英语写作对比的方法.docx

英语写作对比的方法.docx

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英语写作对比的方法

ComparisonandContrast

比较和对照的写作方法

 一．目标、重点和难点

目标：

掌握英语作文中比较和对照的写作方法（比较着重相似点，而对照强调不同之处）；

重点：

熟悉比较和对照写作方法的特点、模式及相关写作语块（词组、结构及句子）；

难点：

训练学生对作文主题的思维拓展以及相关语言表达的总结。

 二．使用比较和对照写作方法的一般是说明文与论说文，常见的比较对照有两种方式:

1.块状比较方式（blockmethod），先A后B，即A1,A2,A3...；B1，B2，B3...。

2.逐点比较方式（point-by-pointmethod），AB交错，即A1，B1；A2，B2；A3，B3...。

范文一：

CountryLifeandCityLife

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,citylifeorrurallife.Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.

Livinginthecityhasagreatmanyadvantages.First,youcanenjoyvariouskindsoffoods,bothforeignanddomestic.Second,therearemoreculturalactivitiesinthecity–youcangototheconcert,thetheatre,themoviesorthediscoclubafteraday’shardwork.Butcitylifehasmanyproblems,too.Theovercrowdedpopulation,trafficjam,industrialpollution,andthelackofunderstandingbetweenpeoplemayresultindiseaseandunhappiness.Livinginthecountry,however,youcanwatchthemagnificentsunriseandsunsetandlistentothebirdsinginginthetree.Ifyouwant,youcancertainlyhaveahugegardenwhenasmallgreenspaceseemsaluxuryinthecity.Inthecountry,youdon’thavesomucnworries.Youcanenjoythepleasureofworkbyplantingseedsintheearthandwatchingthemgrowintoflowersandfinallyintofruitsorfood.Butrurallifemaynotbethatperfect.Thingsaregoingsoslowlythatsometimesyoumayfeelthatyouareabsoluteleftbehindinsomeremotecornersoftheworld.Youmayagainmisstheparties,friendsandmoviesinthecity.

Likeanythingelse,countrylifeandcitylifehavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.Thebestsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofbothlivesandgetridoftheirinconveniences.

范文二：

MiddleSchoolLifeandCollegeLife

Therearemanydifferencesbetweenmiddleschoolandthecollege.First，inmiddleschool，wehavetolistentowhattheteachersaysinclass,tounderstandthecontentofthetext.Butincollege，wemuststudybyourselvesbeforeclass.Ifnot，wecouldn'tfollowtheteacher.Second，therearelotsofrulesinmiddleschool.Forexample，weshouldweartheuniform，thegirlsmusthavetheirhaircutshort，andwearenotallowedtomakeboy- or girlfriends.However，incollege，wehavemorefreedom.Wecanweartheclotheswelike.Andthegirlscouldhavelongbeautifulhair.Wearealsofreetomakeboy or girlfriends.Thethird，inthemiddleschool，wemuststudyfirst.Thatmeanswecoulddonothingbutstudy.Incontrast，wehavetodoeverythingbyourselvesincollege.Thatmeanswemustplanourtimecarefully.Therearealsootherdifferencesbetweenourschoollifeandourcollegelife.Wehavetolearntoadaptourselvestocollegelife.

 三．写作步骤

1.写前阶段：

写作提纲

1）对两个对象或一个对象的两个方面进行比较与对照分析，找出相似点/不同之处。

如分析Onlineshopingorin-storeshopping（网络购物还是店内购

Advantages

Disadvantages

Onlineshopping

Convenient;

Cheap;

Alotofselections

Cheated;

Cannotseetheitemsinperson;

In-storeshopping

Personal,talk;

Knowthequality;

Goodforhealth

Expensive;

Time-consuming;

tiring

2.写作阶段：

利用相关资料，组织结构与内容

1）Usefulwordsandphrases:

比较：

like,similarly,likewise,inthesameway,inthesamemanner,equally.

对照：

bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,ontheotherhand,unlike,instead,but,conversely,differentfrom,however,nevertheless,otherwise,whereas,unlike,yet,incontrast.

2）Usefulexpressions

Ø     Justlikeacoinhastwosides,everytinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,and…isnoexception.

Ø     Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages.

Ø     TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB.

Ø     AmaybepreferabletoB,butAsuffersfromthedisadvantagesthat...

Ø     Forallthedisadvantages,ithasitscompensatingadvantages.

Ø     Likeanythingelse,ithasitsfaults.

Ø     AandBhasseveralpointsincommon.

Ø     AbearssomeresemblancestoB.

Ø     However,thesameisnotapplicabletoB.

Ø     AandBdifferinseveralways.

Ø     Evidently,ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects.

Ø     ThesameistrueofB.

Ø     WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.

Ø     ItistruethatA...,butthechieffaults（obviousdefects）are...

3）UsefulWritingPatterns

（1）块状比较模板：

模板一

Itisreallyhardtosaywhichisbetterthantheother,AorB.Bothhavetheirmeritsandshortcomings.

Ahasagreatmanyadvantages.First,….Second,….Third,….WonderingasAis,ithasitsdrawbacks.Firstofall,….Besides,….

BisquitedifferentfromBinmanyways.Itspositivesidesareasfollows.Firstly,….Sencondly,….Likeanytingelse,Bhasitsfaults,such

as….

Evidently,bothAandBhavetheirpositiveandnegativeaspects.Thebestsolutionmaybethatyouenjoypleasuresofthebothandget

ridoftheirinconveniences.

模板二

Thetopicof____（主题）isbecomingmoreandmorepopularrecently.Therearetwosidesofopinionsaboutit.Somepeoplesay_A__istheirfavorite.Theyholdtheirviewforthereasonof______（A理由一）.What’smore,_____（A理由二）.Moreover,_____（A理由三）.

