大学综合英语教程第2册unit 4何兆熊.docx
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大学综合英语教程第2册unit4何兆熊
Unit4CulturalEncounters
SectionTwoGlobalReading
I.Textanalysis
1.Whichsentenceisthethesisstatement?
Thelastsentenceofthe3rdparagraph:
“Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.”
2.Compromising,intheauthor’sview,isakeynotionintranslationandthusalsoininterculturalcommunication.Numerousexamplesareusedtoexplainthisnotion.Trytofindtheseexamples.
Paragraph4:
ThelackofanexactcounterpartoftheEnglishword“homesickness”inotherlanguagessuchasItalian,Portuguese,andGerman.
Paragraph5:
TheproblemofuntranslatabilitywhichtheearlyBibletranslatorsencountered.
Paragraph6:
EnglishandWelshspeakersmakeadjustmentsregardingthecolorspectruminthegrey/green/blue/brownrange;theflatbreadsofCentralAsiaarealongwayawayfromMother’sPridewhiteslicedtoasties,yettheword“bread”hastoserveforboth.
IIStructuralanalysis
1.Whattypeofwritingisthisessay?
Andwhat’sthemainstrategytheauthoradopttodevelopthebodyoftheessay?
Itisapieceofargumentation.Abundantexamplesareprovidedtosupportherargumentinthebodyoftheessay.
2.Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable.
Paragraphs
Mainideas
1-3
ItdescribesthecommunicationsrevolutiontakingplaceworldwideandthewidespreaduseoftheEnglishlanguage,andthenpointsoutthatthereareindeedproblemswiththecommunicationsrevolution.
4-7
Itexemplifiesthatlanguageandculturearesocloselyinterrelatedthatoftenwefindthatwhatwecansayinonelanguagecannotbeconveyedatallinanother,andthatconfrontedwithinsurmountablelinguisticproblems,translatorsnegotiatetheboundariesbetweenlanguagesandcomeupwithacompromise.
8
Itbrieflypointsouttheimmensesignificanceofinterculturalunderstanding.
SectionThreeDetailedReading
TextI
CulturalEncounters
SusanBassnett
1Inevitably,thespreadofEnglishmeansthatmillionsofpeopleareaddinganotherlanguagetotheirownandarelearninghowtonegotiateculturalandlinguisticdifferences.Thisisanessentialskillintoday’shybridworld,particularlynowwhentheneedforinternationalunderstandinghasrarelybeensoimportant.Butevenasmorepeoplebecomemultilingual,sonativeEnglishspeakersarelosingout,fortheyarebecomingevermoremonolingual,andhenceincreasinglyunawareofthedifferencesbetweenculturesthatlanguagesreveal.Communicatinginanotherlanguageinvolvesnotonlylinguisticskills,buttheabilitytothinkdifferently,toenterintoanotherculture’smentalityandshapelanguageaccordingly.8Millionsofpeoplearediscoveringhowtobridgecultures,whiletheEnglish-speakingworldbecomesevermorecomplacentandcutsdownonforeignlanguagelearningprogramsinthemistakenbeliefthatitisenoughtoknowEnglish.
2Worldpeaceinthefuturedependsoninterculturalunderstanding.Thosebestplacedtohelpthatprocessmaynotbetheoneswiththelatesttechnologyandstate-of-the-artmobilephones,butthosewiththeskillstounderstandwhatliesin,underandbeyondthewordsspokeninmanydifferentlanguages.9
Paragraphs1-3
Questions:
1.WhatdocheapflightsandtheInternetmeantopeopletoday?
（Paragraph1）
Cheapflightsmeanthatmillionsofpeoplecanaffordtovisitplacestheirparentscouldonlydreamabout,whiletheInternetmeansthatnumerouspeopleareabletocommunicatewiththeremotestplaceswithgreatease.
