初中英现在完成时讲解与练习.docx

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初中英现在完成时讲解与练习.docx

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初中英现在完成时讲解与练习.docx

初中英现在完成时讲解与练习

现在完成时

【现在完成时】

A.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

【常用时间状语】recently,lately,since+时间点,for+数字+时间名词,inthepastfewmonths/years等

【构成】肯定形式:

have/has+done

   否定形式:

have/has+not+done

   一般疑问句:

have或has放于句首

 B. 现在完成时的用法

1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。

eg.Thecarhasarrived. 车子来了。

(结果:

车子已在门口)

   Someonehasbrokenthewindow. 有人把窗户打破了。

(结果:

窗户仍破着)

区别:

havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin

havebeento,表示去过某个地方,不过现在已经回来了

havegoneto表示去了,但还没有回来,也许是在去的途中

havebeenin指的是在某个地方,从过去一直延续到现在Wherehashebeen?

他刚才到哪里去了?

(已经回来了)

Wherehashegone?

他上哪儿去了?

(人不在)

TheyhavebeentoCanada.他们到过加拿大。

(现在已经不在加拿大)

TheyhavegonetoCanada.他们到加拿大去了。

(可能在路上和已经到加拿大)

JillhasbeeninIrelandforthreedays.

  2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。

常用for和since表示一段时间的状语

  eg.HehasstudiedEnglishfor5years.

   HehasstudiedEnglishsince2001.

   NowIhavefinishedthework.

Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears.我已在此住了30多年。

since和for的区别

since后接时间点,如1993,lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgotthere

for后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。

Exercise:

用since和for填空

1.JimhasbeeninIreland______Monday.

2.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.

3.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.

4.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.

5.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.

6.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.

7.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.

8.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.

2)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。

因此,不能说:

Hehascomeherefor2weeks.×

Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×

Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×

以上三句话可以改为:

Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.

Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.

Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes

由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换:

arrive→behere

begin(start)→beon

die→bedead

comeback→beback

leave→beaway

fallill(sick,asleep)

→beill(sick,asleep)

getup→beup

goout→beout

finish→beover

puton→wear或beon

open→beopen

join→bein

或beamemberof…

close→beclosed

gotoschool→beastudent

borrow→keep

buy→have

catch(acold)→have(acold)

gettoknow→know

begintostudy→study

cometowork→work

3)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein,但可以和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等连用。

例如:

Shehasalreadycome.她已经来了。

Ihaven’treadityet.我还没读过这个。

Ihavemethimbefore.我从前曾见过他。

MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.马红一直是个好学生。

Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我经常在街上看见他。

TheyhaveneverbeentoYan’an.他们从未去过延安。

Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近来没看到他。

英语动词变过去式、过去分词不规则变化大全

不规则动词过去式

【AAA型】:

Costcostcost

cutcutcut

putputput

readreadread

hithithit

hurthurthurt

letletlet

【ABB型】:

(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)

catchcaughtcaught

teachtaughttaught

bringbroughtbrought

buyboughtbought

thinkthoughtthought

(原形→元音变化→元音变化)

sitsatsat

meetmetmet

findfoundfound

getgotgot

standstoodstood

understandunderstoodunderstood

winwonwon

(原形→“…t”→“…t”)

loselostlost

buildbuiltbuilt

sendsentsent

spendspentspent

smellsmeltsmelt

feelfeltfelt

learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned

lendlentlent

(原形→“…d”→“…d”)

Hearheardheard

Makemademade

have(has)hadhad

paypaidpaid

saysaidsaid

telltoldtold

(“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”)

sleepsleptslept

sweepsweptswept

keepkeptkept

leaveleftleft

【ABC型】:

(原形→变形→原形+en/ne)

be(am,is)wasbeen

be(are)werebeen

seesawseen

dodiddone

gowentgone

eatateeaten

givegavegiven

mistakemistookmistaken

taketooktaken

drivedrovedriven

writewrotewritten

(原形→“-o-”→“过去式-n”)

breakbrokebroken

speakspokespoken

forgetforgotforgotten

(原形→“ew”→“原形-n”)

showshowedshown

flyflewflown

growgrewgrown

throwthrewthrown

knowknewknown

(原形→“-a-”→“-u-”)

Beginbeganbegun

ringrangrung

drinkdrankdrunk

singsangsung

swimswamswum

【ABA型】

becomebecamebecome

comecamecome

runranrun

一、典型例题

()1.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_____for20minutes.

A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway

()2.I______theLeaguefor5yearssofar.

A.joinedB.havejoinedC.havebeenin

()3.Thefactory____sincetheFebruaryof1988.

