Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 导学案3.docx

Unit 2 Sailing the oceans 导学案3.docx

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Unit2Sailingtheoceans导学案3

Unit2Sailingtheoceans

导学案

✧mercy

noun（pl.-ies）

1.[U]akindorforgivingattitudetowardssbthatyouhavethepowertoharmorrighttopunishhumanity:

toask/beg/pleadformercyTheyshowednomercytotheirhostages.Godhavemercyonus.Thetroopsareonamercymission（=ajourneytohelppeople）inthewarzone.

2.[C,usuallysing.]（informal）aneventorasituationtobegratefulfor,usuallybecauseitstopssthunpleasant:

It’samercyshewasn’tseriouslyhurt.Hisdeathwasamercy（=becausehewasingreatpain.

atthemercyofsb/sthnotabletostopsb/sthharmingyoubecausetheyhavepowerorcontroloveryou:

I’mnotgoingtoputmyselfatthemercyofthebank.Wewereatthemercyoftheweather.

leavesb/sthtothemercy/merciesofsb/sthtoleavesb/sthinasituationthatmaycausethemtosufferortobetreatedbadly:

privatizedcompanieslefttothemercyofmarketforces（humorous）I’llleaveyoutothetendermerciesoftheseladies!

throwyourselfonsb’smercy（formal）toputyourselfinasituationwhereyoumustrelyonsbtobekindtoyouandnotharmorpunishyou

✧longside

prep.

1.nexttooratthesideofsth:

Apolicecarpulledupalongsideus.alifeboatmooredalongsidetheyachtMuchofthelandalongsidetheriverisbelowsealevel.

2.togetherwithoratthesametimeassth/sb:

Traditionalbeliefsstillflourishalongsideamodernurbanlifestyle.

✧exploration

noun[C,U]

1.theactoftravellingthroughaplaceinordertofindoutaboutitorlookforsthinit:

theexplorationofspaceoilexploration（=searchingforoilintheground）

2.anexaminationofsthinordertofindoutaboutit:

thebook’sexplorationsofthehumanmind

✧accelerate

verb

1.tohappenortomakesthhappenfasterorearlierthanexpected:

[v]Inflationcontinuestoaccelerate.[vn]Exposuretothesuncanacceleratetheageingprocess.

2.[v]（ofavehicleorperson）tostarttogofaster:

Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyaroundthebend.Thecaracceleratedtoovertakeme.

✧secure

adj.

HAPPY/CONFIDENT

1.feelinghappyandconfidentaboutyourselforaparticularsituation:

Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.Shefinishedthematch,secureintheknowledgethatshewasthroughtothenextround.

CERTAIN/SAFE

2.likelytocontinueorbesuccessfulforalongtime;safe:

asecurejob/incomeIt’snotaverysecurewaytomakealiving.Thefutureofthecompanylookssecure.

3.~（against/fromsth）thatcannotbeaffectedorharmedbysth:

Informationmustbestoredsothatitissecurefromaccidentaldeletion.

BUILDING/DOOR/ROOM

4.guardedand/ormadestrongersothatitisdifficultforpeopletoenterorleave:

Checkthatallwindowsanddoorshavebeenmadeassecureaspossible.asecureunitforchildoffendersThebuildingissecureagainstintruders.

FIRM

5.notlikelytomove,falldown,etc.;stable:

Theaerialdoesn’tlookverysecuretome.Itwasdifficulttomaintainasecurefootholdontheice.（figurative）Ourrelationshipwasnowonamoresecurefooting.

verb

GETSTH

1.~sth（forsb/sth）|~sbsth（formal）toobtainorachievesth,especiallywhenthismeansusingalotofeffort:

[vn]tosecureacontract/dealTheteammanagedtosecureaplaceinthefinals.Shesecured2.000votes.Thedelegationhassecuredthepromiseofaceasefire.[vn,vnn]Hesecuredaplaceforhimselfatlawschool.Hesecuredhimselfaplaceatlawschool.

FASTENFIRMLY

2.[vn]~sth（tosth）toattachorfastensthfirmly:

Shesecuredtheropefirmlytothebackofthecar.Thetablesonboardweresecuredfirmlytothefloor.

PROTECTFROMHARM

3.[vn]~sth（againststh）toprotectsthsothatitissafeanddifficulttoattackordamage:

tosecureapropertyagainstintrudersThewindowsweresecuredwithlocksandbars.（figurative）asavingsplanthatwillsecureyourchild’sfuture

ALOAN

4.[vn]tolegallyagreetogivesbpropertyorgoodsthatareworththesameamountasthemoneythatyouhaveborrowedfromthem,ifyouareunabletopaythemoneyback:

aloansecuredonthehouse

✧random

adj.[usuallybeforenoun]done,chosen,etc.withoutsbdecidinginadvancewhatisgoingtohappen,orwithoutanyregularpattern:

therandomkillingofinnocentpeoplearandomsample/selection（=inwhicheachthinghasanequalchanceofbeingchosen）Theinformationisprocessedinarandomorder.

noun

atrandomwithoutdecidinginadvancewhatisgoingtohappen,orwithoutanyregularpattern:

Sheopenedthebookatrandom（=notatanyparticularpage）andstartedreading.Theterroristsfiredintothecrowdatrandom.Nameswerechosenatrandomfromalist.

✧awkward

adj.

1.makingyoufeelembarrassed:

Therewasanawkwardsilence.Ifeltawkwardbecausetheyobviouslywantedtobealone.

