0541258巫礼惠An Analysis of the Change of Pips Life Style in Great Expectations.docx

0541258巫礼惠An Analysis of the Change of Pips Life Style in Great Expectations.docx

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0541258巫礼惠AnAnalysisoftheChangeofPipsLifeStyleinGreatExpectations

本科毕业论文

题目AnAnalysisoftheChangeofPip’sLifeStyleinGreatExpectations

院别外国语学院

专业英语

班级2009级3班

姓名巫礼惠

学号20090541258

指导教师罗晓榆

2013-6

Contents

Abstract2

Introduction3

A.CharlesDickens3

B.GreatExpectations3

I.TheLifeofPip’sChildhood4

A.TheLivingandEducationalBackgroundofLittlePip4

B.TheTurningPointofPip’sLife4

1.EncounteringanEscapedConvict5

2.MeetingMissHavishamandEstella5

3.BeinganInheritorofaLargeAmountofCrypticProperty.6

II.ThePip’sLifeinLondon7

A.TheLifeinLondon7

B.TheDisillusionmentofPip’sGreatExpectations8

III.TheBeginningofNewLife9

A.TheProcessofSelf-reflection9

B.TheCausesofPip’sRevival9

1.TheInfluenceofMagwitch10

2.TheInfluenceofJoe10

3.TheInherentGoodNatureofPip11

Conclusion13

Notes14

Bibliography15

Acknowledgement16

Abstract:

Dickensisthegreatestnovelistin19thcentury,anoutstandingdelegateofcriticalrealism.GreatExpectationsisoneoftherepresentativeworksofCharlesDickens’,anditdescribespip’sgreatexpectationsofdisillusionprocess,throughthefactsoftheeducation,hefinallyregainedhiskindlyinnervirtueandrealizedhisbuckishworldisnovalve.Inthisthesis,bycarefullyanalyzesandcomparesthedifferentattitudestakenbypipinthreedifferentstages,andthendemonstratesthathowtheyinfluencethechangeofhislife.

Keywords:

CharlesDickens;GreatExpectations;attitudes;lifestyle

摘要:

狄更斯是英国19世纪最伟大的小说家，批判现实主义的杰出代表。

《远大前程》是狄更斯的代表作之一，是晚期的批判现实主义小说，它描述了皮普远大前程幻灭的过程，并通过一系列教育，最终找到了了人生的真正价值。

本文通过分析比较主人公皮普在三个不同时期所采取的生活态度，来进一步阐述这些不同的人生态度对主人公生活方式的影响。

关键词：

狄更斯；远大前程；态度；生活方式

AnAnalysisoftheChangeofPip’sLifeStyleinGreatExpectations

Introduction

GreatExpectationsisoneofCharlesDickens’smatureworks.ItisthestoryofPip’sdeteriorationfromaninnocentboyintoanarrogantgentlemanandhisredemption.Sincetheappearanceoftheworks,ithasarousedmuchattentionanddispute.ThepresentsituationoftheresearchontheGreatExpectationsofstudyturnsinfollowingaspects:

Femaleimage,thematicanalysisandnarrativefeature.Inordertohasacomprehensiveviewoftheauthor’soriginalpurposesinwriting,basedonpreviousresearch,thisthesiscarefullyanalyzesandcomparesthedifferentattitudestakenbypipinthreedifferentstages,andthendemonstratesthathowtheyinfluencethechangeofhislifeinGreatExpectations.

A.CharlesDickens

CharlesDickens（1812-1870）isoneofthegreatestcriticalrealisticwritersoftheVictorianAge.Hisworksareintendedtoexposeandcriticizeallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessofthe19th-centuryEngland,particularlyLondon.Charlescamefromapoorbackground,hisfatherwasaclerkinthenavypayoffice,whowaswellpaidbutoftenendedinfinancialtroubles.Whenhewasyoung,hisfatherwasimprisonedfordebt,andhehadtoleaveschoolandworkinashoefactory.Healmostreceivednoformaleducation,butheworkedhardanddidmanyreadingsonhisown.Afterhehasexperiencedabundanthumanlife,peopleandthesurroundingenvironment,totheirownlifeexperienceshaveaprofoundunderstanding,awarenessandallofhismaturethoughtissummedupinhislatterbooks.Hisfirstnovel,thePickwickPapers,becameahugepopularsuccesswhenDickenswasonlytwenty-five.Hepublishedhisworksextensivelyandwasconsideredaliterarycelebrityuntilhisdeathin1870.

B.GreatExpectations

GreatExpectationswasoneofDickens'mostmatureworks,wasalsoaboominthecreationofCharlesDickens.ItissetinearlyVictorianEngland,atimewhengreatchangesweresweepingthenation.TheIndustrialRevolutionofthelate18thandearly19thcenturieshadtransformedthelandscape,enablingcapitalistsandmanufacturerstoamasshugefortunes.Althoughsocialclasswasnolongerentirelydependentonthecircumstancesofone’sbirth,thedivisionsbetweenrichandpoorremainednearlyaswideasever.London,ateemingmassofhumanity,formedasharpcontrastwiththenation’spoverty-strickenruralareas.Moreandmorepeoplemovedfromthecountrytothecityin,pursuinggreatereconomicopportunity.Throughoutthewholenation,themannersoftheupperclasswereverystrictandconservative;gentlemenandladieswereexpectedtohavethoroughclassicaleducationsandtobehaveappropriatelyincountlesssocialsituations.Inthisbook,CharlesDickens’seasygoing,humorousstyleinwhichhedescribeslifeexperiencesandmentaldevelopmentofthejuvenilePip,vividlydemonstratestheheroinePipfromvisiontotheirownGreatExpectation,longingtodisillusionthewholeprocess.

