外文翻译压控高频LC振荡器的设计Word文档格式.docx
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xxx,JianghanUniversity
Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofwirelesscommunicationtechnology,makethemarketforrfintegratedcircuithashadahugedemand.Intherfcircuit,thevoltagecontroloscillation(VCO)occupiedaveryimportantposition.Withawiderangeofapplications.Intheearlystagesoftheradiotechnologydevelopment,itisusedtoproducehigh-frequencyintransmittercarriervoltage,Asaspecializedsuperheterodynereceiversinthemachineoscillator,besendingandreceivingequipmentbasiccomponents.Nowtheuseofoscillatorismoreandmorewidely.Forexample:
inradiocommunication,radio,andtelevisionequipmentusedtoproducetheneedofthecarrierandthemachineoscillationsignal;
Intheelectronicmeasuringinstrumentsusedtoproduceallsortsoffrequencysinesignals,etc.
Definition
Oscillatorissimplystatedafrequencysource,usuallyinaphaselockloop.Detailedsaidisthatadevicedon'
tneedthesignaltotheirownmotivation,DcpowercanbetransformedintoAcpower.Generallyfallintothepositivefeedbackandnegativeresistance.Theso-called"
oscillating"
Itsmeaningistoalludetoexchange,.Oscillatorincludesaneveroscillationtoprocessandfunctionofoscillation.Cancompletionfromdctoacpowertransformation,Thisdevicecanbecalled"
oscillator"
.
Oscillatorworkingprinciple
LCcircuitconsistingofcapacitorsandinductors,electricfieldandtheconversionofmagneticenergyproductionprocessfreeoscillation.Tomaintaintheoscillationalsohasapositivefeedbackamplifiercircuit,theLCoscillatorisdividedintoatransformercoupledandthree-pointoscillator,manyapplicationsofquartzcrystalquartzcrystaloscillator,LCoscillatorwithanintegratedoperationalamplifier.Exactlythesamedevicecannotbeparametersinthestateofthepowerthemomentthetwotransistoroccursachange,thischangeduetoincreasinglystrongroleinthepositivefeedback,leadingtoreachatemporarysteadystate.Duringthetemporarysteadystatetoanothertransistorbycapacitancegraduallychargeconductionorclosedstateofthefliptoanothertemporarysteadystate.Thiscycleofformationofoscillation.
Theclassificationofoscillator
OscillatoraredividedintoRC,LCoscillatorsandcrystaloscillator,1.TheRCoscillatorUsetheRCnetworkasfrequencyselectivephaseshiftingnetworkiscalledRCsinusoidaloscillatorBelongtoaudiooscillator.2.LCoscillatorsUsetheLCoscillationloopasmoveandfrequencyselectivenetworkofPositivefeedbackoscillatoriscalledLCoscillators.LCoscillatorsclassification:
(1)transformercouplingSinglepipeLCsinusoidaloscillatordifferencetotheLCsinusoidaloscillator
(2)ThreepointpatternCondenserthreepointpatternoscillator,threepointtypeoscillator(3)TheimprovementofthreetypeClapposcillator,Seileroscillator(4)Thedifferenceoftubeoscillator3.CrystaloscillatorTheoscillationfrequencyoftheoscillatorbyquartzcrystalcontrolledoscillator.
Thetemperaturecoefficientoscillator
Temperaturecoefficientoscillatorreferstoanoscillator,itsoscillationfrequencyandtemperaturehaveaspecificrelationshipbetweenthedifferenttemperaturescorrespondingtodifferentoscillationfrequencies.Conversely,measuringtheoutputfrequencyoftheoscillator,wecanmeasurethetemperature.Hightemperaturecoefficientoscillator:
itsoscillationfrequencyisaffectedbytemperature,aslightchangeintemperature,thefrequencywillchangealot,thatistemperaturesensitive,andmoreforthetemperaturesensor.lowtemperaturecoefficientoscillator:
theoscillationfrequencytemperaturehaslittleeffect,evenifthetemperaturevariesgreatly,itsfrequencyisessentiallythesame.
Quartzcrystaloscillator
Quartzcrystaloscillatorandnon-temperaturecompensatedcrystaloscillators,temperaturecompensatedcrystaloscillator(TCXO),voltagecontrolledcrystaloscillator(VCXO),thermostaticallycontrolledcrystaloscillator(OCXO)anddigital/μpcompensatedcrystaloscillator(DCXO/MCXO)andothertypes.Amongthem,temperaturecompensatedcrystaloscillatoristhesimplestone,intheJapaneseIndustrialStandard(JIS),calledthestandardpackagecrystaloscillator(SPXO).NowSPXOexample,abriefoverviewofthestructureandworkingprincipleofthequartzcrystaloscillator.
Quartzcrystals,naturalandartificial,isanimportantpiezoelectriccrystalmaterials.Thequartzcrystalitselfisnotanoscillator,itisonlybymeansoftheactiveencouragementandpassivereactancenetworkbeforeoscillation.SPXOismainlycomposedofhighcrystalresonators(crystaloscillator)andfeedbackoscillationcircuitofqualityfactor(Q).Thequartzcrystaloscillatorisanimportantcomponentintheoscillator,thefrequencyofthecrystal(fundamentalfrequencyorthen-thharmonicfrequency)anditstemperaturecharacteristicsdependlargelyonthecuttingorientation.
