Chapter 16并列结构和从属结构.docx
《Chapter 16并列结构和从属结构.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Chapter 16并列结构和从属结构.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
Chapter16并列结构和从属结构
Chapter16并列结构和从属结构
1.并列结构
⑴并列连词
并列关系
and,aswellas,both…and…,notonly…butalso…,either…or…
选择关系
or,orelse,either…or…
转折关系
but,yet,while,whereas
因果关系
for,so
练习
1.Organismsregulatetheirmovements__D__positionsinresponsetoenvironmentalstimuli.
A.have
B.where
C.as
D.and
2.Fiveminutesearlier,__A__wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
3.Sometimespatientssufferingfromseverepaincanbehelpedby“drugs”thataren’treallydrugsatall__C__sugarpillsthatcontainnoactivechemicalelements.
A.orrather
B.ratherthan
C.butrather
D.otherthan
4.Aknotisajoiningoftwopiecesofrope__B__ofcord.
A.with
B.or
C.because
D.where
5.IthinkIwasatschool,__A__IwasstayingwithafriendduringthevacationwhenIheardthenews.
A.orelse
B.andthen
C.orso
D.evenso
6.Argonisusedtofilllightbulbs,__B__notreactwiththewhite-hotmetalofthefilament.氩被用来充满灯泡，____它不予炽热的金属丝反应。
A.does
B.foritdoes
C.initdoes
D.itdoes
7.TheEarthattractsbodiestowarditscenter,__B__allbodiesfallinadirectlinetowardthatpoint.
A.that
B.so
C.however
D.nevertheless
8.GreatSaltLakeisfedbyfresh-waterstreams,__A__isaboutfourtofiveassaltyattheocean.
A.yet
B.which
C.there
D.despite
9.Manysmallbirdsusenewsitesforeachnesting,__D__largebirdsoftenreusethesamenest.
A.by
B.how
C.within
D.whereas
10.Abridgemustbestrongenoughtosupportitsownweight__C__theweightofthepeopleandvehiclesthatuseit.
A.aswell
B.sowell
C.aswellas
D.sowellas
11.Theelementcarboniswidelyfoundinnatureinmanyformsincludingbothdiamondsaswellascoal.
12.Alegislativebodyhasthepowernotonlytopassnewlaws,____repellawsthathavebeenpassedearlier.
A.to
B.butalsoto
C.andto
D.inorderto
13.Prof.Wardhardlyeverwentto____thetheatre.
A.neitherthecinemanor
B.neitherthecinemaor
C.eitherthecinemanor
D.eitherthecinemaor
⑵简单并列
Iamonly63,butIfeelanhundred.
Wehavearrivedatthehotel,andfinditverycomfortable.
Theyranacrossthefieldandpastthefarmhouse.
I’llgiveyouanicecupofteaandagingerbiscuit.
Weareblessedbyhavingknownandlovedamanofsuchgoodnessandwisdom.
⑶复杂并列
Mymotherboughtashirtforme,andahatformybrother.
WenamedtheboyAlienandthegirlBetty.
Sheputthebooksonthedeskandtheclothesonthebed.
HewenttothiscityinMayandtothatcityinJune.
Insummer,manypeoplegototheseasideandbatheinthesea.
⑷插入并列和追加并列
在简单句中
IamnotsurewhetherJane,orSally,wrotetheletter.
Peter,butnotJohn,playsfootball.
在复杂并列句中
Peterwill,andBobmight,takethecourse.
Heis,oratleasthewas,amajorcomposer.
Jamesread,andAlicewrote,inthenextroom.
Someanimalsswallow,andothersinstinctivelyavoid,highlydangerousobjects.
Alleniskeenon,andJimseemsinterestedin,linguistics.
⑸假并列
I’lltryandanswerthequestion.
Theysatandtalkedaboutthegoodoldtimes.
Itisniceandcooltoday.
Theairisniceandclean.
⑹准并列
Themoney,alongwiththreepaintings,wasstolenyesterday.
