生物学专业英语词汇.docx

生物学专业英语词汇.docx

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生物学专业英语词汇

Botany植物学

Celltheory细胞学说cellmembrane细胞膜nucleus细胞核

Organelle细胞器cellwall细胞壁cytoplasm细胞质protoplast原生质体cellcycle细胞周期mitochondrion线粒体photosynthesis光合作用unitmembrane单位膜chloroplast叶绿体chlorophyll叶绿素xanthophyll叶黄素carotene胡萝卜素golgiosome高尔基体ribosome核糖体lysosome溶酶体microfilament微丝nuclearfission核分裂reproduction繁殖primarywall初生壁secondarywall次生壁plasmodesma胞间连丝mitosis有丝分裂amitosis无丝分裂meiosis减数分裂cytokinesis胞质分裂interphase间期prophase前期metaphase中期anaphase后期telophase末期tissue组织pistil雌蕊stamen雄蕊ovary子房pollination传粉pollentube花粉管

porogamy珠孔受精chalazogamy合点受精mesogamy中部受精apomixis无融合生殖apogamy无配子生殖patrogenesis孤雄生殖parthenogensis孤雌生殖apospory无孢子生殖pericarp果皮

lifehistory生活史rootsystem根系mainroot主根lateralroot侧根taprootsystem直根系fibrousrootsystem须根系cortex皮层vascularcylinder维管柱pericycle中柱鞘xylemray木射线vascularray维管射线phloemray韧皮射线rootcap根冠Casparianstrip凯氏带primaryxylem初生木质部primaryphloem初生韧皮部vascularray维管射线xylemray木射线phelloderm栓内层phloemray韧皮射线embryo胚

homologousorgan同源器官analogousorgan同功器官endosperm胚乳seedcoat种皮radicle胚根plumule胚芽hypocotyl下胚轴cotyledon子叶dormancy休眠seedgermination种子萌发eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物algae藻类blue-greenalgae蓝藻trichogyne受精丝

mucopolysaccharide黏多糖gelatinoussheath胶质鞘exospore外生孢子heterosexualcell异性细胞greenalgae绿藻isogamy同配生殖anisogamy异配生殖anisogamy卵式生殖zygogamy接合生殖haploid单倍体diploid二倍体polyploid多倍体

carposporophyte孢子体brownalgae褐藻sea-tangle海带agar琼脂fungi菌类parasitism寄生saprophytic腐生的lichen地衣archegonium颈卵器antheridium精子器antiphyte孢子体gametophyte配子体protonema原丝体bryophyta苔藓植物cruciferae十字花科

vascularplants微管植物aquaticplant水生植物salicaceae杨柳科angiosperm被子植物endoplasmicreticulum内质网vegetativereproduction营养繁殖intercellularlayer胞间层

phellogen&corkcambium木栓形成层asexualreproduction无性繁殖sexualpropagation有性繁殖tetradynamousstamen四强雄蕊didynamousstamen二强雄蕊monodelphousstamen单体雄蕊diadelphousstamen二体雄蕊triadelphousstamen三体雄蕊polyadelphousstamens多体雄蕊synantherousstamen聚药雄蕊

primarywallcells初生壁细胞vegetativecell营养细胞

malesterility雄性不育filiformapparatus丝状器meristemzone分生区elongationzone伸长区maturationzone成熟区embryophyte有胚植物

specificparasitism专性寄生specificsaprophyte专性腐生

facultativeparasitism兼性寄生facultativesaprophyte兼性腐生

sexualgeneration有性世代asexualgeneration无性世代

Zoology动物学

cell细胞prokaryoticcell原核细胞eukaryoticcell真核细胞

protein蛋白质nucleicacid核酸carbohydrate糖

lipid脂质protoplasm原生质inclusion内含物

cellcycle细胞周期pulmonaryalveolus肺泡flagellum鞭毛foodvacuole食物泡pinocytosis胞饮作用fission裂体生殖microgamete小配子zygote合子microtubule微管contractionsilk收缩丝merogenesis卵裂blastocoele囊胚腔completecleavage完全卵裂layering分层cynapse突触myoneme肌丝myocyte肌细胞mesoglea中胶层monoecism雌雄同体dioecism雌雄异体velum缘膜radialsymmetry辐射对称nervenet神经网planula浮浪幼虫bilateralsymmetry两侧对称mesoderm中胚层tubulecell管细胞osmoregulation渗透调节acetabulum腹吸盘oralsucker口吸盘metacercaria囊蚴pseudocoel假体腔cuticle角质膜

