Unit 1 Personal Relationships新编大学英语第二版第一册教案.docx

Unit 1 Personal Relationships新编大学英语第二版第一册教案.docx

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Unit1PersonalRelationships新编大学英语第二版第一册教案

Unit1PersonalRelationships

UsefulInformation

Allofusareinvolvedwithpersonalrelationships.Someofthesearerelatedtofamily,somewithfellowstudentsorworkers,andothersofavarietyoftypes.Mostofthesearehappy,positiverelationships,butnotallofthem,thoughwemightwishitwerenotso.

Tohaveapositiverelationshipapersonmustinvesttimeandinterestintheotherpeoplewithwhomweareassociated.Weallunderstandthatourfeelingsandinterestinotherpeopledependsomewhatonwhatwehaveincommon,ouruniquepersonalities,andtheassociationsinwhichwefindourselves.

Inmostsocietiesgoodrelationshipsarevaluedbecauseindividualswhohavegoodrelationshipsarehappier,moreproductiveworkers,andaresimplymorefuntobewithandworkwith.However,relationshipscanvarywidelyonthetimeandinterestinvolved.Wecertainlymaypreferthosepersonswithwhomwecanbe“goodfriends,”“buddies,”or“valuedcolleagues.”InWesternculturesthereareseveralmeaningsofthewordLOVE,whichtellusthenatureofdifferentpersonalrelationships.Theseareusuallywellunderstoodbyindividualsinthesesocieties,butnotnecessarilybypeoplewhoarefromdifferentcultures.OnemeaningoflovecomesfromtheGreekword“Eros,”whichreferstosensualorsexualrelationshipsbetweenindividuals.AsecondGreekword,“Filios,”referstofilialorfamilymembersandtheirrelationships,andanotherword“Patros”referstothe“loveofGod”orone’srelationshiptoGod.Inaddition,loveintheEnglishlanguagemayreferto“likingsomeoneorsomething,”i.e.lovingcookiesorspringrolls,lovingtoswimorhike,lovingtostudy,etc.

Inmostsocietiesthehighestformofloveisthatrelationshipbetweentwoindividualswhichissostrongthatonewillsacrificehis/herlifeforalovedoneoranation.Thisoccursbothinwarandpeace,infamiliesandincommunities.Thepolicemanwhoprotectsthepeopleheisaskedtoserveisnolessaherowhenheriskshislifethanisthesoldierwhodiesincombattodefendhiscountryorhiscomrades—“Greaterlovehasnomanthanthis,thathelaydownhislifeforafriend.”IntheWestthereisalsoa“law”orteachingto“LovetheLordyourGodwithallyourheart,mind,andsoul;”asecondteachingissimilartothis,“youmustloveyourneighborasyourself.”Theteachingthencontinuesindefiningtheneighborasanyonewhoisinneedofyourhelp.Finally,thereistherelationshipoffriends,bothcloseanddistant.ItiscommonforgoodfriendsintheWesttosigntheirpersonallettersore-mails,“Love,”or“Withallmylove”whichmaymeananythingfromacasualuseofthewordlovetoanexpressionofdeeperloveofthesorttheGreeksreferredtoasEros.

Itistheresponsibilityofallpersonstoestablishgood,positiverelationshipswithotherpeople,anditisfinallytheresponsibilityofpeopleinvolvedintherelationshiptodefinerathercloselywhatthenatureoftheirrelationshipwillbe.Obviouslyitwouldbewrong（illegalaswellasboring）toshareloveoftheErostypewitheveryonewithwhomwecomeincontact,andlikewise,itwouldnotbeappropriatetoformashalloworcasualrelationshipwiththepersonwehopetosharealifewithinmarriage.Makingfriends,andestablishingrelationships,isoneaspectofbehaviorthatcanbedemandingoftimeandenergy,butthebenefitsofgoodrelationshipsarefarmorevaluablethantheeffortonemustmaketoestablishandnurturethem.

PartOnePreparation

1.DifferentKindsofPersonalRelationships

STEPONE

parent—child

employer—employee

clerk—customer

husband—wife

writer—reader

driver—passenger

teacher—student

host—guest

buyer—seller

doctor—patient

boyfriend—girlfriend

performer—audience

STEPTWO

Otherkindsofpersonalrelationships（includingrelationshipsofpeopleinthesamegroup）:

siblings（sistersand/orbrothers）,lovers,friends,neighbors,colleagues,schoolmates,classmates,roommates,groupmembers,interviewerandinterviewee,lawyerandclient,policemanandthief,enemies,rivals,etc.

2.WelcometoOurGroup!

1）Groupworkisanimportantactivitystudentsarerequiredtodothroughoutthesemester.Intheactivitystudentscanlistentoeachotherandshareeachother’sgoodideasandexperiences.Atthesametimeinterpersonalrelationshipswilldevelopduringtheprocessofworkingtogether.What’smore,workinginsmallgroups,say,between3and5,studentswillhavemoreopportunitiestoimprovetheirlisteningandspeakingskillsthantheycanwhenthewholeclassworkstogether.

Inaddition,groupworkcanhelppracticeanddevelopfourkeythinkingskills:

problemsolving,decision-making,criticalthinkingandcreativethinking.

