张颖 外文翻译文档格式.docx

张颖 外文翻译文档格式.docx

《张颖 外文翻译文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《张颖 外文翻译文档格式.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

1Introduction

IntheWorldEconomicForum（WEF）ratingofcompetitiveness,Taiwanwasrankedasthethirdintheworldin2004whenthetotalofinternetuserswasapproximately10,330,000andthepopulationtosurfthenetwasupto9,050,000.Withtherapidgrowingnatureofnetwork,muchmoreinvestmentonhumanresources,facilities,andservicesareurgentlyneeded.Taiwanispresentlyatthethirdstageofplanningtopromote‘theadvancedtype’ofelectronicgovernment.Retrospectively,atthefirststage,theelectronicgovernmentbroughtforthinnovationsinthenetworkingofpublicservices,expandingandpromotinggovernmentinformationdisclosure.Atthesecondstage,thefunctionandconvenienceoftheelectronicgovernmenthelpedencouragepeople’sparticipationinpublicaffairsandremoldTaiwangovernmentthoroughly,makingpossibleprogressivetransitionanddevelopmentofacivicsociety.

2ResearchMotiveandScope

Governmentinformationreferstogovernmentalorganizationswhichproduce,duringtheiroperations,obtain,utilize,propagate,keepandareresponsiblefortheinformationthattheypossess.In2006Taiwanclaimstheprimarygoaltopromotetheinfrastructureconstructionforgovernmentalnetwork.Mostofthegovernmentinstitutionsandofficesareequippedwithwide-bandfacilitieswith85%setuptheirownwebsites.14,000governmentinstitutionsandmorethan20,000academicinstitutionsareintegratedaltogether,capableofprovidingelectronicdeliveryandexchangeofdocument.Surveyresultindicatesthat75%ofthemajorofficesaffiliatedtotheExecutiveYuanareavailableinelectronicdocumentexchangesystem;

comparedto65%inthecountyormunicipalgovernmentofficesandagencies;

63%inlocalgovernments.Taiwan’sFreedomofInformationAct（TFOIA）waspassedinDecember2005.Peoplehaveeasyaccesstoknowabouttheadministrativeinformationfromthewebsitesatanytimesincethen.ThisresearchevaluateshowTFOIAworkssofarbysurveying250governmentalwebsitesinaccordancewiththeLaw.

3LiteratureReview

Historically,USandEuropewerethepioneersintheformulationofthelawregardinginformationandthedemandforthetransparencyofgovernmentinformation.Butobviouslythereweresomedifferences.TheUSFreedomofInformationAct（FOIA）waspassedin1966,whichdecreedthegovernmenttoannounceitsrulesandordersandtoensurecitizen’saccesstogovernmentinformation.Thecitizenhadtherighttoclaimextensiveinformationwhichthegovernmentwassupposedtorelease,exceptforstatesecretsandindividualprivacymaterials.AccordingtothetestimonyoftheAmericanBarAssociation,theUSadministrativeagenciesshouldactinaccordancewiththeobligationtodiscloseandspreadgovernmentinformationwhichwasextendedfromtraditionalmediatoelectronicforms,andmustprovideinformationineasyaccess,suchastheglobalinformationnetworkontheinternet.USmadearelevantregulationtosimplifythepaperworkin1995,namelyPaperworkReductionAct.Itspecifiesthefederalorganizationstoimplementthepolicyofinformationflow,encouragesthegovernmentdepartmentbasedonpublicinformation,andtriestocombinetheinformationresourcesofthegovernmentdepartmentandindividualenterprises.Themainideaisbasedontheassumptionthatgovernmentinformationisakindofresourcesbelongingtothepeople,thusanyinterestsgeneratedbythegovernment’sinformationcertainlygototheentiresocietyandshouldbeopentothepublic.Hence,theUnitedStatesisinconflictwithpeople’sinteresttodisclosefederalinformation,offeringoriginalinformationtoanyindividualenterprisessoastoenablethemtomakedecisionfortheirbestcommercialinterests.Tosumup,“freedomofinformation”and“thePaperworkReduction”makepossibletowidelyspreadinformationthroughpublicnetwork.Incontrast,Europeancountriesarenotactiveinthisrespect（Perritt&

Rustad,2000:

403-417）.