cloacalpore泄殖孔renette腺肾细emunctory排泄管restingegg休眠卵metamere体节metamerism分节现象senseorgan感觉器periostracum壳皮层prismaticlayer壳层nacreouslayer珍珠层veliger面盘幼虫glochidium钩介幼虫adductor闭壳肌segmentation异律分节linearanimal线形动物pericardialcavity围心腔cervicalvertebra颈椎sacralvertebra荐椎pulmonaryvein肺静脉precavalvein前腔静脉bladder气囊

middleear中耳tympanumcavity中耳腔amnion羊膜

neopallium新皮层lagena瓶状囊wishbone叉骨postcavalvein后腔静脉glandularstomach腺胃airsac气囊

saltgland盐腺scleroticring巩膜骨viviparity胎生

placenta胎盘allantois尿囊rumen瘤胃

bursaoffabricius腔上囊masticatorystomach肌胃reticulum网胃

omasum瓣胃abomasum皱胃cochlea耳蜗

earthworm蚯蚓internalnaris内鼻孔amniota羊膜动物

arthropod节肢动物coelenterate腔肠动物annelid环节动物

cellmembrane&plasmamembrane细胞膜epithelialtissue上皮组织connectivetissue结缔组织cartilagetissue软骨组织

osseoustissue骨组织musculartissue肌肉组织

cardiacmuscle心肌intercalateddisc闰盘

Nissl'sbody尼氏小体colony&group群体

meroblasticcleavage不完全卵裂colonialtheory群体说

gastrovascularcavity消化循环腔musclesystem肌肉体系excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统

digestivesystem消化系统archinephricduct原肾管

basallamina&basalmembrane基膜cross-fertilization异体受精self-fertilization自体受精finalhost终寄主

firstintermidatehost第一中间寄主semicircularcanal半规管

secondintermediatehost第二中间寄主

Genetics遗传学

heredity遗传variation变异gene基因pisumsativum豌豆segregation分离gamete生殖细胞

zygote合子allele等位基因genotype基因型phenotype表现型testcross测交oryzasativa水稻

diploid二倍体haploid单倍体centromere着丝粒

satellite随体linker连丝mitosis有丝分裂

mesoblast中胚层spindle纺锤体interphase间期

spindlefiber纺锤丝viciafaba蚕豆nucleoplasm核质

spermatogenous精原细胞oogonium卵原细胞spermatid精细胞

Phenocopy拟表型epistasis上位效应mutant突变型

gameticlethal配子致死zygoticlethal合子致死autosome常染色体

dominantlethal显性致死carrier携带者homozygote纯合体heterozygote杂合体genotype基因型phenotype表现型

linkagegroup连锁群interference干涉coincidence并发率geneticmap遗传学图wildtype野生型mutation突变heterokaryon异核体auxotroph营养缺陷型strain菌株

recipient受体donor供体fragment片段induction诱导prophage原噬菌体transduction转导

Mendel’slaws孟德尔定律lawofsegregation分离定律

firstfilialgeneration子一代parentalgeneration亲代

dominantcharacter显性性状recessivecharacter隐性性状

hereditarydeterminant遗传因子parentalcombination亲组合recombination重组合punnettsquare棋盘法

Mendeliancharacter孟德尔性状primaryconstriction初级缢痕

secondaryconstriction次级缢痕nucleolarorganizer核仁形成区

firstpolarbody第一极体secondpolarbody第二极体

sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体femalegameticnucleus卵核

multiplealleles复等位基因sex-chromosome性染色体

sex-linkedinheritance伴性遗传primaryconstriction初级缢痕

secondaryconstriction次级缢痕complementarygene互补基因

homologouschromosome同源染色体sisterchromatids姐妹染色单体

secondaryoocyte次级卵母细胞three-pointtestcross三点测交

primaryspermatocyte初级精母细胞

secondaryspermatocyte次级精母细胞

firstdivisionsegregation第一次分裂分离

seconddivisionsegregation第二次分裂分离

lawofindependentassortment自由组合定律

Biochemistry生物化学

essentialelement必需元素traceelements微量元素proteoglycan蛋白聚糖aminoacid氨基酸primarystructure一级结构randomcoil无规卷曲structuraldomain结构域subunit亚基degeneration变性adenine腺嘌呤guanine鸟嘌呤cytosine胞嘧啶thymine胸腺嘧啶uracil尿嘧啶nucleoside核苷nucleotide核苷酸basepairing碱基配对basepair碱基对数

base碱基数gyrase旋转酶nucleosome核小体

complementaryDNA互补DNAplasmid质粒transposons转座子repetitivesequence重复序列exon外显子intron内含子