2.ExemplifyandexplainthatEnglishhasbecomethemostimportantinternationallanguage.（Paragraph2）
ConferencesandbusinessmeetingsaroundtheglobeareheldinEnglish,regardlessofwhetheranyonepresentisanativeEnglishspeaker.Englishhassimplybecomethelanguagethatfacilitatescommunication,andformanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.
WordsandExpressions
1.accessn.entrance;wayin;meansofenteringortherighttouseorlookatsomething
e.g.Theonlymeansofaccesstothebuildingisalongamuddytrack.
到达那幢楼的唯一途径是沿着那条泥泞的小路前行。
Thesystemhasbeendesignedtogivetheuserquickandeasyaccesstotherequiredinformation.
Derivation:
accessiblea.
2.communicatevi.shareorexchangefeelings,opinions,orinformation,etc.
e.g.Heisashyboywhocan’tcommunicateverywell.
Derivation:
communicationn.
e.g.TheInternetisthebestmeansofcommunicationamongseveralpartnersatdifferentlocations.
communicativea.
3.remotea.distantinspaceortime
e.g.Wecanseeremotestarsthroughatelescope.
Intheremotefuture,manynewchangeswilltakeplace.
TheBeatlescarriedLiverpool’sfametotheremotestcornersoftheearth.
Derivation:
remotenessn.
e.g.Theyfoundtheremotenessofthecountryagreatproblem.
Comparison:
distant,far,remote
distantveryfarawayesp.indistance
e.g.Shecouldhearthedistantsoundoffireworksexploding.
fardescribesomethingthatisnotnear,orthepartofsomethingthatismostdistantfromthecentreorfromyou
e.g.Thestationisn’tfar—wecouldeasilywalkit.
remotedescribeanarea,houseorvillagethatisalongwayfromanytownsorcities
e.g.Helivedinaremotemountainvillage.
Translation:
1.我们很难观察月亮的另一边。
Thefarsideofthemoonisdifficultforustoobserve.
2.邮车每周只到这个偏僻的村庄一次。
Mailcomestothisremotevillageonlyonceaweek.
3.这个朝圣者来自非常远的地方。
Thispilgrimcamefromaverydistantplace.
4.mockinglyad.inawayinwhichsb.orsth.ismadefunof
e.g.Andrienneraisedhereyebrowsmockingly—“What’swrong,mydear?
Don’tyouunderstand?
”
TheboywhowasoncereferredtomockinglyasacountryboyisnowtheCEOofajointventure.
5.regardlessofwithouttakingaccountoforworryingabout
e.g.Iboughtthebook,regardlessofthecost.
尽管价钱挺高，我还是买了这本书。
Thelawrequiresequaltreatmentforall,regardlessofrace,religionorsex.
6.facilitatevt.help;makeeasyoreasier
e.g.Thenewundergroundrailwaywillfacilitatethejourneytotheairport.
Aninterfaceisawindowenvironmentdesignedtofacilitatetheinteractionbetweentheuserandthesystem.
界面是一个窗口环境，其设计是用来促进用户和系统之间的交互作用。
Derivation:
facilitationn.
facilitativea.
7.steppingstoneanyofarowoflargestoneswithaleveltop,whichonewalksontocrossariverorstream;figuratively,awayofimprovementorgainingsuccess
e.g.Forsomepeople,gainingpowerisanessentialsteppingstonetoasuccessfullife.
Temporaryjobscanbeasteppingstoneoutofunemployment.
8.havemisgivingsnotbesure
e.g.Ihavemanymisgivingsabouttakingthejob.
我对是否接受那项工作顾虑重重。
9.fundamentala.basic
e.g.Aknowledgeofeconomicsisfundamentaltoanyunderstandingofthisproblem.
经济学知识对于理解这个问题是至关重要的。
Thereisafundamentaldifferenceinattitudebetweenthesetwopoliticians.
这两位政治家的态度有着根本的区别。
Derivation:
fundamentallyad.
e.g.Idisagreedfundamentallywithwhattheystoodfor.
