软件工程复习.docx

软件工程复习.docx

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软件工程复习

《软件工程（双语）》复习范围

1.AbouttheMVC（Model-View-Controller）pattern,whichoneoffollowingstatementsisnotright?

P155

1Separatespresentationandinteractionfromthesystemdata.

2Thesystemisstructuredintothreelogicalcomponentsthatinteractwitheachother.TheModelcomponentmanagesthesystemdataandassociatedoperationsonthatdata..

3TheModelcomponentdefinesandmanageshowthedataispresentedtotheuser..

4TheControllercomponentmanagesuserinteraction（e.g.,keypresses,mouseclicks,etc.）andpassestheseinteractionstotheViewandtheModel..

2.Thestatisticaldatashowthatthedistributionofmaintenanceeffortiscloseto?

P244

1Faultrepair65%,Softwareadaptation18%,Functionadditionormodification17%.

2Faultrepair17%,Softwareadaptation18%,Functionadditionormodification65%.

3Faultrepair17%,Softwareadaptation65%,Functionadditionormodification18%.

4Faultrepair40%,Softwareadaptation40%,Functionadditionormodification20%.

3.WhichstatementisawrongstatementforWaterfallModel?

p32

1Inflexiblepartitioningoftheprojectintodistinctstages

2Thismodelisonlyappropriatewhentherequirementsarepoorlyunderstood

3Thismodelisdifficulttorespondtochangingcustomerrequirements

4Thismodelisappropriatewhentherequirementsarewell-understood.

4.Whichoneoffollowingstatementsisnotinthecompletetestcoverageofaclass?

p211

1Testingalloperationsassociatedwithanobject

2Settingandinterrogatingallobjectattributes

3Exercisingtheobjectinallpossiblestates

4Testingallthepossibleobjects

5.Whenwehavelittleexperiencesaboutaproject,thatistosayweknowlittlerequirementsandarenotfamilywithhowtodevelopit.Whichmodelshouldbeadopted?

8p68

1Formalsystemsdevelopment.

2Waterfallmodel.

3Exploratorydevelopment

4Reuse-orienteddevelopment.

2.CommonlyusedtechniquesofobjectidentificationinOOanalysisanddesigndonotinclude_______:

p183

1Useagrammaticalapproachbasedonanaturallanguagedescriptionofthesystem.

2Basetheidentificationontangiblethingsintheapplicationdomain.

3Useabehavioralapproachandidentifyobjectsbasedonwhatparticipatesinwhatbehavior.

4Usedataflowdiagram..

3.SeveraltechniquesofRequirementsdiscoveryarecoveredinthisbook.Whichoneisnotthecase?

1Model-drivenengineering

2Scenarios

3Interviewing

4Ethnography

4.Whichoneoffollowingstatementsisnotinthecompletetestcoverageofaclass?

1Testingalloperationsassociatedwithanobject

2Settingandinterrogatingallobjectattributes

3Exercisingtheobjectinallpossiblestates

4Testingallthepossibleobjects

5.Softwareisnotjustthebutalsoallassociated.

1programs,documentationandconfigurationdata

2documentation,configurationdata

3programs,configurationdata

4programs,tools

Part2Marktherightstatement√,thewrongstatement×（1*15=15）

1.Inthesoftwarearchitecturedesign,usinglarge-graincomponentsimprovesperformanceandmaintainability.（error.Reducemaintainability/fine-grain）

2.Re-engineeringisenhancingthefunctionalityandperformanceofthesystem.（error）

3.Thegoalofprogramtestingistoshowtheprogramisfreeofdefects.（error.p206）

Testingisintendedtoshowthataprogramdoeswhatitisintendedtodoandtodis-coverprogramdefectsbeforeitisputintouse.

4.Oneofthekeychallengesfacingsoftwareengineeringissoftwareheterogeneity.（p27）

Apartfromthechallengesofheterogeneity,businessandsocialchange,andtrustand

security,identifyotherproblemsandchallengesthatsoftwareengineeringislikelytofacein

the21stcentury（Hint:

thinkabouttheenvironment）.

5.Asoftwareprocessmodelisanabstractrepresentationofaprocess.Itpresentsadescriptionofaprocessfromallperspective.（error.p29）

AsIexplainedinChapter1,asoftwareprocessmodelisasimplifiedrepresentation

ofasoftwareprocess.Eachprocessmodelrepresentsaprocessfromaparticularper-spective,andthusprovidesonlypartialinformationaboutthatprocess.

6.Model-drivenengineeringisstillatanearlystageofdevelopment,anditisquiteclearitwillhaveasignificanteffectonsoftwareengineeringpractice.（error）

7.Anarchitecturalpatternisastylizeddescriptionofgooddesignpractice,whichhasbeentriedandtestedindifferentenvironments.（p156）

Youcanthinkofanarchitecturalpatternasastylized,abstractdescriptionofgood

practice,whichhasbeentriedandtestedindifferentsystemsandenvironments.

8.AccordingLehmanandBelady's‘laws’,overaprogram’slifetime,itsrateofdevelopmentisapproximatelyconstantandindependentoftheresourcesdevotedtosystemdevelopment.（p241）

Overaprogram’slifetime,itsrateofdevelopmentisapproximatelyconstant

andindependentoftheresourcesdevotedtosystemdevelopment.

