英语中名词地用法.docx
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英语中名词地用法
一、英语中各种词性的用法及解释
1.名词
名词可以分为专有名词（ProperNouns）和普通名词（CommonNouns）。
专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
（不是专有名词就是普通名词）
（1）名词变复数的方法
1）规则的变复数的方法
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-s
map-maps
bag-bags
car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
加-es
bus-buseswatch-watches
以辅音字母+y结尾的词
变y为i再加es
baby---babies
2）不规则变化情况
1以o结尾的名词，变复数时：
a.加s，如：
photo---photospiano---pianosradio---radioszoo---zoos；
b.加es，如：
potato—potatoestomato—tomatoes
（基本规律：
有生命性质的词在后面加es，否则加s）
2以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：
a.加s，如：
belief---beliefsroof---roofssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；
b.去f,fe加-ves，如：
half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；
3名词复数的不规则变化
child---childrenfoot---feettooth---teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women
4单复同形如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如：
peoplepolicecattle等本身就是复数，不能说apeople，apolice，acattle，但可以说aperson，apoliceman，aheadofcattle,theEnglish，theBritish，theFrench，theChinese，theJapanese，theSwiss等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
5以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
6maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
news是不可数名词。
（2）名词的格
1）在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：
ateacher'sbook。
名词所有格的规则如下：
2）单数名词词尾加"'s"，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加"'s"，如theboy'sbag男孩的书包，men'sroom男厕所。
3）若名词已有复数词尾-s，只加"'"，如：
theworkers'struggle工人的斗争。
4）凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of+名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：
thetitleofthesong歌的名字。
5）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，如：
thebarber's理发店。
6）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有's，则表示"分别有"；只有一个's，则表示'共有'。
如：
John'sandMary'sroom（两间）JohnandMary'sroom（一间）
例题解析
1.Theygotmuch_____fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories
2.Ihavetwo_______andthreebottlesof_________here.
A.orange,orangeB.oranges,oranges
C.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges
3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesa_________tohishome.
A.25minutes’walkB.25minute’swalk
C.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk
解析:
句中的minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。
4.Anold_______wantstoseeyou.
A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson
解析:
person与people都有”人”的意思,但用法不同.“一个人”用“aperson”,
“两个人”用“twopersons”;people泛指“人们”是集合名词,表示复数,thepeople指“人民”,apeople指“一个民族”.应选B。
5.Helpyourselfto__________.
A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandapple
C.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples
解析:
chicken可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词,故应+s,因此选D。
6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_________.
A.room’snumberB.rooms’numberC.roomnumbersD.rooms’numbers
解析:
roomnumber房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有myphsicsteacher,
twobusdrivers等.应选C。
7.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.Tianjinhasbecomehersecond_________.
A.familyB.houseC.homeD.room
解析:
family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子（住所）;room指的是房间;而home指的是家,因此选C.
8.________motherscouldn’tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.
A.MaryandPeter’sB.MaryandPeter
C.Mary’sandPeterD.Mary’sandPeter’s
解析:
此句中“mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。
9.LiLeihasbeento__________manytimesthismonth.
A.heruncleB.heruncle’sC.herunclesD.aunt’s
解析:
此句意为“李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时,可省去所有格后面的名词.
因此选B。
10.Heisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasn’t________inteaching.
A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperience
C.anexperienceD.alotexperience
解析:
experience作“经验”讲时是不可数名词,作“经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为“经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除AC.又因alotof,lotsof,plentyof只用于肯定句,不用于否定句,因此选B。
11.Aclassmateof_________washeretenminutesago.
A.youB.yourC.yoursisterD.yoursister’s
解析:
此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.Agroupof_________aretalkingwithtwo___________.
A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,Frenchmen
解析:
Frenchman是复合词,其复数形式为Frenchmen;German的复数为直接在单词末尾+S,应选A.
13.Theteam________havingameeting.
A.isB.areC.amD.be
解析:
team是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义（指整个小组）,也可指小组中的成员（表示复数）,此题意为后者,因此选B。
14.“Wouldyoulike_________?
”“________,please.”
A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,Coffees
C.adrink,AcoffeeD.adrink,Threecupsofcoffees
解析:
drink和coffee是不可数名词,可以用…of来表示数量,eg,threecupsofcoffee,
当前面加a时,则表示 “一杯”．因此选C。
15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby_______,butalsothefleshandbloodof________men.
A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millions
C.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millions
解析：
earth是不可数名词，因此删除BD,数以百万的应为millionsof.
因此选A。
选择最佳答案：
1．Lastnight,therewasafoodaccident.The_______wereill,butno_______werelost.
A.child,livesB.children,lifeC.children,livesD.child,life
2.---Thisisaphotoof_________whentheywereyoung.
---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!
A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather's
C.mymother'sandfather'sD.myfather'sandmymother
3.Thenewstudentisin__________,GradeTwo.
A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThreeD.Threeclass
4.TodayisSeptember10th.It's__________Day.Let'sgoandbuysomeflowersforourteachers.
