专题13 定语从句知识精讲届江苏高考英语单项填空.docx
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专题13定语从句知识精讲届江苏高考英语单项填空
2018届江苏高考英语单项填空讲练测13（定语从句）──知识精讲
定语从句的基本用法
一、定语从句的基本概念
由关系代词或副词引导一个句子来修饰一个名词、代词亦或一个句子的从句被称之为定语从句（又称形容词性从句），是跟名词性从句以及状语从句（又称副词性从句）相齐名的三大从句之一。
1.定语从句的三要素
先行词：
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词，亦或是一个句子；
关系代词或副词：
引导定语从句的词；
关系代词在从句中充当：
主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分，而关系副词只可以充当状语。
①Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
②Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom_______youreceivedgifts?
A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom
③Aperson_______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
④Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents_______allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who
⑤Anecosystemconsistsofthelivingandnonlivingthingsinanarea_______interactwithoneanother.
A.thatB.whereC.whoD.what
⑥Mozart’sbirthplaceandthehouse_______hecomposed‘TheMagicFlute’arebothmuseumsnow.
A.whereB.whenC.thereD.which
⑦Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime_______heshouldbeabletobeindependent.
A.whichB.whereC.whomD.when
⑧Idon’tknowthereason_______youwereabsentfromthemeeting,andIamnotsurewhethersomeonewilltellmethereason_______youhaven’ttoldme.
A.why;thatB.that;whyC.because;whyD.ofwhich;that
2.定语从句的种类
限制性定语从句：
从句对其所修饰的先行词起限制作用，若没有了这个从句从句，句子意思要么不完整要么就改变意思，故主从句之间不用逗号隔开。
非限制性定语从句：
从句对其所修饰的先行词补充说明，若没有这个从句，句意相对完整，故主从句之间往往用逗号隔开。
①Finallyhereachedalonelyisland_______wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom
②Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,_______isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what
二、关系代（副）词的基本用法
1.关系代词的用法
关系代词
先行词
在从句中所做成分
who
指人
主语、表语或宾语
whom
指人
宾语，特别注意作介词的宾语
whose
指人或指物
定语
that
指人、指物或事情
主语、表语或宾语
as
指人或指主句内容
主语、表语或宾语
which
指物或事情、指主句内容
主语、表语或宾语
①Aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,_______urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandsheltertosurvive.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.what
②Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_______Ihadevermetbefore.
A.themB.whoC.whomD.these
③IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acity_______namewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.
A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose
④Myfriendshowedmeroundthetown,_______wasverykindofhim.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
⑤Pleasesendusalltheinformation_______youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.what
⑥Theairqualityinthecity,_______isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
A.thatB.itC.asD.what
2.关系副词的用法
关系副词
先行词
在从句中所做成分
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
①Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_______local5-starhotelscharged6,000yuanforonenight.
A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since
②Lifeislikealongrace_______wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
③Thereason_______herefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn’tgivehimaninvitationearlier.
A.howB.whyC.whichD.that
定语从句的重点点击
一、关系代词的用法注意点
1.只能用关系代词that的情况
先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代词时
Nowall_______isurgentlyneededismoneyandhands.
先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时；
Weheardclearlyeveryword_______hesaid.
先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
Thethirdplace_______wearegoingtovisitisHangzhou.
先行词既指人又指物时
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleandplaces_______impressedhermost.
先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
He’stheonlyboyinourcity_______enterstheBeijingUniversity.
句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时
Whoisthegirl_______drovethecar?
2.只能用which,who,whom的情况
在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
▲Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,_______turnedouttobeawisedecision.
A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where
▲Ellenwasapainterofbirdsandnature,_______,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom
在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
▲Guncontrolisasubject_______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.
A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich
▲Haveyousentthank-younotestotherelativesfrom_______youreceivedgifts?