2.difficulttodealwith:

Don’taskawkwardquestions.You’veputmeinanawkwardposition.anawkwardcustomer（=apersonwhoisdifficulttodealwith）Pleasedon’tbeawkwardaboutlettinghimcome.Itmakesthingsawkwardforeveryonewhenyoubehavelikethat.

3.notconvenient,inconvenient:

HaveIcomeatanawkwardtime?

4.difficultordangerousbecauseofitsshapeordesign:

Thisboxisveryawkwardforonepersontocarry.Thistoolwillreachintoawkwardcorners,suchasunderkitchenunits.

5.notmovinginaneasyway;notcomfortable:

Hetriedtodance,buthewastooclumsyandawkward.Imusthavesleptinanawkwardposition—I’machingallover.

✧reference

noun

MENTIONINGSB/STH

1.[C,U]~（tosb/sth）athingyousayorwritethatmentionssb/sthelse;theactofmentioningsb/sth:

ThebookisfullofreferencestogrowingupinIndia.Shemadenoreferencetoherillnessbutonlytoherfutureplans.thePresident’spassingreferenceto（=briefmentionof）theendofthewar

LOOKINGFORINFORMATION

2.[U]theactoflookingatsthforinformation:

Keepthelistofnumbersnearthephoneforeasyreference.Iwrotedownthenameofthehotelforfuturereference（=becauseitmightbeusefulinthefuture）.Thelibrarycontainsmanypopularworksofreference（=referencebooks）.

ASKINGFORADVICE

3.[U]~（tosb/sth）（formal）theactofaskingsbforhelporadvice:

Theemergencynursecantreatminorinjurieswithoutreferencetoadoctor.

NUMBER/WORD/SYMBOL

4.[C]（abbr.ref.）anumber,wordorsymbolthatshowswheresthisonamap,orwhereyoucanfindapieceofinformation:

ThemapreferenceisY4..Pleasequoteyourreferencenumberwhenmakinganenquiry.

FORNEWJOB

5.[C]aletterwrittenbysbwhoknowsyou,givinginformationaboutyourcharacterandabilities,especiallytoanewemployer:

Wewilltakeupreferencesaftertheinterview.

6.[C]apersonwhoagreestowriteareference,foryou,forexamplewhenyouareapplyingforajob:

Mypreviousbosswillactasareferenceforme.

INBOOK

7.[C]anoteinabookthattellsyouwhereaparticularpieceofinformationcomesfrom:

Thereisalistofreferencesattheendofeachchapter.

in/withreferenceto（formal）usedtosaywhatyouaretalkingorwritingabout:

WithreferencetoyourletterofJuly22...

verb[vn]（formal）torefertosth;toprovideabook,etc.withreferences:

Eachchapterisreferenced,citingliteratureupto2004.

✧precise

adj.

1.clearandaccurate;exact:

precisedetails/instructions/measurementsCanyougiveamoreprecisedefinitionoftheword?

Icanbereasonablypreciseaboutthetimeoftheincident.

2.[onlybeforenoun]usedtoemphasizethatsthhappensataparticulartimeorinaparticularway:

Wewerejusttalkingaboutherwhen,atthatprecisemoment,shewalkedin.Doctorsfoundithardtoestablishtheprecisenatureofherillness.

3.takingcaretobeexactandaccurate,especiallyaboutsmalldetails:

askilledandpreciseworkersmall,precisemovements（disapproving）She’sratherprimandprecise.

tobe（more）preciseusedtoshowthatyouaregivingmoredetailedandaccurateinformationaboutsthyouhavejustmentioned:

Theshelfisaboutametrelong—well,98cm,tobeprecise.

✧simplify

verb（simplifies,simplifying,simplified,simplified）[vn]tomakestheasiertodoorunderstand:

Theapplicationformshavenowbeensimplified.Ihopehisappointmentwillsimplifymatters.asimplifiedversionofthestoryforyoungchildren

✧portable

adj.thatiseasytocarryortomove:

aportableTVTheequipmentislightweight,portableandeasytostore.（figurative）aportableloan/pension（=thatcanbemovedifyouchangebanks,jobs,etc.）portablesoftware

nounasmalltypeofmachinethatiseasytocarry,especiallyacomputeroratelevision:

Thekidsareupstairswatchingtheportable（=television）.

✧shortcoming

noun[usuallypl.]afaultinsb’scharacter,aplan,asystem,etc.:

Shemademeawareofmyownshortcomings.Despiteanumberofshortcomings,theprojectwillstillgoahead.

✧update

verb[vn]

1.tomakesthmoremodernbyaddingnewparts,etc.:

It’sabouttimeweupdatedoursoftware.

2.~sb（onsth）|~sthtogivesbthemostrecentinformationaboutsth;toaddthemostrecentinformationtosthbringuptodate:

Icalledtheofficetoupdatethemontheday’sdevelopments.Ourrecordsareregularlyupdated.

✧tendency

noun（pl.-ies）

1.[C]~（forsb/sth）（todosth）|~（to/towardssth）ifsb/sthhasaparticulartendency,theyarelikelytobehaveoractinaparticularway:

todisplayartistic,etc.tendenciesIhaveatendencytotalktoomuchwhenI’mnervous.Thereisatendencyforthisdiseasetoruninfamilies.Shehasastrongnaturaltendencytowardscaution.Thismaterialhasatendencytoshrinkwhenwashed.

2.[C]~（forsb/sth）（todosth）|~（to/towardssth）anewcustomth