21世纪研究生英语阅读教程Unit7重点.docx

21世纪研究生英语阅读教程Unit7重点.docx

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21世纪研究生英语阅读教程Unit7重点

UNITSEVEN

EuropeFindsCleanEnergyinTrash,butU.S.Lags

ElisabethRosenthal

●BackgroundInformation

1.Introduction:

EuropeFindsCleanEnergyinTrash,butU.S.LagsisanarticlewrittenbyElisabethRosenthal,whoismedicaldoctorwhowritesforTheNewYorkTimesspecializinginepidemicdisease,andscientificandenvironmentalmatters.Theconsumptionhabitsofmodernconsumerlifestylesarecausingahugeworldwidewasteproblem.Havingoverfilledlocallandfillcapacities,manyfirstworldnationsarenowexportingtheirrefusetothirdworldcountries.Thisishavingadevastatingimpactonecosystemsandculturesthroughouttheworld.Somealternativeenergycompaniesaredevelopingnewwaystorecyclewastebygeneratingelectricityfromlandfillwasteandpollution.Thebroadusesofnew,cleanergarbageincineratorsacrossEuropeconverttrashintoheatandelectricity.InDenmark,theseplantshavebeenembracedeveninwealthysuburbsbecausetheycurbenergycosts,reducetheuseoflandfillsandcutcarbondioxideemissions.

Butthesenext-generationincinerators,knownaswaste-to-energyplants,havenotcaughtonintheUnitedStates,wheremostgarbageisstillhauledtodistantlandfills.WhatstandsinthewayoftheU.S.adoptingmoreoftheseadvancedtechnologies?

2.ElisabethRosenthal:

isamedicaldoctorwhowritesforTheNewYorkTimesspecializinginepidemicdisease,andscientificandenvironmentalmatters.SheattendedHarvardMedicalSchool,didherresidencyatTheNewYorkHospital-CornellMedicalCenterandworkedatNewYorkHospital.In1998,shebecameacorrespondentforTheTimes'sChinabureau,whereshedidimportantcoverageofSARSandAIDS.Inparticularshewroteontheanti-AIDScampaignerDr.GaoYaojieintheearly2000s,atatimewhentheissuewasstillsensitiveinthatcountry.

3.GreenEnergy:

includesnaturalenergeticprocessesthatcanbeharnessedwithlittlepollution.Anaerobicdigestion,geothermalpower,windpower,small-scalehydropower,solarenergy,biomasspower,tidalpower,andwavepowerfallundersuchacategory.Somedefinitionsmayalsoincludepowerderivedfromtheincinerationofwaste.

4.Waste-to-energy:

istheprocessofcreatingenergyintheformofelectricityorheatfromtheincinerationofwastesource.Waste-to-energyisaformofenergyrecovery.MostWaste-to-energyprocessesproduceelectricitydirectlythroughcombustion,orproduceacombustiblefuelcommodity,suchasmethane,methanol,ethanolorsyntheticfuels.

5.Incineration:

isthethermaldestructionofwaste.Itisasoldasthrowingfoodwastesonawoodfire,andinmanydevelopingnations,garbageisstillroutinelyburnedindrumsandboxesoncitystreets.Modernincinerationsystemsusehightemperatures,controlledair,andexcellentmixingtochangethechemical,physical,orbiologicalcharacterorcompositionofwastematerials.Thenewsystemsareequippedwithstate-of-the-artairpollutioncontroldevicestocaptureparticulateandgaseousemissioncontaminates.Therearestillmanyhealthconcernsconnectedwithincinerationsystems,especiallyforpopulationslivingnearincinerators.Insomecases,theheatgeneratedbyincinerationcanbeusedtogenerateelectricpower.

6.Landfill:

Alandfillsite（alsoknownastip,dumporrubbishdumpandhistoricallyasamidden）,isasiteforthedisposalofwastematerialsbyburialandistheoldestformofwastetreatment.Historically,landfillshavebeenthemostcommonmethodsoforganizedwastedisposalandremainsoinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Landfillsmayincludeinternalwastedisposalsites（whereaproducerofwastecarriesouttheirownwastedisposalattheplaceofproduction）aswellassitesusedbymanyproducers.Manylandfillsarealsousedforwastemanagementpurposes,suchasthetemporarystorage,consolidationandtransfer,orprocessingofwastematerial（sorting,treatment,orrecycling）.

7.TheKyotoProtocol:

isaprotocoltotheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange（UNFCCCorFCCC）,aimedatfightingglobalwarming.TheUNFCCCisaninternationalenvironmentaltreatywiththegoalofachievingthe"stabilizationofgreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphereatalevelthatwouldpreventdangerousanthropogenicinterferencewiththeclimatesystem."TheProtocolwasinitiallyadoptedon11December1997inKyoto,Japan,andenteredintoforceon16February2005.AsofApril2010,191stateshavesignedandratifiedtheprotocol.

●LanguagePoints

1.enclave（Para.1）:

agroupthatissetofffromalargerpopulationbyitscharacteristicorbehavior

Examples:

whenitcametimetobuyahouseinthehistoricenclave,thecouplecouldn'tfindonetheyloved.

China'sleadersareadamantaboutpreventingaseparateIslamicenclavefromgainingautonomyinthewesternhalfofthecountry.

2.hulk（Para.1）:

toappearasamassiveortoweringform

Examples:

Thebigtruckhulkedoutofthefog.