Whileothersthinkthat__B__isabetterchoiceinthefollowingthreereasons.Firstly,______（B理由一）.Secondly/Besides,______（B理由二）.Thirdly/Finally,______（B理由三）.

Formypointofview,Ithink______（我的观点）.Thereasonisthat_____（原因）.Asamatteroffact,therearesomeotherreasonto

explainmychoice.Forme,theformerissurelyawisechoice.

模板三

Thereisaheateddebateover______（主题）.Itiscommonlyacceptedthat__A__.Incontrast,othersthinkthat__B___.

Thosewhoholdthefirstopinionsuggestthat______（A理由一）.Intheirview,______（A理由二）.However,othersthink______（B理由一）.Theyarguethat_______（B理由二）.

          Consideringoneafteranother,Istandonthesideof_A/B__.Firstofall,______（原因一）.Furthermore,_______（原因二）.Thirdly,______（原因三）.

Therefore,Iaminfavoroftheidea_____（我的观点）.

（2）逐点比较框架：

BothAandBareverypopularintoday’ssociety.Justlikeacoinhastwosides,everytinghasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages,andA

andBarenoexception.

TherearemanydifferencesbetweenAandB.Inthefirstplace,A….Onthecontrary,B….Inthesecondplace，A….UnlikeA,B….

Lastbutbynomeanstheleast,A….Bycontrast,B….

BothAandBhavetheirstrongpointsandweakpointsrespectively.Peoplecanchoosewhichwaytouseaccordingtotheirownlikes

anddislikes.

3.写作后阶段：

检查与修改

1）词汇、结构、句型、时态、语法（方面的错误减到最低）；

2）句子之间的连接、段落之间的衔接（流畅；

3）整篇文章的内容（重点突出）、结构与层次（清晰、分明）；

四．写作练习：

请根据自己的能力和兴趣，用比较和对照写作方法完成一篇英语作文，题目如下：

1.ByCarorByBike

2.ByE-mailorByLetter

3.LiveOnCampusorOffCampus

4.PackageTourorTravellingOnYourOwn

5.CollegeLecturesorDiscussion

6.StudyAbroadorAtHome

五．范文

CampusLife

1.有的大学生认为大学生活是丰富多彩，充实的；

2.有的大学生对校园生活不满意；

3.你理想中的大学生活是什么样的？

谈谈你的感受。

Earlyinseniorhighschool,welongedtobeenrolledinauniversity.Nowthedreamhascometrue.Buthowdowecollegestudentslikeourcampuslife?

Certainly,somerelishit,findingitcolorfulandrewarding.Besidesstudy,theyspendconsiderableamountoftimeimprovingthemselvesinvariousaspect.Yetothersdonotthinkmuchoftheircollegelife,thusdonotbenefitasmuch.Intheireyes,theuniversityisjustabiggerhighschool.Theonlydifferenceisthattheyhavemoretimeattheirdisposalwithoutparentslookingovertheirshoulder.

Astome,collegelifeisidealifonlyIhaveabundantbookstoread,somebosomfriendstokeepmecompany,acoupleofconscientiousprofessorstoinstructme,andaneasyaccesstotheInternet.

OnOverseasStudy

1.有人认为出国留学是个人发展的最佳选择；

2.也有人坚持在国内也能实现自己的理想；

3.我的看法。

Withthedeepeningofreformandopening—upofourcountry,manypeopledreamofgoingabroadforfurtherstudy.Theyinsistthatthemodernresearchfacilities,worldfamousprofessorsandexcellentenvironmentinthoseforeignco11egesanduniversitiescanhelplayaperfectfoundationfortheirfuturedevelopment.

However,therearestillmanypeoplewhofavorstudyingathome.Theyarguethatstudyingabroadistooexpensiveandthereforedoesn’tpay,Theyalsopointoutthattherearenolanguageandcu1turalbarriersiftheystudyinourcountry.

Justastheoldsayinggoes,“Everyadvantagehasitsdisadvantage.”Bothopinionsareacceptableinsomesense.Ifstudentshavethechanceandfinancialresources,theyshouldseizetheopportunitytogoabroadandbroadentheireyes.Ontheotherhand,ifconditionsdon’tpermit,theycanpursuetheirstudiesintopuniversitiesathome.Whatcountsisnottheplacewheretheystudy,butwhattheycanlearn．

WesternFestivalsinChina

1有人崇尚过西方节目，认为是与国际接轨的途径之一。

2有人反对过西方节日，强调要保持民族文化的纯洁性。

3我的观点。

Wearealwayslookingforwardtoavarietyoffestivals.Amongthem,somearefromwesterncountries,forexample,Christmas,theValentine'SDayandsoon.Somepeople,especiallytheyoungmen,considereditnaturaltocelebratethesefestivals.TheypointoutthatacceptingwesternfestivalsshowsthatpeopleinChinaarebecomingmoreandmoreawareoftheimportanceofinternationalculturalexchangebetweenthecountries.Celebratingthefestivalsofanothercultureisjustagoodchanceforustoknowmoreaboutit.Afterall,thesefestivalshaveenrichedourlife.

Onthecontrary,argumentsagainstthesewesternfestivalscanbe0ftenheardamongoldpeople.TheythinkthatChinesecultureiseminentandglorious.WeChineseshouldkeepitspurity,sinceitisthisculturethatmakesournationdifferentfromothers.Thoseexoticfestivalscannotblendinwithoursbecauseoftheirforeignbackground.

Asformypart,Idon'tthinkforeignfestivalswilldoanyharmtothepurityorsurvivalofourculture.Besides,whethertocelebratethe