大学英语四级真题及参考答案wordWord文档下载推荐.docx

大学英语四级真题及参考答案wordWord文档下载推荐.docx

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　　3.你的看法

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HowDoYouSeeDiversity?

　　Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.

　　Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.

“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting（避开）youreyes.

　　“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofeyecontact;

notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”

　　Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunderstandingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.

HireAdvantage

　　Atatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases（偏见）fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.

　　“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletosayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”

BlindedbyGender

　　Daleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.

　　“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;

andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.

　　“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”

YearoftheKnow-It-All

　　Dougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.

　　“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong’,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimatongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.

　　“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYearoff,nottheWesternNewYear.HeexplainedpolitelythatinhisculturethenewyeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.

　　“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithtoyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”

ABetterBottomLine

　　Anopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.“MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asaresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”

　　Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals,anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.

　　Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc.,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed（有缺陷的）orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainourselvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

　　1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate？

　　A）Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.

　　B）Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.

　　C）Hisresumedidn’tprovidethenecessaryinformation.

　　D）Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.

　　2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom_______.

　　A）racialstereotypes

　　B）invalidpersonalbias

　　C）culturalignorance

　　D）emphasisonphysicalappearance

　　3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?

　　A）Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.

　　B）Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.

　　C）Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.

　　D）Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.

　　4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?

　　A）Arealestateagency.

　　B）Apersonneltrainingcompany.

　　C）Aculturalexchangeorganization.

　　D）Ahi-techcompany.

　　5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat____.

　　A）hehadhiredthewrongperson

　　B）hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany

　　C）hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell

　　D）hemustgetridofhisgenderbias

　　6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?

　　A）Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.

　　B）Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.

　　C）Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.

　　D）Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.

　　7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?

　　A）Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.

　　B）Hedemandedanexplanation.

　　C）Heflatlyturneditdown.

　　D）Hereadilyapprovedit.

　　8.Dougfelt________whenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.

　　9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceof______totheirbusiness.

　　10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthe_______betweenus.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

　　SectionA

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C）andD），anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

　　11.A）Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.

　　B）Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.

　　C）Shethrewasurprisepartyforherfriend.

　　D）Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.

　　12.A）Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.

　　B）TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.

　　C）Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.

　　D）Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.

　　13.A）Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.

　　B）Hewasverycourageous.

　　C）Heusedtobeafirefighter.