Aboutamileoff,therestoodatotteringhulkofabuilding,weatheredandgray.

3.incinerator（Para.2）:

afurnacethatburnsrefuse

Examples:

WehavealreadyensuredtheincineratorwillbeadominantissueintheAssemblyelections.

Takehimoutofhereandthrowhimintheincinerator,cuthimtolittlepiecesandfeedhimtotheanimalsoutthere.

4.mainstay（Para.2）:

achiefsupport

Examples:

Andithasbecomemainstay,buttherearechallengestothatinterpretation.

Frontgate,whichisaluxuryoutdoor-furniturebrandandabigmainstayofthebusiness,wasaffectedbytheeconomy.

5.exurb（Para.2）:

aresidentialareabeyondthesuburbs

Examples:

Itdrivesupthecostoflandandhousingintheonce-quietexurb,wherelocalsalariescan'tkeeppace.

Thenewexurbmightlookalotliketheoldcountryside.

6.unsightly（Para.3）:

unpleasantoroffensivetolookat;unattractive

Examples:

Outofdesperation,shepickedabunchofunsightlyweedsonherwaytochurch.

Americanshaveshedsomedebt,whichisgood,butinanunsightlyfashion,whichisnotsogood.

7.renewable（Para.4）:

thatcanberenewed

Examples:

Ithinkthelessonis,wehavetolookatrenewableenergy,naturalgas,cleansources

Itwantstoget30percentofitselectricityfromrenewablesources.

8.eligible（Para.4）:

suitable;worthyofbeingchosen

Examples:

Thosewho'vebeenonunemploymentfortwoyearswouldbeeligibletoreceivemoreunemploymentinsurance.

ItwasnowonderthatthepairwereregardedastheWest'smosteligiblebachelors,

9.residential（Para.4）:

relatingto,orhavingresidence

Examples:

Nodoubtthey'dbehearingfromthepark'sresidentialneighborscomplainingaboutthelight.

Theresidentialstreetwasdarkandquiet,withanalmosteerieabsenceofpeople.

10.copious（Para.7）:

greatinquantityornumber,profuse,abundant

Examples:

Ifoundourspeechcopiouswithoutorder,andenergeticwithoutrules.

Mostpeopleenjoythefestivenatureofthecelebration,thecopiousfireworks,andthecolorfulChineselanternprocessions.

11.irrational（Para.9）:

markedbyalackofaccordwithreasonorsoundjudgment

Examples:

Wehadirrationalmomentsduringthepregnancy,Iadmittothatinthebook.

Sheknewitwasobsessive,compulsive,irrational,butshehadtotellhim.

12.affluent（Para.10）:

plentiful;abundant

Examples:

Itcanrefertoanythingfromaffluentprosperitytowhateveritisthatonetreasures.

Peopleacrosstheworldaremoreaffluent,moremobile,andlesstradition-bound.

13.encase（Para.11）:

toencloseasinacase

Examples:

Idecidedtoencasethefamilytree,aScotchpine,withblueangelhair.

Hismostambitiousprojectwastoencaseabookinglass

14.elaborate（Para.11）:

plannedorexecutedwithpainstakingattentiontonumerouspartsordetails

Examples:

Theelaborateceremonywassuperblyorchestratedandproducedalumpinthethroatofmanyattendees.

Oneofmyproofsoflovewastoplananelaboratepartyformymother-in-law'smilestonebirthday.

15.sculpture（Para.11）:

tofashionsomethingintoathree-dimensionalfigure

Examples:

Johnandsomeoftheothersworkonasculptureofhisfamily.

Shumbatoldmethathepersonallypreferstouseseveralbrightcolorsonasculpture.

16.corduroy（Para.11）:

aheavyfabric,usuallymadeofcotton

Examples:

ShouldIkeepthesecutecorduroypantsthatmysonwore,orshouldIgetridofthem?

Rick'swifesatcurledonafancycorduroycouch.

17.carport（Para.11）:

anopen-sidedshelterforanautomotivevehicle

Examples:

ShewalkedtothehousewhereMarkmadeahabitofleavingthecarportdoorunlockedsotheemployeescouldusethebathroom.

Mycarwasinthedriveway,dryasaboneunderthecarport.

18.deterrent（Para.12）:

servingtodeter,preventingsomethingfromhappening

Examples:

Equippedwithcameras,theyareadeterrenttogovernmentstemptedtocrackdownviolentlyonpublicactions.

Andyouwereexpressingsupportfortheideathatnuclearweaponscanbeaneffectivedeterrentagainstchemicalandbiologicalweapons.

19.flirt（Para.12）:

todealplayfully,triflingly,orsuperficiallywith

Examples:

Inbetweenmarriagesandstuff,we'dflirtwitheachother.

Ayounghippiechickcametothetabletoflirtwithme.

20.emanate（Para.13）:

tosendorgiveout;manifest

Examples:

Didthesensationofbeingpreyeduponbyunseeneyesandearsemanatefromthatchunkofmetal?

Itsdeathhadgoneunnoticeduntilthesmellofputrefactionbegantoemanatefromaremotecupboard.

21.ratify（Para.15）:

togiveformalconsentto;makeofficiallyvalid

Examples:

JohnJayweretryingtogetthestateofNewYorktoratifytheConstitution.

ThereareonlytwoUnitedNations（UN）memberswhohaveyettoratifythecon