考研英语一真题及答案Word下载.docx

考研英语一真题及答案Word下载.docx

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Another_12_Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation._13_evenindensefores,youshouldbeableto_14_gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andotherpathspeoplecarve_15_thewoods.Headtowardthese_16_tofindawayout.Atmightcanthehorizonfor_17_lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglowoflightpollution.

_18_,assumingyou'

relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe_19_weleaveontheIandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan_20_youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]AII

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3.[A]Since[B]lf[C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

10.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"

clawback"

ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Shortermism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasvorsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.saystheBankofEngland'

stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical

economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatieneeasactinglike"

Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinIone-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"

quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."

Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseofIong-terminvesting,”CakdmissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformaneebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"

short-termism."

InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"

asubstantialpart"

ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformanee.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"

long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.lnFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

snewrulei

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britainsa

remindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformaneenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers'

senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governmentsimpatieneeindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."

short-termism"

ineconomicactivities

23.ltisarguedthattheinflueneeoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventing"

short-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotingIong-termism.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepastfewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhichstudentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"

-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,andthemostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent'

soverallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinuetodotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgradationrates.Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethemasecondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-levelcourses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,andevengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegradeitselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramandgradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."

Untimely."

saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity'

sregistrar."

weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterinsubsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.Forpublicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchasgraduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,meanmoremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendofthedayarepayingthebill-feelthey'

vpottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbigconcernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-oratleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'

andcolleges'

incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindiffereneetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinflueneeofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities'

incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments'

needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”（Line5.Para.6）mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalaneeeachother

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassessingitsfeasibility

B.analyzingthecausesbehindit.

C.comparing