A.whichB.themC.thatD.whom
先行词本身是that时，关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时常常用who。
▲Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose_______aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which
3.theway做先行词时，定语从句可以用that和inwhich引导或是省略的
▲Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
4.as与which,that的用法区别
①such…as（引导定语从句），such…that（引导结果状语从句）
“so/such…that….”引导的是结果状语从句，从句的成分是完整的，也就是说that只起连接作用。
“such…as…”引导的是定语从句，从句的成分是不完整的，也就是说as代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
比如下列三句表达的是一个意思：
Thisissuchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.（定语从句）
Thisissoheavyastonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）
Thisissuchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.（结果状语从句）
▲Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowprice_______peopleexpected.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
▲Popmusicis_______animportantpartofsociety_______ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.
A.Such,asB.Such,thatC.So,asD.So,that
②thesame…as和thesame...that的区别
thesame…as表示“与……一样（但不是同一个）”，而thesame…that表示“同一个，就是那一个”的意思。
▲Thecoatyouwearnowisthesame________Iboughtyesterday.
A.likeB.asC.thatD.which
③as和which指代主句的内容时所引导的定语从句的区别
如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，甚至可以插在主句中间，那么用as；而which引导的从句一般放在主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
▲Alotoflanguagelearning,_______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
A.asB.itC.whichD.this
▲TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,_______isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.
A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
二、关系副词的用法注意点
1.where引导的定语从句
关系副词where引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作地点状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示（具体或抽象的）地点的名词。
特别注意下面这些表示地点的抽象名词：
case,situation,point,stage,position等
①It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituation_______theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
②Ihavereachedapointinmylife_______Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.
A.whichB.whereC.howD.why
③—Believeitornot,mysisterandIaretwins.
—Oh,youmusthavehadthecase_______youweretakenforyoursister.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.whom
④Theconflicthaddevelopedintoastage_______thetwocountriesweregatheringbigtroopsontheborder.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.that
⑤Salesdirectorisaposition_______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassales
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.where
2.when引导的定语从句
关系副词when引导定语从句时,只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。
但是有些名词不是一眼就能看出是表示时间的，要经过认真分析才能确定。
①SpringFestivalisthemostimportantfestivalinChinaandanoccasion_______allfamilymembersgettogether,justlikeChristmasintheWest.
A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which
②She’llneverforgetherstaythere_______shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
③Weliveinanage_______moreinformationisavailablewithgreateasethaneverbefore.
A.whyB.whenC.towhomD.onwhich
④Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
3.why引导的定语从句
对比下列三种句型：
①Thereasonwhy（定语从句）...isthat（表语从句）...……为什么……的原因是……
Thereasonwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathegotuplate.他上学为什么迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
②That’swhy（表语从句）...那就是……为什么……的原因。
Hegotuplate.That’swhyhewaslateforschool.他起床晚了。
那就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。
③itisbecause（表语从句）...那是因为……。
Hewaslateforschool.Itwasbecausehegotuplate.他上学了。
那是因为他起床晚了。
三、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句的基本形式是：
介词（介词短语）+关系代词（①②③）。
其常见的拓展形式有：
1.不定代词＋介词＋关系代词（④）
2.the＋名词＋介词＋关系代词（有变形）（⑤⑥）
3.数词＋介词＋关系代词（⑦）
4.the＋形容词比较级（最高级）＋介词＋关系代词（⑧）
5.介词＋whose＋名词（⑨）
6.介词＋which＋名词（⑩）
①Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,_______hewentontoCambridge.
A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis
②Atlastwereachedalonelyvillage,_______abeautifulriver.
A.infrontofitlayB.infrontofwhichlay
C.infrontofitlaidD.infrontofwhichlied
③Thepilotlostcontrolwiththemilitarybase,_______theplanecrashedinthedesert.
A.bymeansofwhichB.forwhich
C.incaseofwhichD.asaresultofwhich
④JuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_______shespokefluently.
A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that
⑤Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof_______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.
A.thatB.itC.whatD.which
⑥Inourclassthereare46students,_______halfwearglasses.
A.inwhomB.inthemC.ofwhomD.ofthem
⑦Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_______lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
A.whomB.whichC.themD.those
⑧Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.
A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich
⑨IwishtothankProfessorSmith,without_______helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
⑩Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,_______hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanoftheStudents’Union.
A.duringwhichtimeB.forwhic
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