variableloop可变环ribonuclease核糖核酸酶renaturation复性

hyperchromiceffect增色效应basestackingforce碱基堆积力annealing退火

melting-outtemperature熔解温度hypochromiceffect减色效应maltose麦芽糖

sucrose蔗糖lactose乳糖starch淀粉

glycogen糖原cellulose纤维素cellulase纤维素酶selectivity选择性substrate底物holoenzyme全酶cofactor辅因子coenzyme辅酶oxidase氧化酶metabolism新陈代谢assimilation同化作用catabolism异化作用

metabolite代谢产物biologicaloxidation生物氧化cytochrome细胞色素rotenone鱼藤酮amytal阿密妥antimycinA抗霉素A

cyanide氰化物glycolysis糖酵解ethanol乙醇

citrate柠檬酸cis-aconitate顺乌头酸succinicacid琥珀酸oxaloaceticacid草酰乙酸acetyl-coenzyme乙酰辅酶fumarate延胡索酸glyoxylatecycle乙醛酸循环malate苹果酸fattyacid脂肪酸

carbonunit一碳单位replicon复制子coreenzyme核心酶primosome引发体Okazakifragment冈崎片段leadingchain前导链laggingstrand后随链terminator终止子telomere端粒telomerase端粒酶replicationfork复制叉vector载体

promoter启动子terminator终止子operon操纵子

codon密码子degeneracy简并性hormone激素

citricacidcycle柠檬酸循环deamination脱氨基作用ureacycle尿素循环

euchromatin常染色质messengerRNA信使RNA

transferRNA转移RNAribosomeRNA核糖体RNA

metabolicregulation代谢调节feedbackregulation反馈调节structuralgene结构基因promotergene启动基因

operatorgene操纵基因regulatorgene调节基因

terminationfactor终止因子tripletcode三联体密码

initiatorcodon起始密码terminationcodon终止密码semiconservativereplication半保留复制ornithinecycle鸟氨酸循环

ketogenicaminoacid生酮氨基酸glucogenicaminoacid生糖氨基酸

oxidativedeamination氧化脱氨作用transamination转氨基作用

reversetranscription逆转录decarboxylation脱羧作用

semidiscontinuousreplication半不连续复制reversetranscriptase逆转录酶

missensemutation错义突变synonymousmutation同义突变

neutralmutation中性突变nonsensemutation无义突变

phosphatidicacid磷脂酸essentialaminoacids必需氨基酸

dihydrouracilloop二氢尿嘧啶环anticodonloop反密码子环

double-strandcircularDNA双链环形DNAsuperhelicalDNA超螺旋DNA

opencircularDNA开环DNAlinearDNA线形DNA

basestackingforce碱基堆积力secondarystructure二级结构super-secondarystructure超二级结构tertiarystructure三级结构quaternarystructure四级结构negativesupercoilDNA负超螺旋DNA

positivesupercoilDNA正超螺旋DNA

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate甘油醛-3-二磷酸

glucogenicandketogenicaminoacid生糖兼生酮氨基酸

restrictionendonuclease限制性内切酶

polymerasechainreaction聚合酶链反应

Microbiology微生物学

livingcreatures生物culturemedium培养基lawn菌苔

cultureplate培养平板bacteria细菌archaea古生菌eukaryote真核生物prokaryote原核生物protozoan原生动物

hypha菌丝mycoplasma支原体yeast酵母菌plasmolysis质壁分离EscherichiaColi大肠杆菌murein胞壁质peptidoglycan肽聚糖mucopeptide黏肽outermembrane外膜chromosome染色体nucleolus核仁nucleoid拟核

chromatin染色质centromere着丝粒telomere端粒protoplast原生质体mycoplasma支原体glycoprotein糖蛋白

mesosome间体cytoplasm细胞质megnetosome磁小体nucleoid拟核glycocalyx糖被capsule荚膜

flagellum鞭毛lysosome溶酶体chloroplast叶绿体thylakoid类囊体inorganicsalt无机盐peptone蛋白胨

sulfurbacteria硫细菌beefextract牛肉膏vitamin维生素inclusionbody内含物lithotroph无机营养型medium培养基

agar琼脂organotroph有机营养型antiport逆向运输

activetransport主动运输pinocytosis胞饮作用catabolism分解代谢passivetransport被动运输uniport单向运输anabolism合成代谢fermentation发酵batchculture分批培养logphase对数生长期

stationaryphase稳定生长期lagphase迟缓期declinephase衰亡期

aerobe好氧菌antibiotic抗生素antigenome反基因组

transformation转化genome基因组plasmid质粒transformingfactor转化因子diploid二倍体haploid单倍体

transposableelement转座因子conjugation接合作用transposon转座子phenotype表型ge