10.profounda.intense;deep;verystronglyfelt
e.g.Thebookcontainsprofoundinsightintohumanbehavior.
Thedevelopmentwastohaveaprofoundeffectonallourlives.
Derivation:
profoundlyad.
e.g.Iamprofoundlygratefulforthisopportunitytomeetyou.
11.atone’speril（usedwhenadvisingsb.nottodosth.）withthenearcertaintyofmeetinggreatdanger
e.g.Youignorethiswarningatyourperil.
你若忽视这个警告，就得自担风险。
Activity:
Fillineachblankwithasuitablepreposition.
1.Whichcompanieswasshereferring___whenshespokeofcompetingfirms?
（to）
2.Batscommunicate___eachotherbyultrasonicmessages.（with）
3.Citizensmayhavefreeaccess____thelibrary.
（to）
4.Itisrudetomock____others’shortcomings.（at）
5.I’dliketogobacktoteaching,butIam___touchwithmysubjectnow.（outof）
6.Sheisdeterminedtodoregardless____allconsequences.
（of）
7.Foodisessential___life.
（to）
8.Atthetime,manydoctorshadseriousmisgivings____thenewtreatment.（about）
9.Anyclimberwhoneglectsthesesimpleprecautionsdoesso___hisperil.（at）
Sentences
1.Weliveinanageofeasyaccesstotherestoftheworld.（Paragraph1）
Translation:
我们生活在一个可以轻松到达世界其它角落的时代。
2.…formanypeoplelearningEnglishisanessentialsteppingstoneontheroadtosuccess.（Paragraph2）
Explanation:
…formanypeopletheacquisitionofEnglishisbasicallyaspringboardtowardstheirlifetimeachievements.
Asteppingstoneisameansthathelpsyoutoprogresstowardsachievingsomethingespeciallyinyourwork.
e.g.Studentsfromvariousminoritygroupsareintentonusingeducationasasteppingstonetoabetterlife.
3.Mostfundamentalistheprofoundrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturethatliesattheheartofsocietyandonethatweoverlookatourperil.（Paragraph3）
Paraphrase:
Thereisabasicrelationshipbetweenlanguageandculturewhichisanessentialpartofsocietyandonethatitisdangerousifweignore.
Translation:
最根本的是语言与文化之间的深远关系，它存在于社会的中心，忽视它必然会造成危险。
我们生活在一个交通便捷的时代，轻轻松松地就可到达世界上的任何角落。
我们可以买上便宜的机票飞去任何角落，那些地方是我们的父母可望而不可及的。
网络让我们和千里之外的人们有了沟通的机会，传统的邮政业务如今却被戏称为蜗牛邮件。
当学生们背上行囊远行时，他们可以在喜马拉雅山上的网吧或是沙漠绿洲中给父母发一封电子邮件报平安。
随时随地发送手机短信对于我们再熟悉不过了。
我们每一个人，好像只要能付得起钱，就永远不会和外界失去联系。
然而，值得注意的是，全球通信化的巨大革命与英语的广泛传播有着密切的关系。
全球国际会议和经济会议的通用语言都是英语，不管参会人员的母语是不是英语。
英语促进了国际间的沟通和交流，因此对于许多人来说学习英语是通向成功路上的重要基石。
所以你会想，为什么我们要对这样的好的改变而感到担忧呢，为什么有一些人要因为由于日益成为国际通用语言而心存不安呢？
这是因为国际间交流的变革的确存在问题而且不只是经济上的问题。
最根本的是语言与文化之间的深远关系，它存在于社会的中心，忽视它必然会造成危险。
Paragraphs4-7
Questions:
1.Supplyspecificexamplestoprovethatlanguageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother.（Paragraph4）
Numerousexamplesshowthatlanguageandcultureareinterrelated.TakealookatsomeEnglishidiomsandse
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