Part3Filltheblankets:

（1*15=15）

1.Riskmanagementisconcernedwithidentifyingriskswhichmayaffecttheproject,theremaybeseveralkindsofrisks,includingtechnologyrisks,peoplerisks,organizationalrisks,toolsrisks.（requirementsrisks）

2.GeneralissuesthataffectmostsoftwareareHeterogeneity,Businessandsocialchange,Securityandtrust.

3.Astructuredsetofactivitiesrequiredtodevelopasoftwaresystem,whicharespecification,development,validation,evolution.

4.Commonactivitiesinobject-orienteddesignprocessesincludeDefinethecontextmodelsofthesystem;Designthesystemarchitecture;Identifytheprincipalsystemobjects;Developdesignmodels;Specifyobjectinterfaces.

5.GenericprocessmodelsareWaterfallmodel,Incrementaldevelopment,Reuse-orientedsoftwareengineering

6.ThestagesofdevelopmenttestingareUnittesting,Componenttesting,Systemtesting.

7.Exploratorydevelopment，Throw-awayprototypingaretwokindmodelsofevolutionarymodel.

8.Accordingtoitsfunction,Requirementcanbeclassifiedasfunctionrequirement,process,integrationunits.

9.SoftwarepricingestimationtechniquesincludeAlgorithmiccostmodelling，ExpertjudgementParkinson'sLaw,Estimationbyanalogy（Pricingtowin）

10.TheattributesofgoodsoftwareareMaintainability,Dependability,Efficiency,Usability.

Part4Answerthefollowingquestionsinbrief.（5*5=25）

1.Whichapproachestoobjectclassidentificationareintroducedinthisbook?

1.Useagrammaticalapproachbasedonanaturallanguagedescriptionofthesystem.;

2.Basetheidentificationontangiblethingsintheapplicationdomain.;

3.Useabehaviouralapproachandidentifyobjectsbasedonwhatparticipatesinwhatbehaviour.;

4.Useascenario-basedanalysis.Theobjects,attributesandmethodsineachscenarioareidentified.

WhatisBetatesting?

Answer:

Areleaseofthesoftwareismadeavailabletouserstoallowthemtoexperimentandto

raiseproblemsthattheydiscoverwiththesystemdevelopers

2.WhatisPathtesting？

Answer:

Theobjectiveofpathtestingistoensurethatthesetoftestcasesissuchthateachpath

throughtheprogramisexecutedatleastonce.

3.Whatisarchitecturalpatterns?

1.Patternsareameansofrepresenting,sharingandreusingknowledge.

2.Anarchitecturalpatternisastylizeddescriptionofgooddesignpractice,whichhasbeentriedandtestedindifferentenvironments.

3.Patternsshouldincludeinformationaboutwhentheyareusefulandwhentheyarenotuseful.

4.Patternsmayberepresentedusingtabularandgraphicaldescriptions.

4.Whysoftwareengineeringisborn?

Answer:

Becauseofsoftwarecrisisinthe1960’s,maincharacteristicsare:

lowqualityofsoftware,highcostsofsoftware,slowdeliveryofsoftware.SoftwareengineeringisfirstproposedataNATOmeetingin1968.

Whatisthedifferencebetweensoftwareengineeringandcomputerscience?

Answer:

Computerscienceisconcernedwiththeoryandfundamentals;

softwareengineeringisconcernedwiththepracticalitiesofdevelopinganddelivering

usefulsoftware.

Pleaseanswerthestagesofwaterfallmodel,anditsadvantagesanddisadvantages.

1.Requirementsanalysisanddefinition

2.Systemandsoftwaredesign

3.Implementationandunittesting

4.Integrationandsystemtesting

5.Operationandmaintenance

5.Whatarethetwotypesofsoftwareprototypingandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofsoftwareprototyping？

Answer:

twotypes:

ExploratorydevelopmentandThrow-awayprototyping.

Advantages:

1.Improvedsystemusability

2.Closermatchtothesystemneeded

3.Improveddesignquality

4.Improvedmaintainability

5.Reducedoveralldevelopmenteffort

Disadvantages:

1.Lackofprocessvisibility（过程不可见）

2.Systemsareoftenpoorlystructured（系统结构不好）

3.Specialskills（e.g.inlanguagesforrapidprototyping）mayberequired（需要一些技巧）

6.Whatarethefivetypesofinteractionstylesinuserinterfacedesign?

Answers:

1.Directmanipulation直接操作

2.Menuselection菜单选择

3.Formfill-in表格填写

4.Commandlanguage命令语言

5.Naturallanguage自然语言

7.Pleaseanswerthetwomethodsoftestingandserialstagesoftesting.

Answers:

twotypes:

white-boxtestingandblack-boxtesting.

serialstagesoftesting:

unittesting,integrationtesting.

Part5Solvethefollowingproblems（30）

1.UsingtheUMLgraphicalnotationforobjectclasses,designthefollowingobjectclasses,identifyingattributesandoperations.Useyourownexperiencetodecideontheattributesandoperationsthatshouldbeassociatedwiththeseobjects.

•atelephone

•aprinterforapersonalcomputer

•apersonalstereosystem

•abankaccount

•alibrarycatalogue

2.Designasetoftestdatatoaccomplishthepathtestingaboutthefollowingprogram（F