4TFOIAMeasurementandStatisticalAnalysis

4.1SamplingMethodandSurveyDesign

ThisresearchstartswithinvestigatingTaiwangovernmentorganizationwebsites.Sincetherearetoomanygovernment’sagenciesinTaiwan,itisimpossibletodoacomprehensivestudyofallgovernmentagenciesduetothelimitationoftimeandresources.Hence,thisresearchemploysthepurposivesamplingmethodtogetinformationof250governmentwebsites,includingadministrativeorganizations,publichospitals,judicialunits,police/fireoffices,countyandmunicipalgovernments,congress,etc.

Thisresearchexaminesthetotalamountof250samplescollectedfromcentralgovernmentwebsites,amongthem248samplesarevalidforanalysis.Theonlytwoinvalidsamplesindicatethatthesewebsitesdonothavethefunctiontoprovideanyservice.

Theresearchusesa3-pointscaleinsurveydesign.Thequestionnaireofthestudy,takenfromArticle7ofTFOIA,correspondstothedictionandphrasingofthesaidlawabouttheinformationthatthegovernmentshoulddisclosepublicly,exceptforsomewordingcommonlyusedinquestionnaire（Table1）.

Table1.TheContentofArticle7ofTFOIA

Itemno

o

Contents

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Whetherornotthewebsiteofferstreaty,documentsofforeign

relations,law,emergencyorder,andorder,regulationordering

andlocalautonomyregulationdecreedinaccordancewiththeStandardLawofCentralRegulation.

Whetherornotthewebsiteofferstheexplanatorystipulationsandjudgmentcriteriaregardingtheunifiedtheexplicationofthelaw,recognitionoffacts,andtheexerciseofexecutivejudgment,whicharedecreedbythegovernmenttohelpthegovernmentagencyatalowerleveloritssubordinates.

Whetherornotthewebsiteoffersdataonitsorganization,duty,address,telephonenumber,facsimilenumber,website,andEmailaccount.

Whetherthewebsiteoffersadministrativeguidelinestodocumentsandpaperworkrelatedtotheagencyornot.

Whetherthewebsiteoffersitsadministrativeplan,businessstatistics,andresearchpaperornot.

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Whetherthewebsiteoftheagencydisclosesitsbudgetandfiscalreportornot.

Whetherthewebsiteoffersthedisposalresultofpetitionandthedecisionofappealingornot.

Whetherthewebsiteofdisclosescontractsofpublicprojectsandpurchaseinwrittenformornot.

Whetherornotthewebsitedisclosesinformationofsubsidythattheagencyispaidorreceives.

4.2Government’sWebsitesProfiles

Byhierarchicallevel,49（19.76%）respondents（websites）arethelevel1agencies,suchas:

ministriesanddepartments;

94（37.90%）respondentsfromlevel2agencies;

57（22.98%）respondentsfromthebureauofagency;

22（8.87%）respondentsfromthelocalcityorcountycouncil;

and26（10.48%）respondents,thelocalgovernment.Byfunction,themajorityrespondentsarefromthegeneraladministration（111or44.76%）,61criminaljusticeandsocialservice（24.60%）,23legislation/parliament（9.27%）,themedicineandsocialwelfare16（6.45%）,and37state-runproduction（14.92%）.ThedescriptivelystatisticalresultaboutmeasuredArticle7（Q1-Q9）ofTFOIAisshowninTable2.Theaveragescoreis1.25,whichclearlyindicatesthattheperformanceofFreedomofInformationActinTaiwanisstillfarfromsatisfactory.Inaddition,“Whetherthewebsiteoftheagencydisclosesitsbudgetandfiscalreport.”（Q6）hasaveryhighcoefficientofrelativevariation（266%）.

Table2.FrequencyDistributionofItemsofArticle7,TFOIA（N=248）

ItemnoFrequencyaAverageCRVb（%）

Q137,27,63,1212.0852

Q2106,41,47,541.20110

Q30,9,48,1912.7319

Q438,70,55,851.7562

Q573,43,58,791.5678

Q6213,9,7,190.32266

Q7160,62,2,240.60180

Q8178,17,7,510.74164

Q9208,21,4,150.30261

a:

Correspondenttothescorevalueof0,1,2,3,respectively.

b:

Coefficientofrelativevariation.

4.3DataMining

Dataminingreferstoextracting