商业伦理案例分析EnWord文档格式.doc

商业伦理案例分析EnWord文档格式.doc

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Letusanalysisitfromtheethicalperspective:

theyare:

Utilitarianism,Kantiandeontology,justice,rightandEthicalRelativism.

Utilitarianism

Firstly,whatisUtilitarianism?

Anactionisrightifitleadstothegreatestpossiblebalanceofgoodconsequencesforeveryoneaffectedbytheaction.Whetheranyone（A）hasdonewhatisrightdependsonhowgoodorbadtheconsequencesofA’sactionsareforeveryoneaffected.Thus,howAisaffectedisrelevant;

butsoishowothersareaffected.One’sgoodisasworthwhileaseveryperson,thisitnotegoisticoraltruisticbutuniversalistic.Utilitarianismaimsatmaximizingthegreatestgoodforthegreatestnumber.Buthowtodoit?

Maybewecanassessalltheconsequencesonallthoseaffectedbytheaction/decisioninthelong&

shortterm,valuingeachpersonequally.Butweshouldrememberthemottothatendsjustifiesthemeans.Afterwefinishthatwecouldgettheresultthatitguidespeople’sactionstoproducingabetterworld.

Intheutilitarianview,carcompanieshelpChinatoexpandautomobileindustryiswrong.Although,automobilecompanies'

measuresweretodevelopChina'

sautomarketandthecarfactory,alsoitcausedcarsalespromotion,andthetechnologyismoreskilled,itcausedinnovation,itpulledthecountry'

seconomicdevelopment.Atthesametimeitpromotedtheemployment.But,thisisrelativeinChina,relativetotheautoindustryasmallbranch.Althoughthecarcompany'

smotiveandmeansarecorrect,butintheutilitarianview,thedevelopmentofChina'

sautomotiveindustrywillleadtothefuelshortageandbeinshortsupply,andpricesrise,breakingsupplybalance.Thisledtoaglobalproblem,sothat"

thegreatesthappinessvaluereduced"

.Andthedecreaseofthebiggesthappinessistheevil.Obviously,fromthisperspective,thecarcompanieswerewrong.

Kantiandeontology

Kantemphasizedthewayinwhichmorallifeiscenteredonduty.Ethicsisallaboutwhatdutiestheyare,howwecanfindoutwhattheyareandwhywemustobeythem.Actually,whenreasonsguidethewill,onecanactfrom“duty”.Reasonisthesameforallindividuals;

thereforemoralityhasanobjectivebasis.itbecauseourfunctionistoberationalagents.Happinessisnotthehighestgood.

FromKantiandeontology,wecansee,thisisatheorythatiscompletelyoppositeutilitarianvalue.Fromthisperspective,thecarcompaniesestablishedfactoriesinChina,tohelpthedevelopmentofautomobileindustry,isakindofmoral,notdopinganyinterestvalue,notconsideringtheinfluenceofChinaandtheworld,butindoingone'

sduty.Itisakindofgoodthatwillpromote,thiskindofgoodwillnotdependonjoyorsadnesstojudgethegoodorbad.WithcarcompanieshelpingChina,Chinahastheadvancedautomobilemanufacturingtechnology,thisisgood.Sofromthispointofview,thecarcompaniesareactuallyright.Theyallcametotheirobligation,theypassedtheirtechnologyandexperiencestoothers,withoutconsideringotherexternalfactors,thisisgood,andthisisfortheirowngood.Butifthecarcompanyjusttook,didnotperformthecorrespondingresponsibility,anddidnotpayattentiontotheother,andthatiswrong,itcannotstandthetestofKantiandeontology.

Justice

Thejusticeviewconsidersethicalbehaviorasthatwhichisimpartialandfairintreatingpeopleaccordingtoguidingrulesandstandards.Justicehasfivetypes:

CompensatoryJustice,RetributiveJustice,ProceduralJustice,CommutativeJusticeandDistributiveJustice.CompensatoryJusticemeanscompensationshouldbeproportionaltoharmforthepast.AndRetributiveJusticeistoimpositionofpunishmentsandpenaltiesonwrongdoers,bothcorporationsandindividuals.ProceduralJusticeneedfairdecisionprocedures,practicesoragreements.CommutativeJusticecanfunctionintransactions.LastDistributiveJusticemeansfairdistributionofsociety’sbenefitsandburdens.