I.TheLifeofPip’sChildhood

Atthisstage,Pipisinnocent,timidandkindhearted,whichisinfluencedgreatlybyhisbrother-in-law,andbecomingablacksmithlikeJoeandlivingaquietlifeisPip'sgreatexpectations.Aboveall,heisverysatisfiedwithhispresentlifestyle.However,hismeetingwithtwopeoplechangedhislifestyle,oneisMagwitch,andanotherisEstella.Headmiredthedecentwayoflivinglikeagentlemen.HemetEstellaandfelllovewithher,buthecannotmarryherbecauseofhissocialstatus.Pip’sdesireforadvancementlargelyovershadowshisbasicgoodness.Afterreceivinghismysteriousfortune,hisidealisticwishesseemtohavebeenjustified,andhegiveshimselfovertoagentlemanlylifeofidleness.

A.TheLivingandEducationalBackgroundofLittlePip

PipwasapoororphanwhowasrearedinthemarshesofKentbyhisill-temperedsisterandhersweet-naturedhusbandJoe,ablacksmith,whowaspip’sbestfriend.AlthoughPipandJoealwaysbescoldedbyMrs.Joe,heenjoyedhishappylifewithJoe.

Aboutpip’supbringing,thereislittleinformationaboutit.Wecanonlylearnthathereceivedlittleeducationfromthevillageeveningschool，whichwasorganizedbyanancientrelationofMrWopsle's.Andhehasnorealmoraltrainingasachild,onlystrictthreatsofpunishment,soheformschildishlyharsh,absoluteideasofrightandwrongforhimself.Fortunately,Joeworkedashismoralteacherwhodirectslittlepiphowtobeanhonestman.However,Joeisnotaperfectman,hispooreducationalbackgroundandillogicthoughtscan'tteachPiphowtobegood.ThefewtimeshetriestotellPiphowtobehaveproperly,butheoftenfailstoarticulatehimselfclearly.Hisadviceissomixedthatforagrowingchildwhoreceivesnonormaleducationitiseasytofeelconfused.

B.TheTurningPointofPip’sLife

Pip’slifetrackisgreatlychangedwithtwoaccidentshappened.Oneisencounteringanescapedconvict,anotherisbeingchosentosatishouseasaplaymate.Influenceddeeplybythosethings,especiallytheattitudesfromEstella,pipgraduallystrayedfromhisinnocentlifetoadecentandhonorablelife.Thisisasignificantturningpointinhiswholelife.

1.EncounteringanEscapedConvict

Oneday,pipencountersanescapedconvictinacemetery.Thisterrifyingpersonagethreatenspiptostealingfoodandafileforhim.Pipdoesashe’sasked,buttheconvictiscapturedanyway,andtransportedtothepenalcoloniesinAustralia.ThiseventplaysanimportantroleinPip’sgreatexpectation,becausetheconvictwhosponsorsPippursueshisgreatexpectations.Besides,thisconvict,namedArabMagwitch,whohelpsPipregainhisinnocentnatureinaworldfulloftemptationanddesires.

2.MeetingMissHavishamandEstella

“Inasingleyeareverythinghadchanged．BeforeIwenttoMissHavisham'sandmetEstella，IhadalwayswantedtobeapprenticedtoJoe，andIhadalwaysbeenhappyathome，inspiteofmysister'sscolding．NowIwasashamedofmyhomeandmywork．Iwasverymiserable．BecauseofJoe，however，Istayedattheforgeanddidmybesttoworkhard.I'mgladthatInevertoldhimhowunhappyIwasthen.Itriedtofollowhisexampleandbecomeanhonest，happy，hardworkingman．ButallthetimeIthoughtofEstella．Myworstfearwasthatonedayshewouldcometotheforgeandseemeworkingasacommonblacksmith，withblackfaceandhands．Shewouldcertainlyturnawayindisgust．”1

FromthethoughtofPip,EstellaplaysasignificantroleinPip’schanginglifeandinnervalue.InordertoshortenthedistancewithEstella,Pipstudiesashardashecanintheevenings，educatinghimselfforEstella．HesharedanythingwithJoesothathewouldbemoreeducated，andsothathewouldbelessashamedofhiminfrontofEstella.

BeingsenttoaccompanyMissHavishamisanotherturningpointinpip’slife.OnedayPipwastakentotheSatisHouse,thehomeofthewealthydowagerMissHavisham,whowasbothveryrichandeccentric.Thisoldladywasabandonedbyherhusbandwhentheyweregoingtomarried,andshelivedinsufferingsandmemoriesformanyyears.HerotherwardistheorphanedEstella,whomsheisteachingtotormentmenwithherbeauty.Pip,atfirstcautions,laterfallsinlovewithheranddreamsofbecomingawealthygentlemansothathemightbeworthyofherlove.

Whenpipstepsintothesatishouse,especiallyaftermeetingEstella,hisambitiontobeamemberoffirstclassbeginstotakerootsinhismind.Hegraduallydistainedhispresentlife,despisedhiscareerworkedasablacksmith,andyearnedthevanitylifeofupper-class.Hischaracterwasconstrained.JustaspipsaidtoJoe,

“Iknow，Joe，it'sterrible．Idon'tknowwhathappened．OhIwishIdidn'thavesuchthickbootsandsuchcoarsehands！

I'msomiserable，Joe．ThatbeautifulyoungladyatMissHavisham'ssaidIwascommon．AndIknowIam！

Somehowthatmademetelllies．WhenIwalkedthefourmileshometotheforge，thinkingabout