HND采购.docx

HND采购.docx

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Reportoninternationalpurchasing

Name:

TianlinZhou

Candidatenumber:

20135730

Date30.10.2015

contents

1.0Introduction 3

2.0outcomel 3

2.1Effectofinternationalbusinessenvironment 3

2.2ExplainIPDincreasebusinesscompetitiveness 4

2.3Understandingofinternationalqualitystandards 4

2.4Theimpactoftechnologyonoverseaspurchasingdecisions 5

2.5Internationalprocurementstrategy 5

3.0oucome2 6

3.1howculture,languageaffectoverseaspurchasing 6

3.2thefactorsaffectingforeignexchangerates 7

3.3howcurrencyexchangefinancialrisk 7

3.4theeffectofcounter-tradeonoverseassourcing 8

3.5thebenefitsofforwardbuyingtothecompany 8

3.6IPDachievecontinuityandsecurity 9

4.0outcome3 9

4.1thestrategicroleoftheIPDinreducingcosts 9

4.2theobjectivesoftheIPD 10

4.3thecompany’sinternationalpurchasingcycle 10

4.4relationshipsbetweenPurchasinganddepartments 11

4.5thecontributionoftheIPDappraisal 11

4.6.theneedforpaymentdocumentation 11

4.7theimpactofIncoterms 12

5.0outcome4 12

5.1describetheintemationaldistributionchannels 12

5.2evahiatetheroleoffreightforwarders 13

5.3evahiatethecontributionofITCtointegrating 14

5.4transportmodestominimisefreightcosts 15

6.0conclusion 16

7.0reference 17

1.0Introduction

Thisreportisaboutthegeneralmotors.Thegeneralmotorsisainternationalcarcompany,thereintheinternationalautomarkethasacertainmarketshare,theyhopetoincreasetheirmarketsharethroughthenewinternationalstrategyandinternationalprocurementsystem.GeneralMotorsCorporationisoneoftheearliestcompaniesintheUnitedStatestoimplementthejoint-stockandexpertgroupmanagement,inparticularattentiontothequalitycontrolandtheuseofnewtechnology,andthusitsproductsarealwaysintheheartsofusers.Withthebreakthroughinbattery,electricvehicleandpowercontrol,GeneralMotorscontinuestoexpanditsleadingpositionintheelectricvehicle.

2.0outcomel

2.1Effectofinternationalbusinessenvironment

Theinternationalpurchasingdepartmentperformsmanyinternationalactivitiestoensureitdeliversmaximumvaluetotheorganization.Internationalbusinessenvironmentincludevariousrespectlikelegalsystemandpoliticalsystem.ThesewillmaketheIPDbecomemoreandmoredifficult.

Ontheonehand,thechangebroughtaboutbytherapiddevelopmentofe-commerceprocurementmethods,byofflinepurchaseintoonlinepurchase,fromforinventorypurchaseordersprocurementinto,byinternalpurchasingmanagementtoexternalresources,bydecentralizedprocurementintocentralizedprocurement,fromthetraditionalpurchasingintoajust-in-timepurchasing.Ontheotherhand,attachesgreatimportancetothesupplier'sconsciousnessofenvironmentprotection,resourceutilization,focusonsustainabilityoftheprocurementofgoodsorservices,andconstantlyimprovethelogisticsactivityofenvironmentalprotectionandresourceutilizationdegree.eg,GEpurchasingdepartmentneedstoincreasethecompany'selectronicprocurementsystemtoincreasethevariouscountriestoincreasethenewpolicytoensurethatthecompany'sprocurementplanwillnotbeunderstoodandREdevelopment,toavoidunnecessarytimecosts.

2.2ExplainIPDincreasebusinesscompetitiveness.

Byfindingsuitablesuppliersthatwillallowthecompanytoincreasecompetitivenessthroughlowerprice,improveddeliveriesandbetterqualitySupplierselectionstrategyisanimportantfunctionofenterprisestrategy.Eachfunctionalstrategyshouldbeconsistentwiththeenterprisecompetitionstrategy.What’smore,buildinginformationsystemforenterpriseoperationmodeinordertodealwithfromoutsidethefunctionsofthepurchasingandsupplyinformationflows,andtoproduceforpurchasingdepartmentofotherfunctionaldepartmentsandinstitutionsrequiredforinformationflow,andthenimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofprocurementwork.Atthesametime,astheaspectsofcommunicationandcontactbetweenenterprisesandsupplierstoimprovethefastandsmoothchannels.Establishingagoodsystemofprocurement.Purchasingmanagementofthemainsystemhavepurchasingleadershipsystem,theeconomicresponsibilitysystem,supervisionsystemandthesystemofdemocraticmanagement.eg,GeneralCompanycanthroughthepurchaseplanforthesameindustry,tofindtheproductrequirements,whilethehigherqualityandreasonablepriceofthepurchaseproducts,improveproductcompetitiveness,improvemarketshare.

