长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习5及答案.docx

长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习5及答案.docx

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长沙市岳麓区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习5及答案

阅读理解。

TheBasicsofMath—MadeClear

BasicMathintroducesstudentstothebasicconceptsofmathematics,aswellasthefundamentalsofmoretrick

yareas.

These30fantasticlecturesaredesignedtoprovidestudentswithanunderstandingofarithmeticandtopreparethemforAlgebra（代数）andbeyond.

ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.Theyalsolookintoexponents（指数）,theorderofoperations,andsquareroots.Inadditiontolearninghowtoperformvariousmathematicaloperations,studentsdiscoverwhytheseoperationswork,howaparticularmathematicaltopicrelatestootherbranchesofmathematics,andhowtheseoperationscanbeusedpractically.

BasicMathstartsfromtherelativelyeasierconceptsandgraduallymovesontothemoretroublesomeones,soastoallowforsteadyandsureunderstandingofthematerialbystudents.Thelecturesofferstudentsthechanceto“makesense”ofmathematicalknowledgethatmayhaveseemedsofrightening.Theyalsohelpstudentsprepareforcollegemathematicsandovercometheiranxietyaboutthisamazing—andcompletelyunderstandable—fieldofstudy.

Bytheconclusionofthecourse,studentswillhaveimprovedtheirunderstandingofbasicmath.Th

eywillbeabletoclearawaythemystery（神秘性）ofmathematicsandfacetheirstudieswithmoreconfidencethantheyeverimagined.Inaddition,theywillstrengthentheirabilitytoacceptnewandexcitingmathematicalchallenges.

ProfessorH.Siegel,honoredbyKentuckyEducationalTelevisionas“thebestmathteacherinAmerica”，isadevotedteacherandhasagiftforexplainingmathematicalconceptsinwaysthatmakethemseemclearandobvious.Fromthebasicconcreteideastothemoreabstractproblems,heisamasterinmakingmathlectureslearnerfriendlierandlessscary.

WithaPhDinMathematicsEducationfromGeorgiaStateUniversity,Dr.SiegelteachesmathematicsatCentralArizona

Colle

ge.Hiscoursesincludevariousmakeupclassesandanumberoflecturesforfutureprimaryschoolteachers.

Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatweoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.

1．WhatdoesthecourseBasicMathmainlycover?

A．Algebra.B．CollegeMathematics.

C．Arithmetic.D．MathematicsEducation.

2．WhatbenefitscanstudentsexpectfromBasicMath?

A．Strongerimaginativeability.B．Additionalpresentationskills.

C．Moremathematicalconfidence

.D．Greaterchancesofbecomingteachers.

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutProfessorH．Siegel?

A．HeisaguestlectureratKentuckyEducationalTelevision.

B．Heistodeliver30lecturesinBasicMath.

C．HeworksinGeorgiaStateUniversity.

D．Hespecializesintrainingteachers.

4．Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?

A．Anewsreport.B．Abookreview.

C．Alessonp

lan.D．Anadvertisement.

【要点综述】本文主要介绍了一个数学课程，从课程内容、功能用途、预期目标、主讲人等方面做了详细说明，是一则招生广告。

1.C　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“ThelessonsinBasicMathcovereverybasicaspectofarithmetic.”可知此题答案为C。

2.C　细节理解题。

本题考查课程的功能作用。

第四段整体在讲述该课程的功能作用。

只有C项为本段中讲述的。

其他项均未涉及。

3.B　推理判断题。

本题适合用排除法对四个选项进行排除。

文中只说明他是被KentuckyEducationalTelevision评为美国最好的数学教师，并没说明他是在电视台做客座讲师；文中也谈到他在GeorgiaStateUniversity取得博士学位，而他是在CentralArizonaCollege教数学。

他的课是为futureprimaryschoolteachers做准备，而不是直接培训教师。

本文只谈到他一个教师，所以推断应该是唯一教师。

结合第一段数学课程是由30个讲座构成，所以选B。

4.D　推理判断题。

根据最后一段“Ifthecoursefailstoprovidecompletesatisfactiontoyou,youcaneasilyexchangeitforanyothercoursethatw

eoffer.Oryoucangetyourmoneyback.”可知，此课程为收费课程，应是招生广告。

所以选D。

【阅读理解】社会生活类

In1986，whenCarloPetrinifirstcoinedtheterm“SlowFood，”heorganizedlocallyinhisnativeItalytopreservethefoodandwinecultureandprotestfastfood.

Today,slowfoodhasspreadto132countrieswithover85,000members,addressingworldwideissueslikefarmerequityandenvironmental_stewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments,tocontributetohealthyandlivablecommunities.

CharacterizedbySlowFoodInternationalas“good,clean,andfairfood，”slowfoodmustenrichtheeaters'life，havenonegativeimpactonhumanorenvironmentalhealth，andcompensatefairlyforfoodproducers'work.