TheMinister,ratherthanthetradesunions,isresponsibleforthepresentimpasse僵局.
aswellas
Aswellasbreakinghisleg,hehurthisarm.介词
比较：
Sheiscleveraswellasbeautiful.并列连词
Hemustirrevocablyloseheraswellastheinheritance.并列连词
Shesingsaswellasplayingthepiano.
ratherthan
Shetelephonedratherthanwrite/writing/wrote.
Theywereskiingratherthanskating.
Iwanttosunbatheratherthan（to）swim.
Sheplayedmatchesratherthanwatchedthem.
Ratherthanyousayanything,Iwouldspeaktothemanagermyself.
ifnot和nottosay=ifonemaynotsay/nottomention,totospeakof/tosaynothingof
Itwouldbefoolish,ifnotmad,tosellyourcar.
Hehasexperience,tosaynothingofscholarship.
stillless=muchless和letalone=stillless,stillmore=muchmore
Idon’tlikehim,stilllessrespecthim.
Hecandoit,stillmoreyou.
more…than…肯定前者，否定后者
Iwasmoreangrythanfrightened.
Heismoredeadthanalive.
Shehadspokenmoreinsorrowthaninanger.
notsomuch…as…=notsomuchXasY=moreYthanX=YratherthanX
Idon’tsomuchdislikehimashatehim.我与其说不喜欢他，不如说我恨他。
Heisnotsomuchunintelligentasuneducated.
Thedifferencebetweenthetwophrasesdoesnotliesomuchinformasinmeaning.
2.限定性状语从句/关系从句与并列分句的转换
⑴时间、原因、让步、结果、对比等状语从句→并列句
时间：
Whenviolentstormsarose,theworkerssoughtshelterinthehuts.Whenviolentstormsarose=Violentstormsaroseand,…
原因：
Asyouaretired,youhadbettertakearest.
Youaretired,andhadbettertakearest.
让步：
AlthoughthetreatywassignedatPanmunjonin1953,Koreawasstillnotaunitedcountry.
ThetreatywassignedatPanmunjonin1953,butKoreawasstillnotaunitedcountry.
结果：
Thebridgehadbeendestroyed,sothattheycouldnotreturn.
Thebridgehadbeendestroyed,and（so）thattheycouldnotreturn.
对比：
Heisfat,whereashiswifeisthin.
Heisfat,buthiswifeisthin.
⑵否定条件状语从句→并列句
Ifwedon’thurryup,weshallbelate.
Hurryup,orweshallbelate.
Ifshewerenotengaged,shemighthaveacceptedhisproposal.
Shewasengaged,orshemighthaveacceptedhisproposal.
Unlessyoustudyharder,youwillneverpassyourexamination.
Studyharder,oryouwillneverpassyourexamination.
⑶接续性关系从句→并列句
I’veinvitedAnn,wholivesinthenextflat.
I’veinvitedAnn,andshelivesinthenextflat.
Shegavemethisjumper,whichshehadknittedherself.
Shegavemethisjumper;shehadknittedherself.
⑷句子关系从句→并列句
Therainrattledontheroofallnight,whichkeptusawake.
Therainrattledontheroofallnight,andthatkeptusawake.
Herefusedtodohisshareofthechores,whichwewereangrytohear.
Herefusedtodohisshareofthechores,andwewereangrytohearit.
⑸非限定状语→并列谓语/并列句
Enteringacovert丛林,shewalkedalongaride骑马道.
Sheenteredacovert,andwalkedalongaride.
Youmenbythedozencameup,askinghertodance.
Youmenbythedozencameup,andaskedhertodance.
Drenched湿透andblindedbytherain,shefoughthereway.
Shewasdrenched湿透andblindedbytherain,andshefoughthereway.
Thegamebeingover,therewasnopointinourwaitinglonger.
Thegamewasover,andtherewasnopointinourwaitinglonger.