Toinvolvestudentsinthisactivityeachgroupshouldhaveagroupleadertohelptheteacherachievethisgoal.Studentsmaychangetheirgroupsevery5or6weekssoastobeabletoknowmoreoftheirclassmates.Andtheycanalsotaketurnsbeinggroupleaders.

2）TheProceduresofGroupDiscussion

Inanidealsmallgroupdiscussion,groupmembersareencouragedtocontributetheirpersonalopinionsorknowledgeofaparticularissue,supportthoseopinions,discussdifferencesofopinionwithinthegroup,andeventually,reportbacktothewholeclass.Asmallgroupdiscussioncanbegenerallydividedintothefollowingprocedures:

i）Forminggroups

Inthefirstclassofsmallgroupdiscussion,thewholeclassisdividedintoseveralgroups.Howmanygroupsareproduced?

Whetherthegroupsarestudent-selectedorteacher-selected?

Aretheygender-mixedorproficiency-mixed?

Allthesewillbedecidedaccordingtothepracticalsituationoftheclass.Forexample,howmanystudentsthereareintheclass,whatisthepurposeoftheactivity,andsoon.

ii）Introduction

Theinstructionthatisgivenatthebeginningiscrucial:

ifthestudentsdonotunderstandexactlywhattheyhavetodo,theywillbeconfusedandalotoftimewilllikelybewasted.

iii）Processes

Theteacher’sjobduringtheactivityistogofromgrouptogroup,monitorandeithercontributeorkeepoutoftheway---whicheverislikelytobemorehelpful.Iftheteacherdoesdecidetointervene,hisorhercontributionmaytaketheformof:

---providingapprovalandsupport,

---helpingstudentswhoarehavingdifficulty,and

---keepingthestudentsusingthetargetlanguage.

iv）Ending

Iftheteacherhassetatimelimit,thenthiswillhelphimtoterminatetheactivitywhilethediscussionisjustabouttoflag.

v）Presentation

Iftheteacherimplicitlyleadsstudentstosomediscussionofthe‘findings’ofthegroups,thenheorshemayleaveenoughtimeforthistotakeplace.Becausethisprogressgiveseachgroupachancetoperceivedifferencesandsimilaritiesintheirwork,anditprovidesmotivationforfurthergroupwork;AccordingtoBrown（2001）,thisphasebringstheclassbacktogetherasawholecommunityoflearnersandevenaveryshortperiodofwhole-classdiscussionremindsstudentsthateveryoneintheroomisamemberofateamoflearners.

vi）Feedback

Afeedbacksessionusuallytakesplaceattheendofthesmallgroupdiscussion.Feedbackonthetaskmytakemanyforms:

givingtherightsolution;evaluatingsuggestions;orjustexpressingappreciationoftheeffortthathasbeeninvested.

Althoughallparticipantsinadiscussionhavetheresponsibilitytolistenandremembersomeofthecontributions,teachershaveaspecialresponsibilitytoretainvirtuallyeverythingsaid.Theymustdeveloptheabilitytorecallatappropriatetimeswhathasbeensaidearlierinordertoillustratepointsmadelater.

3）Teacher’sPrimaryRolesinGroupDiscussion

i）Participant

Insmallgroupdiscussion,teachersneedtocommunicateopenlyandempathicallywiththeirstudents.Theteacheropensspacesforstudentstoshareandclarifiesunfamiliarwaysofthinking.

Teachersasparticipantsimprovetheatmosphereintheclassandoffertheirstudentsachancetolearnfromthem.

ii）Facilitator

Teachersasfacilitatorsencouragestudentstoparticipateandmakesuggestionswhenstudentsareconfused.Theymakethediscussioneasierfortheirstudents,assisttheminfindingtheirownwaystosuccess.Teachers,tobefacilitators,mustfirstofallberealandgenuine,discardingmasksofsuperiorityandomniscience.

iii）Coordinator

Itistheteachersthatkeepthediscussionprocessflowingsmoothlyandefficiently.Teachersmustaimtocoordinatetheactivities,leadingstudentstowardsgreatercommunicativeability.

iv）Director

Justasthetheaterdirectorplaysapivotalroleinsustainingthefictionofastagedrama,sotheteacherusestheclassroomstagetosimulatetherealworld（DubinandOlshtain,1986）.

v）Consultant/resource

Obviously,teachersintheclassroomarejustlikeawalkingresourcecenterandprovidehelpwherenecessary.

vi）Organizer

It’stheteacher’sresponsibilitytohelpthestudentstoorganizethestudentgroupdiscussionanddiscusswiththestudentswhattheyaregoingtotalkabout,makeclearaboutwhattheirtaskis,gettheactivitygoing,andthenorganizefeedbackwhenitisover.Teachersareresponsibleforensuringthatgroupdiscussionissatisfactorilyorganizedatapracticallevel.

STEPONE

Sample

Hello,everyone.I’mtheleaderofGroupBeast.Youmaywonderwhyourgrouphassuchastrangename.Letmeexplain.Iftheletter“a”istakenoutof“beast,”whatworddowehavenow?

Yes,that’s“best”.SoIbelieveourgroupwillbethebestofall.Nowlet’stake“a,”“s,”and“t”outoftheword“beast,”andwehavetheword“be,”whichhasexactlythesamepronunciationas“bee,”ahard-working