TheaverageAmericanmealtravelsabout1,500milestoitsfinaldestination,withproducingoffoodtravelingbyplanefromoverseasandotheritemsshippedacrossthecountry.

However，costforfoodtravelandheavyprocessingarenottheonlyproblemsinthefoodindustrythattheenvironmentfaces.Industrialagriculturealsohasunsustainablepracticeslikeinefficientwateruseanddecreasedbiodiversity.Ourideasinfeedingourselvesareexceptional,butatvariouspointsourtechnologiescomeintoconflictwithnature'swaysofdoingthings.Agreatmanyofthehealthandenvironmentalproblemscreatedbyourfoodsystemowetoourattemptstooversimplifynaturescomplexities,atboththegrowingandtheeatingendsofourfoodchain.

“Slowing”food,bypurchasinglocallyandsustainably,allowsconsumerstoreducetheimpactof“foodmiles”anddevelopacloserrelationshipwiththeirfoodproducers.“Weneedtochangeourfoodsystem，”saidDavidPrior,organizerofSlowFoodNationEatIn.“Ourcurrentfoodsystemissickandweneedtosupportfarmersandagriculturetoensurethateveryonehastherighttonutritiousfood.”

1．Themainideaofthepassagecanbesummarizedas________.

A．whyslowfoodissoimportant

B．thefoodandwinecultureisrichinItaly

C．whatyou'reeatingalwaystravelsalongway

D．slowfoodmakesthecurrentfoodsystemsick

2．Accordingtothesecondparagraph,“environmentalstewardship”refersto________.

A．measuresofenvironmentalprotections

B．waystoestablishhealthyandlivablecommunities

C．people'sadmirationforallthecreaturesontheearth

D．actionstoprotecttherightsofalllivingthingsandenvironment

3．Slowfood'scharacteristicdoesn'tliein________.

A．improvingthequalityofeaters'life

B．providingafairpayforfoodworkers

C．beingfriendlytohumanandenvironmentalhealth

D．developingalooserelationshipwithfoodproducers

4．WhatisDavidPrior'sattitudetowardscurrentfoodsystem?

A．Suspicious.B．Unsatisfied.C．Indifferent.D．Supportive.

【要点综述】本文的作者告诉我们，如果想吃得更健康、更营养，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！

1．A　主旨大意题。

本文主要探讨“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”给人们带来的好处，故答案选A项。

2．D　细节理解题。

从第二段中的“environmentalstewardship—theactionspeopletaketorespecttherightsofalllivingthingsandallenvironments”可知，环境管理（environmentalstewardship）的内容就是“破折号”后的解释，即“人们尊重所有生物和环境的权利的行动”，故D项正确。

3．D　细节理解题。

从第三段可知，“慢食物运动”的特色就在于改善饮食者的饮食质量；不对人类健康和环境卫生产生副作用；给食物供应商以合理的报酬。

D项则没有提到，故答案选D项。

4．B　推理判断题。

从最后一段DavidPrior所说的话可知，他认为当前的食物系统很糟糕，需要改进，所以他的态度应该是不满意的（unsatisfied）。

A项表示“怀疑的”；C项表示“漠不关心的”；D项表示“支持的”，都不符合语境。

阅读理解。

AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepastcenturies,anewelectricalgenerating（发电）andtransmission（输送）systemforthe21stcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchoftherealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffectonthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.Thesameistrueofbigsolarpantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround.

The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府拨地）offeredtorailroadcompaniestobuildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland.Inmuchofthewest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement,withthecompletionortheinterstatehighwaysystem,manyofthesmalltownswhichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.

Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheirdirectfootprintinthewest.thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthen,weneedalternativeenergybadly.andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.

Sotrade-offswillhavetobemade.somescenicsportwillbesacrificed.somespecies（物种）willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecialaccommodations,dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.

Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.the21stcenturydevelopmentoftheAmericanwestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoingtothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneytodoalotofgood.butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadandthehighway.

Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade–offsandtheinstitutionthatcontrolwillshapethewestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsandtransmissionlines.solet’sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadandthehighwaysasweconstructthesenewpowerplantsinthewest.

（）1.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?

A.smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.

B.somerailroadstopsremained.

C.landinthewestwashardtomanage.

D.landgrantswentintoprivatehands.

（）2.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergyaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

A.thetransmissionofpowerB.theuseofmoneyandpower

C.theconservationofsolarenergyD.theselectionofanidealplace

（）3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?

A.cautiousB.approvingC.doubtfulD.disapproving

（）4.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.howtherailwayshaveaffectedthewest

B.howsolarenergycouldreshapethewest

C.howtheeffectsofpowerplantscanbereduced

D.howtheproblemsofthehighwayshavebeensettled

【文章大意】说明文。

文章说明的是一种新的