美国文化教案.docx

美国文化教案.docx

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美国文化教案

PartTwo:

USA

UnitOne:

Geography

.Objectives

•InthischapterwewilllookatsomegeneralfeaturesofAmericaandsetthesceneforthemoredetailedexaminationofparticularaspectsoflifetherewhicharedealtwithinlaterchapters.

.FocalQuestions

•WhatisthefullnameoftheAmericanstate?

•WhatarethephysiographicfeaturesofAmerica?

•WhatarethenaturalresourcesinAmerica?

.Procedures

•PresentationbyStudents–Focalquestions

•Lecturesbytheteacher

•Classdiscussion–ExploitationActivities

•Onclassexercises

•Assignmentforthenextchapter

.Teachinghours:

3hours

.Contents

IntroductiontoUS

1TheLandArea

●ThetotallandareaoftheUSAis9,372,615squarekilometers

●thefourthlargestcountryintheworld

2TheCapital

●Washington,D.C.isthecapitaloftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

●NamedafterthefirstU.S.president,GeorgeWashington.

●Itistheheartofadynamicmetropolitanregion.

3TheNationalFlag,EmblemandAnthem

●TheflagoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaconsistsof13equalhorizontalstripesofred（topandbottom）alternatingwithwhite,withabluerectangle（长方形）inthecantonbearing50small,white,five-pointedstarsarrangedinnineoffsethorizontalrowsofsixstars（topandbottom）alternatingwithrowsoffivestars.

●ThebaldeaglewaschosenonJune20,1782astheemblem（徽章）oftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

●“TheStar-SpangledBanner”wasrecognizedforofficialusebytheNavyin1889andthePresidentin1916,andwasmadethenationalanthem（国歌）byacongressionalresolutiononMarch3,1931,whichwassignedbyPresidentHerbertHoover.

4NationalFlower,StoneandBird

●September23,1986,theHouseofRepresentativespassedajointresolutionnamingtheroseasthe“nationalfloralemblem”oftheUnitedStates.

●ThenationalstoneoftheUnitedStatesisbluesapphire（蓝宝石）.

●ThenationalbirdoftheUnitedStatesisthebaldeagle.

1）PhysiographicFeatures

1GeographicDivisions

●TheeasternUnitedStatesisbroad,flatcoastalplain.

●TheGreatPlainsliewestoftheMississippiRiverandeastoftheRockyMountains.

●InthewestoftheRockyMountainsliestheIntermontanePlateaus（高原）.

●TheIntermontanePlateauscometoanendattheCascadeRangeandtheSierraNevada.

●Alaskacontainssomeofthemostdramaticanduntappedsceneryinthecountry.

2RiversintheUS

●TheMissouriRiveris4,090kmlonganditstributariescoveranareaofabout1,502,200sqkm.

●TheMississippiRiverflowsabout3,730kmwhichdrainsallthecentralareaoftheUSAandhasawidedelta（三角洲）,andmanytributaries.TheriverwasnamedbytheIndianstheMississippi,meaning“FatherofWaters”,orthe“OldManRiver”.

●TheOhioRiver,1,579kmlonganditstributariesisabout490,603sqkm.

●TheColoradoRiverflows2,330kmwhichdrainsanareaof629,100sqkm

●TheRioGrandeRiverrunsabout3,034kmwhichformstheborderbetweenTexasandMexico.

●TheColumbiaRiver,about2,000kmlong,risesinBritishColumbiaonthewesternslopeoftheRockyMountains.

●ThePotomacRiverisfamousnotonlybecauseWashingtonD.C.islocatedonitsbankbutalsobecauseitisthedividinglinebetweentheSouthandtheNorth.

●TheHudsonRiverisfamousbecauseNewYorkstandsatitsestuary.

3LakesintheUS

●ThemostimportantlakesinAmericaaretheGreatLakeswhichincludefivebiglakes:

LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,andLakeOntario.

●OnlyLakeMichiganiswhollyintheUnitedStates;theotherfouraresharedwithCanada.

●TheGreatLakescovermorethan764,000sqkm.

●TheGreatSaltLakeisthelargestinlandsaltlakeinNorthAmerica.

●TheGreatSaltLakeisseveraltimesmoresaline（咸的）thanseawaterwhichcontainsabout4.4billiontonsofminerals.

4MountainsintheUS

●TheRockyMountainsisachainofmountainsinthewestofNorthAmerica,runningfromtheborderoftheUSAandMexicouptoCanada.Severalpeaksare4,000mhigh.

●TheAppalachianMountains’highestpeakisMountainMitchell,2,038m..

2）ClimateandNaturalDisasters

1Climate

●Takingthecountryasawhole,theclimateoftheUnitedStatescanbeclassifiedastemperatewithsomemildsubtropicalzones（亚热带）andthesouthernFloridaandHawaiibeingtropical.

●TheclimateofNewEnglandisrelativelycold.

●TheclimateoftheMiddleAtlanticStatesregionisgenerallypleasant.Therearefourdefiniteseasons.

●TheSouthenjoysawarmclimateandabundantrainfall.Somestatesinthisregionaresometimesharassedbythedisasterofhurricanes（飓风）.

●SincetheGreatPlainsstretchfromtheCanadianbordertoTexas,theclimateinthisregionvarieswidely.

●TheclimateoftheMidwestistemperate.Thisisalargelyopencountry,andthewindblowsfreely,oftenbringingsuddenandextremechangesintemperature.Midwestsummersaresometimesveryhot;wintersaresometimesextremelycold.