Fromthepointofviewofjustice,thecarcompanies'

helpforChinaisunreasonable.Becauseitdoesn’tdependonthetheoryofjusticeequalityprincipleofdistribution.ThegrowthofChina'

sautomotiveindustrycertainlywilldrivethefuelpricepromotionandenergyshortage;

itaffectsthenormaloperationofotherareas.Residents’dailylifewillbeshortoffuel,theshortageofothercountriesindustrialenergy,itseriouslyaffectsthefairdistribution,anditwasalsofarfromthejustice.Althoughthetheoryofjusticealsomentionthat"

ifnotjustice,unlesstheaveragedistributionofonekindofvalueorallonekindofvalueinequalitydistributiontoeachone'

sinterests.Soitistosay,othercountriesdevelopthecarindustryearlier,thentheinequalitywasdistributedtotheinterestsofeveryone,nowisdifferent,fueltensesituationiswhatwehavetoface,theaveragedistributionisevenmoreimportant.Ontheotherhand,developedcountrieshaddevelopedtheirautomobileindustry,anddevelopingcountriesalsohavetherighttodeveloptheircarindustry.Developedcountriescausedpollutionoftheenvironmentandresourcedepletion,buttheycouldn’tlimitthedevelopmentofChinadependingonthis.SoChinahastherighttothedevelopmentofthecarindustry.Butwhatweneedtopayattentiontoisthattherightisnotinfinite,itneedstobeconsideredvariousfactors,anditshouldbeusedreasonably.Therefore,fromthepointofviewofjustice,thecarcompanytodosoiswrong.

Right

ArightissomethingIamentitledto,ifIwantit.Myrighttosomethingputsothersunderaduty（orobligation）totreatmeinsuchawaythatmyrightcanbefulfilled.Thatmeansaclaimthatoneisentitledtobetreatedinacertainwayorsomethingthatapersonchoosestoexerciseifhewantsto.Itincludestwosides:

NegativeRightsandPositiveRights.NegativeRightistheentitlementtobeleftalonefreeofinterferencefromothers.Forexample,righttofreespeech,righttosmoke,righttodobusiness,etc.AndPositiveRightisentitlementtobeprovidedwithsomethingorhavesomethingdoneforone.Forexamplerighttohealthcare,educationandwork.

Fromtheethicalperspective,rightsandobligationsarenotabsolutelyequivalencerelation,carcompaniesestablishedfactoriesinChina,tohelpthedevelopmentofthecarindustryinChina,itistheirright,benefitistheirrights,althoughtheyshouldsafeguardworldenergybalanceofresponsibility,buttherightsandresponsibilityarenotequal,theymakefulluseoftheirrights,andthat'

swhattheywanttodo,othershavenorighttointerferewith,isn'

tit?

So,automobileenterprisesinChinatohelpthedevelopmentofthecarindustryareunderstandable.

EthicalRelativism

EthicalRelativismisanethicaltheorythatclaimsrightandwrongissubjectivelydeterminedbyeachculture（orindividualorgroup,societyorreligion）.OfcourseRelativismalsohastwotypes:

DescriptiveEthicalRelativismwhichclaimsasamatteroffactthatdifferentcultureshavedifferentmoralvalues.TheotheroneisNormativeEthicalRelativismwhichclaimsthateachcultureisrightuntoitanddeniesthatwecanmakerationalorobjectiveethicaljudgments.Whatisgoodissociallyacceptedandwhatisbadissociallyunacceptableinagivenculture.Thereisnosuchthingasuniversaltruthinethics;

thereareonlythevariousculturalcodesandnothingmore.Differentcultureshavedifferentmoralcodes;

therefore,thereisnoobjective“truth”inmorality.Ifthecarcompanycanfollowtherules,andgivefullconsiderationtotheinterestsofthehostcountry,it'

snotwrong.Rightandwrongareonlymattersofopinion,andopinionsvaryfromculturetoculture.

So,carcompaniestohelpChina'

sdevelopmentofautomobileindustry,thereisnorightandwrongofthepoints.OfteninChinathisisregardedasakindofright,butinotherplaceshavemightbeseenaswrong,thiscloselyistheculturaldifference,leadtothedifferentcodeofethics,whichleadtodifferentunderstandingandview,ethicsarealreadyrelativity,sodifferentsocialorderandstandardleadtodifferentethicaltheoryanddifferentbehavior.Thingscoinhasitstwosides;

thisistheethicalhighmeaning.

Tosumup,,indifferentlevelsanddifferentethicaltheorywhetherthecarenterprisehelpChinadevelopmentofautomobileindustryisrightorwrongishardtosay.So,insteadofblindlyarguingforwhoisrightandwhoiswrong,itisreallytodosomepractice,payattentiontothebusinessethics,payattentiontotheenterprisedevelopmentwhichshouldbearthesocialresponsibility,donotblindlypursuebenefitmaximization,itshouldbeconsideredthelong-termdevelopment,consideringforordinarypeople,fortheinfluenceoftheenvironmentandotheraspects,tocomprehensiveallaspectsofadvantagesanddisadvantages,thenwecanletenterpriseobtainsthegooddevelopmentopportunities,formabenigncycle.Inaword,todeveloptheenterprise,wemustattachimportancetotheconstructionoftheenterpriseethics.

Thecontinuousdevelopmentofeconomicglobalizationmakethetraditionalenterprisevalueandresponsibilityideachange,paymoreattentiontothenaturalresources,ecologicalenvironment,workers'

rightsandbusinessethics,totakemoretostakeholdersandsocialresponsibility,hasbecomeaglobalenterprisedevelopmenttrend.

InthepearlriverdeltainQingyuan,peopleunilateralemphasizetheimportanceofintro