学年复旦附中高三上英语周练四.docx

学年复旦附中高三上英语周练四.docx

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学年复旦附中高三上英语周练四

Ⅱ.SectionB

Directions：

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.fullyB.predeterminedC.schoolsD.environmentalAB.exhibit

AC.cooperativeAD.surroundingsBC.extremesBD.biological

CD.absolutelyABC.referred

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis__21__andanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsand__22__certainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinct__23__ofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconveniently__24__toas“natureandnurture”.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedby__25__andgeneticfactors.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatoutbehavioris__26__tosuchagreatdegreethatwealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,asareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir__27__.Thebehaviorists’viewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto__28__stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyet__29__explainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwo__30__andthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Everyonehatestowaitinlines.Wegetthatexhaustingfeelingthatourpreciouslifeis__31__awaywhilewe’redoingsomethingsomeaningless.Butit’snotalwaysthelengthofthewaitwefindsounbearable.Ourbehaviorwhenwaitingisonlypartlydefinedbythelengthofthewait.Oftenthepsychologyofqueuingismoreimportantthanthestatisticsofthewaititself.Oneapparentaspectofqueuingpsychologyisthatwegetboredwhenwewaitinline.Thisissueis__32__inmanyways,frommagazinesinhospitalwaitingroomstothe__33__inelevatorssothatwecan__34__ourappearance.Wereallyhateitwhenweexpectashortwaitandthengetalongone.Butstudiesshowthatwearemuchmore__35__whenwearegivenanideaofhowlongwe’llbewaiting.WaltDisneyCo.knowsthisbetterthananyoneelse.Itpostsestimatedwaitingtimesfor__36__initsthemeparks.ButaccordingtoLarson,thesetimesare__37__sothatvisitorsgettothefrontofthequeuemorequicklythantheyexpect.Itkeepsthemhappy.

Butperhapsthebiggestinfluenceonourfeelingsaboutwaitinginlinehastodowithourunderstandingoffairness.Whenitcomestoqueues,theuniversallyacknowledgedstandardisfirstcome,first__38__.Anydeviation（偏差）fromthis__39__isregardedasunfairandcanleadtoviolentqueuerage.

Sometimes,however,wearewillingtomake__40__.Forexample,wearefinewiththe__41__giventothosewithamorecriticalconditioninhospital.Butinmostsituations,wedemandfairness.You’veprobablyexperienced__42__queueyourselfinfastfoodrestaurants,watchingpeopleintheotherlinemoveaheadofyou,__43__yourselfforhavingchosenthe“wrong”line.

Inordertosolvethisproblem,thewindinglinewasinvented.Slatemagazine’swebsiteexplains:

“Thewindinglinegroupsallcustomersintoonebigsnakingqueue,separatedbyropesorbarriers.Whenyoureachtheheadofthequeue,youaredirectedtothenext__44__server,orteller,orcustomsofficial,whichoffersimportantcomfort:

you__45__neverhavetoseesomeonearriveafteryouandgetservedbeforeyou.”

Inlife,waitingisinevitable.Butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakeitaabitmorebearable.Whenallelsefails,bringabookorsmart-phonewillalsodo.

31.A.floatingB.slippingC.slidingD.fleeing

32.A.producedB.resolvedC.tackledD.dissolved

33.A.mirrorsB.newspapersC.clocksD.beverage

34.A.checkB.superviseC.criticizeD.neglect

35.A.frustratedB.refreshedC.patientD.desperate

36.A.queuesB.restaurantsC.visitorsD.attractions

37.A.overlookedB.oversizedC.underestimatedD.overestimated

38.A.servedB.leaveC.goneD.done

39.A.theoryB.conceptC.principleD.discipline

40.A.differencesB.exceptionsC.principleD.discipline

41.A.powerB.priorityC.justiceD.chance

42.A.mildB.strongC.severeD.intense

43.A.reflectingB.complimentingC.laughingD.blaming

44.A.availableB.approachableC.acceptableD.approvable

45.A.possibleB.absolutelyC.actuallyD.really

SectionB

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

TheIndiancliffdwellings（崖居）ofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesareasourceofinterestandmysteryforarcheologist.LocatedintheFourCornersareaoftheU.S.,whereColorado,Utah,ArizonaandNewMexico,thecliffdwellingswereconstructedduringtheGreatPuebloperiod,fromapproximately1050to1300.Thecliffdwellingsarewholeseriesofroomsbuiltinlayersintothesidesofcliffs.Thesleepingroomsofthecliffdwellingswereverytiny,oftenonlyonetotwometerswideandlittlemorethanonemeterhigh,andtheywerebuiltincomplexesofuptoseveralhundredroomstogether.Thefrontroomsofthecomplexeswereconsiderablylarger.Theselargerroomswereapparentlytheroomswherethedailylifetookplace.

Whenthecliffswellingswerefirstfoundbyexplorers,theyhadbeenabandoned.Archeologiststodayareuncertainastowhenorwhytheywereabandonedandwheretheinhabitantswent.Thereissomeevidence,however,thattheinhabitantleftthecliffdwellingsneartheendofthethirteenthcenturybecauseofaseriousdroughtthatisknowtohaveoccurredintheareafrom1276to1299.Archeologistsbelievethattheinhabitantscouldhaveleftthecliffdwellingtomovesouthwestandsoutheast.TodaythedescendantsofthecliffdwellersareprobablymembersoftheIndiantribesofthatarea.

46.Whenthecliffdwellingswerefound,theywere_______.

A.popularwithtouristsB.fullofdailylife

C.desertedandlifelessD.inastateofdrought

47.WhydidtheFourCornersareareceiveitsname?

A.Thecliffdwellingsintheareaeachhavefourcorners

C.TheGreatPueblosarefour-cornered

D.Thecornersoffourstatesmeetthere

48.Thearcheologistsarecertainabout_______.

A.thereasonwhythecliffdwellersabandonedtheirhomes

B.thatadroughtoccurredintheFourCornersareafrom1276to1299

C.theplacetheinhabitantsofthecliffdwellingwentto

D.thetimewhenthecliffdwellersabandonedtheirhomes.

49.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?

A.Thelifestyleofthecliffdwellers

B.Thesizeofthecliffdwellings

C.Themysteryconcerningtheabandonmentofthecliffdwellings

D.Thelocationofthecliffdwellings

（B）

Belowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.

Ifbloodisred,whyareveinsblue?

Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolor.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit’soutsidethebody,whenit’ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it’smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectlessreadlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.

Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?

Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou’rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.Butinthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou’resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.

Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon’ttheygrowbackingrown-ups?

Baby（or“milk”）teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakeroombigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you’redone.Whenthey’regone,they’regone.Thisisbecausenaturefiguresyou’resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.

Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?

Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn’tbecausethey’reshrinkingallover.Theysimpleloseheightastheirspinebecomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity.Many（butnotall）menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3~4cminheighttillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?

No,becauseoldpeopledon’treallyshrink!

Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards-theirlegs,armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it’sbecausethespinehasshortenedali