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外研社杯全国英语阅读大赛样题doc
2016“外研社杯”全国英语阅读大赛样题
PartIReadandKnow
InPartI,youwillreadshorttextsofvariouskinds.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestions.(Timeallowed:
22minutes)
Questions1-3(Suggestedcompletiontime:
5minutes)
Directions:
Readthefollowingquotes.Matchthequotesontheleftwiththepeopleontheright.
Pleasenotetherearetwoextraoptionsyoudonotneedtouse.
_____1.Givemealeverlongenoughandafulcrum
on
A.JohnLocke
whichtoplaceit,andIshallmovetheworld.
B.Archimedes
isnot
the
doctrine
ofhowwemaymake
ourselves
C.Aristotle
happy,
but
howwe
maymake
ourselves
worthy
of
D.ImmanuelKant
happiness.
E.SteveJobs
can'tconnectthedotslooking
forward;youcan
only
connect
themlooking
backwards.Soyouhaveto
trust
thatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.
Questions4(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Toensurethehighstandardsoffacilitiesweneedtobuildnewwards,laboratoriesandconsultingrooms.Inshort,weneedyourhelpnow.Completethecoupontodayandrestassuredthatyourdonationisgoingtothebestpossiblecause.
4.Whereisthepieceoftexttakenfrom?
A.anadvertisementB.aninstructionbooklet
C.astoryD.anewspaper
Questions5(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Fewcornersoftheworldremainuntaintedbyintrepidtourists,andtheirimpactisoftendevastating.Toofrequentlytheytrampleheedlesslyonfragileenvironments,displacingwildlifeandlocalpopulationsintheirinsatiablequestforunexploredlocations.
5.Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?
A.Thefutureoftourism
B.Theroleoftourism
C.Thepriceoftourism
D.Thebenefitsoftourism
Questions6(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Buyingandsellinganythingisyourfortenow.Ifyouvisitajumbleorcar-bootsaleorthelike,aromanticencounterismorethanprobable!
Newslinkedtothefamilyisbrilliant!
6.Whattypeoftextisthis?
A.Apersonaladvertisement.
B.Apersonalhoroscope.
C.Afriend’sletterofadvice.
D.Awrittenwarning.
Questions7(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Withourtravelagency,theholidayyoubookistheholidayyouget.Ifyouarriveandfind
we’vefailedtoliveuptoourpromises,letusknowwhattheproblemiswithinonedayofyour
arrival.We’llspend24hoursdoingeverythingpossibletosorttheproblemout.Intheunlikely
eventthatwecan’tresolveyourproblemandmakeyouhappywithin24hours,we’llflyyou
homeandgiveyourmoneyback.
7.Thetextcouldbestbedescribedas__________.
A.acommitment
B.anappeal
C.awarning
D.avow
Questions8(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Thenewdigitalcamerasaregreatfunandveryeasytouse.Theyletyoureviewyour
picturesthemomentyoutakethem,soyoucanre-shootrightawayifyou’renotsatisfied.Butremember,adigitalcameraisjustacomputerXXXX.It’snotareplacementforyourordinarycamera.
8.Whatisthemeaningofthemissingword(XXXX)inthetext?
A.“somethingthatispoorquality”
B.“anitemthatisnotessential,somethingextra”
C.“somethingexpensivebutgoodvalueformoney”
D.“afashionwhichalwaysremainspopular”
Questions9(Suggestedcompletiontime:
2minutes)
Directions:
Readthetext,andanswerthequestionaccordingtothetext.
Shehadgonealone,butthechildrenweretogotothestationtomeether.Andlovingthestationastheydid,itwasonlynaturalthattheyshouldbethereagoodhourbeforetherewasanychanceofMother’strainarriving,evenifthetrainwerepunctual,whichwasmostunlikely.
9.Whatcanyousayabouttheirmother’strain?
A.Itwouldprobablybeearly.
B.Itwouldprobablybeontime.
C.Itwouldprobablybelate.
D.Ithadbeencancelled.
Question10(Suggestedcompletiontime:
5minutes)
Directions:
Thebarchartshowsthenumberandproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregions,from1990?
1992to2014?
2016.Answerthequestionaccordingtotheinformationinthechart.
Source:
TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals(MDG)Report2015
10.ChoosetheINCORRECTdescriptionaboutthechart.
A.Currentestimatessuggestthatnearlyoneinnineindividualsdonothaveenoughtoeat
between2014and2016.
B.Projectionsindicatethatthe2015MDGtargetisnearlyreached,withpercentofundernourishedpopulation.
C.Thesituationnoticeablyimprovedduringtheyears1995-1999,butwentdowninthefirstfiveyearsofthenewmillennium.
D.Theproportionofundernourishedpeopleinthedevelopingregionshasfallenbyalmosthalfsince1990.