3.无依附非限定性结构
⑴作谓语外加状语、隐含主语泛指任何人或讲话人
talkingof,speakingof,puttingitmildly说得客气一点,judgingby,beginning（with）,takingintoconsideration,tobefrank,tosaytheleast退一步讲,statedbluntly不客气地讲,etc.
Generallyspeaking（=Ifonemayspeakinageneralsense）,boysareanuisance.
Judgingby（=Ifonemayjudgeby）thetimehetookoverit,itmusthavebeenadifficultjob.
Tobefrankwith（=Itellyoufrankly）,Idon’tthibktheplanwillsucceed.
⑵隐含主语是整个主要结构/领句
Thenewmachinewillworkfaster,thusreducingourcoats.
=Wehopethenewmachinewillworkfaster,thusreducingourcoast.
⑶隐含主语是不定代词
Bearinginmindthecompetitiveenvironment,thisisacreditable可信的result.（=Ifonebearsinmind…,…）
Indiving,thekneesshouldnotbebent.（=Whenoneisdiving,…）
Whenpurchasingawintercoat,itisveryimportanttotryitonwithheavyclothingunderneath.（=Whenoneispurchasing…）
Toacquireareallygoodpronunciation,itisnecessarytogotoEngland.（=Ifoneistoacquire…）
Being（Itbeing）Christmas,thegovernmentofficeswereclosed.（=Sinceitwas…）
⑷when和where引导的过去分词结构
Taketendropswhenneeded.
Youaretoinsertprepositionswhererequired.
练习
1.Theworldwideracetodevelopanaffordablesyntheticfuelhassofarconsumedbillionsofdollarsand____fewresults.
A.yielded
B.yielding
C.yieldhas
D.hasayieldof
2.Somecompanieshaveintroducedflexibleworkingtimewithlessemphasisonpressure____.
A.thanmoreonefficiency
B.andmoreefficiency
C.andmoreonefficiency
D.thanefficiency
3.Nebraskahasfloodsinsomeyears,____.
A.inothersdroughts
B.droughtsareothers
C.whileothersdroughts
D.othersindroughts
4.While____thesun,thesatellitehassentmorethanfourbillionbitesofinformationbacktoearth.
A.orbited
B.beingorbited
C.havingbeenorbited
D.orbiting
5.IlikewatchingTV____tothecinema.
A.morethantogo
B.thangoing
C.ratherthantogo
D.morethangoing
6.DukeEllingtonwasacomposer,conductor,andpianist____rankedasoneofthegreatestofjazzfigures.
A.him
B.although
C.or
D.who
7.Aschoreographer,MarthaGrahamdevisedawidevarietyofmovementsandgestures____newwaysofthinkingaboutthebody.
A.aswell
B.andaswell
C.andwell
D.aswellas
8.InScandinaviancountrieshouseholdgoodsaredevisedbothtofunctionwell____.
A.andtobelookingbeautiful
B.andtolookbeautiful
C.andtobebeautifullooking
D.aswellastolookbeautiful
9.Jeanhadnotrealizedhowlongthemagazinewasor____.
A.itsreadingdifficulty
B.thatitwassodifficulttoread
C.itsdifficultyinreading
D.howdifficultitwastoread
10.Becauseofpoliticalandreligiouspersecution,immigrantsfledtothiscountry,fromindustrialcountries____non-industrialcountries.
A.aswellas
B.comingtoalsofrom
C.aswell
D.asfrommore
11.Collectingcoinswashisfavoritepastime,but____.
A.healsoenjoymusiclistening
B.listeningtomusicalsogavehimgreatpleasure
C.alsolisteningtomusic
D.tolistentomusicwasenjoyedbyhimalso
12.Itisbettertodieonone’sfeetthan____.
A.livingonone’sknees
B.liveonone’sknees
C.onone’sknees
D.toliveonone’sknees
13.WhileinEurope,thetouristsenjoyedtotheirheart’scontenttheweather,thefoodand____.
A.gotothethe
升级会员 