A.hasbeenopenB.hasopenedC.wasopenD.opened

()4.MaryandRose____friendssincetheymetin2000.

A.havemadeB.havebeenC.madeD.havebecome

()5.Youmustn't_____untilhecomesback.

A.beawayB.leaveC.beleft

()6.Themeeting_____foraweeknow.

A.hasfinishedB.hasendedC.hasbeenover

()7.MissGao______thisschoolfornearly5years.

A.hasbeeninB.hascometoC.hastaught

()8.Ben______ateacherfor4years.

A.hasbeenB.hasbecomeC.wasD.became

()9.I______homeforaweek.

A.havereturnedB.havebeenbackC.returned

()10.Howlong_______he________?

A.diedB.has,diedC.has,beendead

()11.He______ateightyesterdayafternoon.

A.sleptB.wassleepingC.hassleepD.hadslept

()12.He________thecarforaweek.

A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashad

()13.---Howlong_____you_____ill?

---Twoweeks.

A.didfallB.have,fellC.have,been

()14.Since2000,he_____hishometown.

A.hasleftB.hasmovedawayC.hasbeenawayfrom

()15.I'lllendyouthebook,butyoucanonly_____itfor2days.

A.borrowB.keepC.take

三、课后练习

[单项选择]

()1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey______what'shappenedtohim.

A.knewB.haveknownC.mustknowD.willknow

()2、Hehas_______beentoShanghai,hashe?

A.alreadyB.neverC.everD.still

()3、HaveyoumetMrLi______?

A.justB.agoC.before  D.amomentago

()4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyear.

A.iswritingB.waswritingC.wrote  D.haswritten

()5、—Ourcountry______alotsofar.

—Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.

A.haschanged;well B.changed;goodC.haschanged;betterD.changed;better

()6、ZhaoLan______already______inthisschoolfortwoyears.

A.was;studying B.will;studyC.has;studiedD.are;studying

()7、We______XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

A.knowB.hadknownC.haveknownD.knew

()8、HarryPotterisaverynicefilm.I______ittwice.

A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see

()9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates.

—Really?

When_____there?

A.willtheygoB.didtheygoC.dotheygoD.havetheygone

()10、—______you___yourhomeworkyet?

—Yes.I_____itamomentago.

A.Did;do;finishedB.Have;done;finished

C.Have;done;havefinishedD.will;do;finish

()11、Hisfather______theclubsince1988.

A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.wasinD.hasbeenin

()12、—Doyouknowherwell?

—Sure.We_________friendssincetenyearsago.

A.wereB.havebeenC.havebecomeD.havemade

()13、—Howlonghaveyou____here?

—Aboutsevenyears.

A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived

()14、Hurryup!

Theprogram__________forfiveminutes.

A.hasbegunB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.began

()15、It_____tenyearssincehecameChengdu.

A.isB.hasC.willD.was

()16、MissGreenisn'tintheoffice.She_______tothelibrary.

A.hasgoneB.wentC.willgoD.hasbeen

()17、Myparents______Shandongfortenyears.

A.havebeeninB.havebeentoC.havegonetoD.havebeen

()18、He________for2hours.

A.gotupB.hasgotupC.hasbeenup

()19、Tomisillinhospital.He______acoldforseveraldays.

A.isB.catchesC.hascaughtD.hashad

()20、Hisgrandparents______formorethan9years.

A.hascomehere B.hasstartedtoworkC.haslivedthere D.haslefttheuniversity

[汉译英]

1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。

2、他昨天收到一封信。

3、我父亲以前到过长城。

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、她去过上海。

1、Jimhasfinisheddoinghishomeworkalready.Heisfreenow.

2、Hereceivedaletteryesterday.

3、MyfatherhasbeentotheGreatWallbefore.

4、Shehasn'tseenthenewfilmyet.

5、ShehasbeentoShanghai.

Exercise:

I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.

1.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.

2._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?

Notyet.

3.Myfather____just____(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.

4.Where’sLiMing?

He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.

5.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.

6.I_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.

7.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?

Fortwoweeks.

8.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.

9.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.

10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?

11.Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.

12.Look!

Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.

13.Mymother__________(come)toseemenextSunday.

14.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?

II.Choosethebestanswer.

1.Howlonghaveyou_______here?

A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been

2.Mygrandpadied_________.

A.attheageofmy2B.for2years

C.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.

3.Janehas_____toBeiJing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.

A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen

4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.

A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that

5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?

--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.

A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet

6.--Whatanicedress!

Howlong_____you_____it?

--Just2weeks.

A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had

7.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?

--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.

A.havemade

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