Poleonthecrystaloscillatorboardtoimposeanalternatingvoltage,itwillcausethechiptoproducemechanicaldeformationvibration,thisphenomenonistheso-calledinversepiezoelectriceffect.Whentheappliedvoltagefrequencyisequaltothenaturalfrequencyofthecrystalresonator,piezoelectricresonator,resultinginmechanicaldeformationamplitudeincreasessuddenly.Withthemetalplatebetweentheelectrostaticcapacitance;
L,andCisthepiezoelectricresonatorequivalentparameters;
Ristheequivalentresistanceofthevibrationfrictionloss.Quartzcrystalresonators,thereisaseriesresonantfrequencyfos(1/2π),thereisalsoaparallelresonantfrequencyfop(1/2π).DuetoaverysmalldifferencebetweentheCo.C,fopandfos,andtheRωOL,theR1/ωOCresonantcircuitqualityfactorQisveryhigh(uptoseveralmillions),sothatofthequartzcrystalresonatortheoscillatorfrequencystabilityisveryhigh,upto10-12/day.QuartzcrystaloscillationfrequencycanapproximateinfosDepartment,canalsoworkaroundtheinfop,aquartzcrystaloscillatorcanbedividedintotwokindsoftheseriesandshunt.Quartzcrystalresonatoranditsequivalentcircuit,replacethecomponentsoftheLCoscillatorconstitutesaresonantcircuitinductance(L)andcapacitance(C),itiseasytounderstandtheworkingprincipleofthecrystaloscillator.
SPXOthetotalaccuracy(includinginitialaccuracyandtemperature,voltage,andloadchanges)canbeupto±
25ppm.SPXOneithertemperaturecompensatedtemperaturecontrolmeasures,anditsfrequency-temperaturecharacteristicsalmostentirelydeterminedbythefrequency-temperaturecharacteristicsofquartzcrystaloscillator.Withintherangeof0~70℃SPXOfrequencystabilityistypically20~1000ppm,SPXOcanbeusedasaclockfrequencyoscillator.
Temperaturecompensatedcrystaloscillator(TCXO)
TCXOisgeneratedbytheambienttemperaturechangeofaquartzcrystaloscillatoroscillationfrequencychangereductionthroughadditionaltemperaturecompensationcircuitry.
1.TCXOtemperaturecompensation
InTCXOquartzcrystaloscillatorfrequencytemperaturedriftcompensationmethodofdirectcompensationandindirectcompensationaretwotypes:
directlycompensated
DirectcompensationTCXObythethermistorandthetemperaturecompensationcircuitcomposedofresistiveandcapacitivecomponentsintheoscillatorinserieswiththequartzcrystaloscillator.Changesintemperature,thethermistorresistanceandcrystalequivalentseriescorrespondingchangesinthevalueofthecapacitor,inordertooffsetorreducethetemperaturedriftoftheoscillationfrequency.Thecompensationcircuitissimple,lowercost,savingtheprintedcircuitboard(PCB)sizeandspaceforsmallandlow-voltagecurrentoccasion.However,whenthecrystaloscillatoraccuracyoflessthan±
1pmm,directcompensationisnotappropriate.
IndirectCompensation
Indirectcompensationtypeisdividedintoanaloganddigitaltwotypes.AnalogIndirecttemperaturecompensationthermistortemperaturesensingelementcomposedofthetemperature-voltageconversioncircuitandthevoltageappliedtothecrystaloscillatorseriesonacrystaloscillatorconnectedinseriesvaractorcapacitancechangesnonlinearcrystaloscillatorfrequencydriftcompensation.Themethodofcompensationtoachievehighaccuracyof±
0.5ppm,butrestrictedinthecaseoflowvoltagebelow3V.Indirecttemperaturecompensationofthedigitalplusatemperatureintheanalogcompensationcircuit-voltageconversioncircuitanalog/digital(A/D)converter,analogconvertdigital.TheActenablestheautomatictemperaturecompensationcrystaloscillatorfrequencystabilityisveryhigh,butthespecificcompensationcircuitismorecomplexandhighercostappliesonlytotheprecisionofbasestationsandradiostationsrequirements.
2.TCXOdevelopmentstatus
TCXObyleapsandboundsinthelastdecade,whichintheresearchanddevelopmentandproductionofprecisionTCXO,Japan'
sleadinganddominantposition.Mainstreamproductsinthelate1970scarphoneTCXOvolumeofmorethan20reducedto0.4,TCXOdevicesofultra-smallvolumeofonly0.27.In30years,theTCXOvolumereducedbymorethan50timesoreven100times.BeijingceramicscompanyinJapanusingthereflowsolderingmethodofproductionofsurfacemountTCXOthicknessfrom4mmto2mm,rated90%oftheoscillationamplitudein4msafterthestartoftheoscillationcanbeachieved.Stone(KSS)GroupTCXOfrequencyrangeof2~80MHzstabilitywhenthetemperaturechangesfrom-10°
Cto60°
C±
1ppmor±
2ppm;
digitalTCXOfrequencycoverageof0.2~90MHzfrequencystability±