A.TeachersB.Teachers'C.theTeachers'D.Teacher's
5.Themarketisn'tfarfromhere.It'sonly_________bicycleride.
A.halfanhours'B.halfanhour'sC.halfanhourD.anhourandahalf
6.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?
---_________,please.
A.TwocupofcoffeeB.Twocupsofcoffe
C.TwocupsofcoffeeD.Twocupsofcoffees
7.DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor_________.
A.funB.wishesC.interestD.thanks
8.Some_________areflyingkitesneartheriver.
A.childB.boyC.boysD.childs
9.Aftertheexam,we'llhave________holiday.
A.twoweeksB.two-weeksC.twoweeks'D.twoweek's
10.Theyarethose_________bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.
A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor'sD.visitors'
11.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?
---Therearetwo___________.
A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof
12.---Whatdoyouthinkofthe_______theMoonlightSonatabyBeethoven?
---Itsoundsreallywonderful.
A.subjectB.musicC.bookD.animal
13.Thereisnotenough_________inthecornerforthefridge.
A.placeB.roomC.fieldD.ground
14._________comesfromsheepandsomepeoplelikeeatingit
A.WoolB.PorkC.MuttonD.Milk
15.Ifyoudon'ttakemore________,you'llgetfat.
A.medicineB.lessonsC.photosD.exercise
16.Myschoolisabouttwenty________walkfromhere.
A.minuteB.minutes'C.minutes'sD.minutes
17.Mum,Ihave_______totellyou!
A.agoodnewsB.somegoodnewsC.somegoodnewesD.muchgoodnews
18.Whichisthe________tothepostoffice?
A.streetB.wayC.roadD.address
19.Istayedat________lastSunday.
A.myunclesB.myuncles'C.myuncle'sD.myuncle'sfamily
20.Maths________noteasytolearn.
A.areB.isC.amD.were
1-5CBCBB6-10CACCD11-15ABBCD16-20BBBC2.形容词
A
“HowcanIlearnEnglishwell?
”Thisisaquestionmanystudentsask.Inmyopinion,themosteffectivewayistolearnlessonsbyheart.Ifyoucanrecitethetextandwriteitout,you’velearneditfairlywell.Andifyoucantell,inyourownwords,whatthelessonsaysyou’reaverysuccessfullearnerindeed.YourEnglishwillbequiteperfect.
Thisisadifficulttask.However,ifyoutrytolearnbyheartonlypartofeachlesson,you’llfinditnothalfsohardasyoumighthavethought.
Learningthisway,youwillmakerapidprogress.Ofcourse,writingisalsonecessary.IthelpsyoualotonourwaytosuccessinEnglish.
Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.Youshouldbeabletolaughatjokesandbeshockedatbadnews.WhenusingEnglish,trytoforgetyourmothertongue.Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.So,nevertrytoseeEnglishthroughtranslation.
1.Inthewriter’sopinion,themosteffectivewayinlearningEnglishis____.
A.topractisespeaking,writingandfeelingit
B.toforgetyourownnativelanguage
C.totranslateeverythingintohisownlanguage
D.tomemorizetheEnglishwordsandgrammaticalrules
2.“Insteadofhelpingyou,yourownlanguagegetsinyourway.”Thissentencemeansthatmemorizingyourownlanguagecan________.
A.helpyoutostudyEnglishwellB.stopyoumasteringEnglish
C.makeEnglisheasytolearnD.helpyounoticemistakes
3.Equallyimportantistofeelthelanguage.“tofeelthelanguage”heremeans________.
A.togetaknowledgeofEnglishbytouching
B.tobeabletoreadandwriteEnglish
C.totranslateEnglishintoyourownbyimagining
D.tobeabletoexperiencetherichsensationofthelanguage
B
Whenwecanseewell,wedonotthinkaboutoureyesoften.Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwecometoseehowimportantoureyesare.
Peoplewhoarenearsightedcanonlyseethingsthatareveryclosetotheireyes.Manypeoplewhodoalotofclosework,suchaswritingandreading,becomenearsighted.Thentheyhavetowearglassesinordertoseedistantthingsclearly.
Peoplewhoarefarsightedfacejusttheoppositeproblem.Theycanseethingsthatarefaraway,buttheyhavedifficultyreadingabookunlesstheyholditatarm’slength.Iftheywanttodomuchreading,theymustgetglassestoo.
Otherpeopledonotseeclearlybecausetheireyesarenotexactlytherightshape.This,too,canbecorrectedbyglasses.Somepeople’seyesbecomecloudybecauseofcataracts.Longagothesepeopleoftenbecameblind.Now,however,itispossibletooperateonthecataractsandremovethem.
Whennightfalls,colorsbecomefaintertotheeyesandfinallydisappear.Afteryoureyeshavegrownusedtothedark,youcanseebetterifyouusethesideofyoureyesratherthanthecenters.Sometimes,afterdark,youseeasmallthingtoonesideofyou,whichseemstodisappearifyouturnyourheadinitsdire
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