersclassAstaticintm;intn;Aa1,a2;A1.m=7;A*ap=newA;coutmm+=12;coutm”,”;deleteaplcouta1.m;一十五.NamespacenamespaceAintm;namespaceBintm;intn;voidFb（）m=3;n=4;voidFa（）B:

m+=7;m=23;namespaceBintm;intm;voidF（）m=8;A:

m=9;B:

m=10;A:

B:

m=10;一十六.Pointertoclassmember一十七.MultipleinheritanceclassBase1inti;classBase2inti;classDerive:

publicBase1,publicBase2floatf;intgetInt（）returni;floatgetFloat（）returnf;