2.3Lnderstandingofinternationalqualitystandards

TheimplementationofISO9001standardsisconducivetoimprovingthequalityofproducts,toprotecttheinterestsofconsumers,improvethecredibilityoftheproduct.Thequalitymanagementsystemprovidesaframeworkforcontinuousimprovement,increasingcustomer（consumer）andotherrelevantpartiestotheextentofsatisfaction.Therefore,theISO9001standardprovidesaneffectivemethodtoimprovetheenterprise'smanagementabilityandenhancethemarketcompetitionability.Customer'sneedsandexpectationsareconstantlychanging,whichmakestheenterprisetocontinuetoimprovetheproductandprocess.Thequalitymanagementsystemrequirementsfortheenterprisetoimprovetheproductandprocessprovidesaneffectiveway.ImplementISO9001standardtoeliminatetechnicalbarriers,eliminatetradebarriersplayedaverypositiverole.egIftheGeneralCompanyusetheinternationalqualitystandardstomanufacturecars,productioncarscanbesoldinmostcountriesaroundtheworld,increasethecompetitivenessofproducts,reducethetradebarrierscausedbythequalitystandards,thecarsaleshaveaverypositiverole.

2.4Theimpactoftechnologyonoverseaspurchasingdecisions

ThedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyhasagreatpositiveeffectonoverseaspurchasingdecisionTheuseofelectronicsystemscanquicklyintegratetheproductinformationofallpartsoftheworld.Fastercontrastwiththeindustry'sproductpricesandproductpricesaroundthecompany,moreefficienttofindtheproductlinewiththecompany’sprocurementplanReducelaborcosts,businessdocumentprocessingisaccurate,canreducetheoccurrenceofredoorders,inventoryandordercancellationShortenorderprocessing,deliverytime,helpenterprisestoreduceinventory.Inventorycanbereducedbyanaverageofabout10%.egIftheGeneralCompanyusestheEDIsystem,thecostisonly1/3ofthetraditionalpaperfilemode,andtheprocessingtimeoftheinvoiceisless,andthereductionofthecarontheorderduetotheweightofthemanual,thesingleissueoftheleakage.

2.5Internationalprocurementstrategy

Strategicdecisionsaredifferentfromadministrativeandoperationaldecisions.Administrativedecisionsareroutinedecisionswhichhelporratherfacilitatestrategicdecisionsoroperationaldecisions.Operationaldecisionsaretechnicaldecisionswhichhelpexecutionofstrategicdecisions.ToreducecostisastrategicdecisionwhichisachievedthroughoperationaldecisionofreducingthenumberofemployeesandhowwecarryoutthesereductionswillbeadministrativedecisionStrategicdecisionsareatthetopmostlevel,areuncertainastheydealwiththefuture,andinvolvealotofrisk.egToreducetheriskoftheirstrategicdecisions,thecompany’stopdecision-makingteamneedstohaveahighunderstandingoftheprocurementstrategy,theneedtostrengthentheknowledgeinthisarea.Relevantstaffmembersneedtounderstandtheimplementationstepsofstrategicdecision-making,betterwiththecompany'sstrategicoperations.

Materialprocurementprocess

3.0oucomel

3.1howculture,languageaffectoverseaspurchasing

Thedifferentculturesofdifferentcountrieshavedifferentinfluenceonthebehaviorofthepeopleofdifferentcountries.Cultureandcommunicationarebothlanguageasthecarrier,throughdifferentnationsofthelanguagewearenoteasytofind:

thevaluesofdifferentnations,whetherthereisthesamecustoms,religiousbeliefs,nationalsystems,etc..Theseculturalfactorsmayexistinarestrictedlanguageorlanguagecommunication,whichcanshowtheso-called"languagecommunicationculture".Languagehasplayedanirreplaceableroleinbusinessnegotiation.Thefailureofmostoftheforeignbusinessnegotiationsisrelatedtothemisunderstandingincommunication.Forexample,iftheGeneralCompanyintheMuslimcountriesofstrategicdevelopment,eatingporkanddrinking,willgivetheMuslimnegotiatorsabadimpression,soastobringasubjectivesenseofbusinessnegotiations.

3.2thefactorsaffectingforeignexchangerates

1.interestrate.Thedifferenceofthelevelofinterestratesindifferentcountriescandirectlyaffecttheinternationalshort-termcapitalflows,andtheexchangerateoftheexchangeratehasacertainadjustmentfunction.Acountrytoraiseinterestrates,canpromotetheinflowofforeigncapital,resultinginanincreaseinthedemandforthecountry’scurrency,theexchangeratewillrise;conversely,interestrateslower,resultingincapitaloutflows,exchangeratemayfall.Itshouldbenotedthatthedifferenceininterestratesismainlytoseethedifferencebetweentheactualinterestrates.

2marketexpectations.Aconsiderableroleinthechangeofpsychologicalfactorsontheexchangeratemarketexpectations,duetooptimisticaboutthepeopleofacountry’seconomicstatus,balanceofpaymentssituation,inflation,interestrateoutlook,itwillcausethecountrywithalotofmoneyinbuying,resultingintheriseintheexchangerate;otherwisebearish,exchangeratewillfall.

3macroeconomicpoliciesofthecountry.Macroeconomicpolicies,especiallyfiscalandmonetarypolic