●ThestateswestoftheRockyMountainshavesharplydifferentclimaticconditions.ThepartofWashingtonnearthePacificOceanhasthelargestrainfallinthecountry.Butaftercrossingthesemountains,verylittlerainfallsanddesertsappear.

2NaturalDisasters

●Morerecently,thewesternU.S.experiencedwidespreaddroughtfrom1999to2004,andsignsofamajor,long-termdroughtacrosstheGreatPlainshavedeveloped.

●TheUnitedStatesalsoexperiencesthemostfrequentandpowerfultornadoes（龙卷风）intheworld.

●Anothernaturaldisasterarehurricanes,whichcanhitanywherealongtheGulfCoastortheAtlanticCoastaswellasHawaiiinthePacificOcean.HurricaneseasonrunsfromJune1toNovember30,withapeakfrommid-AugustthroughearlyOctober.

●TheGreatMississippiFloodhappenedin1927.

●TheGreatFloodhappenedin1993.

●TheAmericanNorthwestseesthehighestconcentrationofactivevolcanoesintheUnitedStates.ThereareseveralactivevolcanoeslocatedintheislandsofHawaii.

3）NaturalResources

●TheUnitedStatesisalandrichinnaturalresources,suchascoal,copper（铜）,lead,molybdenum（钼）,phosphates（磷酸盐）,uranium（铀）,bauxite（矾土）,gold,iron,mercury,nickel（镍）,potash（碳酸钾）,silver,tungsten（钨）,zinc,petroleum,naturalgas,timber（木材）,areespeciallyplentifulinthecountry.

●Americahasalargedepositofironore（铁矿石）.

●CoalisanothermajornaturalresourcefoundinlargequantitiesintheU.S.whichcanlastforhundredsofyears.

●America,veryrichinoil,wasoncethelargestoilproducingcountryintheworld.

●OtherbasicmetalsandmineralsminedonalargescaleinAmericaincludezinc,copper,silver,andphosphaterock.

●Americaenjoysabundantwaterresources.

●Americaalsohasplentyoffertilesoil.

UnitTwo:

History

.Objectives

•InthischapterwemainlyconcentrateonthehistoryofUnitedStates,whichdatesfrom1607tothepresent.Teachersshouldtrytomakestudentsfamiliarwithsomeoutstandingfiguresandhistoriceventsthathavegreatimpactsonthewholecountry,eventhewholeworld.

.FocalQuestions

•HowwastheNewWorlddiscovered?

Whywasitimportant?

•WhywastheDeclarationofIndependenceimportant?

•WhatwasthesignificanceoftheCivilWar?

•Whywastheprosperityin1920sfalse?

•SearchformorematerialsandstatebrieflytherelationsbetweentheUnitedStatesandChinafrom1990tothepresent.

.Procedures

•PresentationbyStudents–Focalquestions

•Lecturesbytheteacher

•Classdiscussion–ExploitationActivities

•Assignmentforthenextchapter

.Teachinghours:

4hours

.Contents

1.Colonialperiod（1607-1776）

TheperiodofcolonizationisfromthefirstsettlementofEnglishcoloniststotheindependenceofAmerica.

1）AmericanIndians

TheearliestinhabitantsinNorthandSouthAmericasweretheAmericanIndians,whohadlivedandlaboredthereforthousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbus,anItaliannavigator,discoveredtheNewWorldin1492.

TheAmericanIndiansweredividedintohundredsoftribes,enormouslyvariedinphysicalappearance,languageandcivilization.Sometribesmadetheirlivingbyhunting,othersbyfishing,farmingorgatheringryeseeds.Later,theseacoveredthelandbridgefromAsiatoAmericaandseparatedthetwoAmericasfromtherestoftheworld.TheIndiansandthepeopleoftherestoftheworldknewlittleabouteachotheruntiltheNewWorldwasdiscoveredin1492.

2）DiscoveryofAmerica

Bytheendof15thcentury,themodernEuropeanworldwastobeformed.Inthemid15thcentury,agreatnumberoflongoceanvoyagestookplace.Historywillalwaysremembertwonames—ChristopherColumbusandAmerigoVespucci.Itwastheywhodiscoveredandidentifiedthenewcontinents.

3）ColonizationofNorthAmerica

TheNewWorldwasagreatandrichland.NorthandSouthAmericastogethermadeupanareaalmostaslargeasAfricaandEuropecombined.

TherulingclassofEuropefelluponthisrichlandgreedily.Only50yearsafterColumbus’firstvoyage,theSpanishandPortuguesehadoverrunthevastlandofwhatisnowcalledLatinAmerica.Forabout100yearsafterColumbus’crossingoftheAtlantic,onlyexplorersandtradersvisitedNorthAmerica.Butatthebeginningof17thcentury,Europeansettlersbegantoarrive.PortugalsetupcoloniesinBrazil,whileSpainexploredandcolonizedmuchofSouthAmericaandMexico.

ThesettlingofpresentUnitedStatesandCanadabytheEnglishandFrenchwentmoreslowly,thoughquitecruelly.DuringthereignofQueenElizabethⅠ（1588-1603）,theEnglishingrowingnumbersrealizedthattheNewWorldwastheirbestplacetomaketheirfortunes,andtoworshipandliveaccordingtotheirbeliefs.

InApril1607,threeshipswith104Englishsett