被动语态讲解.docx

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被动语态讲解.docx

被动语态讲解

被动语态讲解

?

一、总述:

英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态(TheActiveVoice)和被动语态(ThePassiveVoice).主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)

Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)

汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:

助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。

二、被动语态的形式

1)常用时态的被动语态的构成:

被动语态的基本形式为助动词be+及物动词的过去分词,即bedone。

被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。

以give为例,列表如下:

一般现在时:

am/is/are+given

一般过去时:

was/were+given

一般将来时:

shall/will+be+given

过去进行时:

was/were+being+given

现在进行时:

am/is/are+being+given

过去完成时:

had+been+given

现在完成时:

have/has+been+given

将来完成时:

shall/will+havebeen+given

过去将来时:

should/would+be+given

现在完成进行时:

have/hasbeenbeingdone

含情态动词的被动语态:

情态动词+bedone

?

[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。

2)被动语态的否定式:

在第一个助动词后加not构成。

Russian?

is?

not?

taught?

in?

our?

school.?

我们学校不教俄语。

3)被动语态的疑问式:

把第一个助动词提到主语之前,句尾加问号构成。

Were?

many?

trees?

planted?

on?

the?

hill?

yesterday?

昨天山上种了许多树吗?

?

?

?

?

How?

much?

money?

was?

stolen?

in?

all?

一共被偷了多少钱?

?

三、被动语态使用范围

谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没必要。

?

?

?

动作承受者需强调,用被动语态莫忘了。

1.Somestampswerestolenlastweek.

2.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.

3.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.

四、主动语态与被动语态的转换

1.主语+谓语+宾语

练习:

将下列各句改为被动语态。

1.Heplantstreesinspring.

2.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.

3.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.

4.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm.

5.AmycantakegoodcareofGina.

6.Wearepaintingtherooms.

7.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.

8.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.

9.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.

10.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.

主动语态变被动语态口诀:

宾语提前主语变,

原主变宾by后见,

时态人称be关键。

注意:

把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.

Anewcomputer______beenbought.

2.主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb.)+直接宾语(sth.)

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.

Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.

注意:

一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:

bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。

一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:

build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。

练习1:

将下列句子变为被动语态。

1)Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.

2)Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.

练习2:

在横线上填for或者to.

1)Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmade_____me.)

2)Themeatwascooked______us.

3)Mybikewaslent____her.

4)Somecountrymusicwasplayed_____us.

5)Thecupwithmixturewasshowed______theclass.

注意:

有些既不用to也不用for,根据动词与介词的搭配关系。

Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)

PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.

TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短语)

3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。

如:

Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

注意:

在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。

Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.

注意:

带有复合宾语的句子,如果宾语补足语是名词,变被动句时,应将宾语变为主语,不要误把宾语补足语的名词作主语。

如:

TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.

误:

Loveappleswerecalledthem.

正:

Theywerecalledloveapples.

五、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句:

第一,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义,如:

feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

—Doyoulikethematerial?

—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

误:

Itisfeltverysoft.

Thefoodtastesdelicious.

误:

Thefoodistasteddelicious.

Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

误:

Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

第二,谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。

如:

Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.

误:

Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.

Shehadherhandburned.

误:

Herhandwashadburned.

第三,不及物动词没有被动语态,如:

rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。

Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.

误:

Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.

Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.

误:

Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.

第四,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,如:

takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。

如:

Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

误:

Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.

第五,宾语是反身代词,相互代词,同源宾语,不定式,v-ing形式及抽象名词等,不能变为被动句子的主语,如:

ItaughtmyselfEnglish.

误:

MyselfwastaughtEnglish.

Weloveeachother.

误:

Eachotherisloved.

第六、有些动词既是及物又是不及物,当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时,表示主语内在品质或性能,是不及物动词,用主动表示被动,这时不用被动语态,常见的有:

write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。

如:

Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。

Thenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。

Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。

对比:

Thebookssellwell.(主动句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)

Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)

六、特殊句式

在汉语中,有一类句子不出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,例如:

据说……Itissaidthat…

据报导……Itisreportedthat…

据推测……Itissupposedthat…

希望……Itishopedthat…

众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议……Itissuggestedthat…

1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.

2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.

练习:

1.变被动语态:

1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.

Knives____________forcuttingthings.

2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.

Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.

3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.

________________________onthefloor.

4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.

She_____________toreturnthebookintime.

5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.

He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.

6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.

Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.

7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?

___________________________atthistimelasttime?

8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?

_______ourwork_____________today?

10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.

Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.

11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.

Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.

12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.

Thebike___________________intwodays.

13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.

Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.

14.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.

German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.

15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?

______thisquestionoften_______about______________?

2.在横线上填写括号内所给动词的适当形式:

1)Teenagersshould__________(allow)togooutatnight.

2)Thetelephone___________(invent)byBell.

3)English____________(speak)inChina.

4)Thecar___________(make)inChina.

5)Theroommust____________(clean)everyday.

3.翻译

1)Theshirtwasheswell.

2)Theshirtisbeingwashednow.

3)Thedoorwon’tlock.

4)Theshopisclosednow.

5)Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.

6)Itisreportedthatthebigfirehasbeenputout.

7)台湾属于中国.

8)韩寒的书很畅销.

9)这录音机不转.

10)火灾是怎样发生的?

11)这个问题值得讨论.

12)这种布摸起来很柔软.

4.选择正确答案

1.WhenIgottohisoffice,I__________thathe_________out.

A.told,hadbeenB.wastold,was

C.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen

2.Thevegetablesdidn’ttasteverygood.They______fortoolong.

A.cookedB.werecookedC.hadcookedD.hadbeencooked

3.Theanti-Japanesewar______in1937andit______eightyears.

A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lasted

C.breakout,lastedD.brokeout,waslasted

4.Shewasheard________anEnglishsong.

A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesang

5.Theseboxesareveryheavy___.

A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarrying

6.Thepolicefoundthatthehouse________andalotofthings________.

A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolen

C.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolenD.hasbrokeninto,hasstolen

7.Coalcan________toproduceelectricityforagricultureandindustry.

A.haveusedB.usedC.beusedD.use

8.Johnhasneverdreamtof_________.

A.takentoAthensB.takingtoAthens

C.betakingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthens

9.Nobodylikes__________.

A.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughed

10.Thebridge___________willbecompletednextyear.

A.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.building

11.Itissaidthattigers________inAsiayearafteryear.

A.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearing

C.willbedisappearedD.willdisappear

12.I’mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything____

toyourmother?

A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking

13.Takeiteasy.Thereisnothing______.

A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryabout

14.Yournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology

_______sofast.

A.isdevelopedB.isbeingdeveloped

C.hasbeendevelopedD.willdeveloped

15.Iwon’tgotothepartyunless_________.

A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.inviting

16.Theproblem________lastweekisveryimportant.

A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussed

17.Weshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom________.

A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangered

18.Therearenorivers_______outoftheDeadSea.

A.flowedB.flowingC.beingflowedD.beflown

19.Thisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo______

forpandastofeedon.

A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleft

20.Allthepreparationsforthetask________,andwearereadytostart.

A.completedB.complete

C.h

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