PartIIReadandReason
InPartII,youwillreadshorttextsondifferentsubjects.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonlogicalinferenceandreasoning.(Timeallowed:
38minutes)
Question11-12(Suggestedcompletiontime:
10minutes)
Directions:
Readthedefinitionsoftwotypesoflogicalfallacy.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothedefinitions.
PoisoningtheWell
Poisoningthewellisarhetoricaltechniqueandlogicalfallacywhereadverseinformationaboutatargetispreemptivelypresentedtoan,withtheintention
ofdiscreditingorridiculingeverythingthatthetargetpersonisabouttosay.Itusestheofnegativetodistractasubjectfromactualinanargument.
11.Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofpoisoningthewell?
A.That’mysstanceonfundingtheeducationsystem,andanyonewhodisagreeswithmehateschildren.
B.Youaresoweird.Thatmeans—weareprettymuchsure—thatyourwholefamilyisweird,too.
C.GodexistsbecausetheBiblesaysso.TheBibleisinspired.Therefore,weknowthatGodexists.
D.Idon’tcarewhatyousay.Wedon’tneedanymorebooks.Ashelvelongasthecarpetis
clean,wearefine.
FalseDilemma
Afalsedilemmaariseswhenweallowourselvestobeconvincedthatwehavetochoosebetweentwoandonlytwomutuallyexclusiveoptions,whenthatisuntrue.Generally,whenthisrhetoricalstrategyisused,oneoftheoptionsisunacceptableandrepulsive,whiletheotheristheonethemanipulatorwants
ustochoose.Whoeversuccumbstothistraphasthusmadeachoicethatisforced,andassuch,oflittlevalue.
12.Whichofthefollowingprovidesatypicalexampleofafalsedilemma?
A.Smokingisharmfultohealth,soyouaresupposedtoquitsmoking.
B.Ifthegovernmentdoesn’treducepublicspending,oureconomywillcollapse.
C.Youmayaswellavoidovereating,orelseyoumightbeobeseinnotime.
D.Youaretheworstoftheclassmates;therefore,whatyousayisincredible.
Questions13(Suggestedcompletiontime:
4minutes)
Directions:
Readthepassageaboutsyllogism.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofsyllogism.
Syllogismisakindoflogicalargumentthatappliesdeductivereasoningtoarriveataconclusion
basedontwoormorepropositionsthatareassertedorassumedtobetrue.Itisperhapstoday’smostcommonlyacceptedformoflogicalreasoninginaptitudetests.Themostcommonlyused
typeofsyllogismsiselucidatedinafrequentlyusedexample:
Premise1:
Allmenaremortal.
Premise2:
Socratesisaman.
Conclusion:
Socratesismortal.
NowpracticesyllogismsforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogicalreasoning
anddoesn’tnecessarilyrepresentthe“.truth”always
13.Valid();Invalid()
Premise1:
Allhumanactionisconditionedbycircumstances.
Premise2:
Allhumanactioninvolvesmorality.
Conclusion:
Allthatinvolvesmoralityisconditionedbycircumstances.
Questions14(Suggestedcompletiontime:
4minutes)
Directions:
Readthepassageaboutcontraposition.DecidewhetherthereasoningsareValidorInvalidbasedontheprinciplesofcontraposition.
In,contrapositionisalawthatsaysthataistoitscontrapositive.Thecontrapositiveofthestatementhasitsantecedentandconsequentand.Themostcommonlyusedtypeofcontrapositioniselucidatedinthefollowingexample:
Premise1:
Ifitisraining,thentherearecloudsinthesky.
Premise2:
Therearenocloudsinthesky.
Conclusion:
Itisnotraining.
NowpracticecontrapositionforIQtests.Pleasenotethattheconclusionisbasedonlogical
reasoninganddoesn’tnecessarilyrepresentthe“truth”always.
14.Valid();Invalid()
Premise1:
IfheisnotanAmerican,heisnotfromTexas.
Premise2:
HeisfromTexas.
Conclusion:
HeisanAmerican.
Questions15-17(Suggestedcompletiontime:
6minutes)
Directions:
Readthetextaboutasciencediscovery.Answerthequestionsaccordingtothetext.
ManipulatingMemory
Memoryisnotoriouslymalleable.Ourrecollectionsfadeandtakeonnewmeanings;sometimeswerememberthingsthatnevereven
happened.But15.
Recently,however,scientistshavestartedtograspandtinkerwith
memory’physicalbasis.Lastyear,inworkevocativeoffilmssuchasEternalSunshineofthe
SpotlessMindandInception,researchersdiscoveredwaystomanipulatespecificmemoriesin
miceusingoptogenetics,apowerfultechniquethatcantriggernervecellsinanimals
’
br
zappingthemwithbeamsoflaserlight.Inaseriesofexperiments,theyshowedthattheycould
deleteexistingmemoriesand“incept”falseones.
Thisyear,researcherswentevenfurther:
switchingtheemotiona