ENG GOST 19912Word文档格式.docx
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2APPROVEDbyInternationalScientificandTechnicalCommissiononStandardization,MetrologyandCertificationinConstructiononthe30thofMay2001.
Thefollowingbodiesvotedforapprovalofthestandard:
Nameofstate
Nameofagencyofstatehousingadministration
AzerbaijaniRepublic
AzerbaijaniRepublicConstructionCommittee
RepublicofArmenia
MinistryofUrbanDevelopmentoftheRepublicofArmenia
RepublicofKazakhstan
KazStroyCommittee
RepublicofMoldova
MinistryofEcologyandLandImprovementoftheRepublicofMoldova
RussianFederation
RussianFederationConstructionCommittee
RepublicofUzbekistan
RepublicofUzbekistanConstructionandArchitectureCommittee
Ukraine
UkraineConstructionCommittee
3INSTEADOFGOST19912-81,GOST20069-81
4PUTINTOEFFECTsincethe1stofJanuary2002asstatestandardoftheRussianFederationbyregulationofRussianFederationConstructionCommitteeofthe22ndofAugustNo.99.
Fieldtestmethodsbystatic
anddynamicsounding
Effectivedate2002-01-01
1Fieldofapplication
Thisstandardiseffectivefordispersenatural,man-causedandfrozensoils,whichcompositionandstateallowcontinuoussounding,andestablishesfieldtestmethodsbysoundingduringinvestigationofthesesoilsforconstruction.
Thestandardisnoteffectiveforstaticsoundingofsoils,whichcontainover25%(byweight)ofparticlesbiggerthan10mm,andfordynamicsoundingofsoils,whichcontainover40%(byweight)ofparticlesbiggerthan10mm.
2References
Inthestandardthefollowingreferenceisused:
GOST30672-99Soils.Fieldtests.Generalprovisions.
3Definitions
Terms,usedinthestandard,arelistedinAppendixА.
4Generalprovisions
4.1Thestandardestablishesthefollowingfieldtestmethodsbysounding:
staticsounding;
dynamicsounding.
4.2Generalrequirementsforfiledtestsofsoils,equipmentandinstruments,preparationoftestplatformsarespecifiedinGOST30672.
4.3Fieldtestmethodsbysoundingareusedtogetherwithotherkindsofengineering-geologicaloperationsorseparatelyfor:
allocationofengineering-geologicalelements(thicknessoflayersandlenses,distributionlimitsofsoilsofdifferenttypesandsorts);
estimationofspatialvariationofcompositionandpropertiesofsoils;
determinationofdepthofrocksandfragmentalsoils;
quantitativeassessmentofcharacteristicsofphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofsoils(consistency,modulusofdeformation,angleofinternalfrictionandadhesionofsoilsandsoon);
determinationofdegreeofcompactionandhardeningofsoilsintimeandspace;
estimationofpossibilityforpolinganddeterminationofburialdepth;
determinationofdataforcalculationofpilefoundations;
selectionoflocationsfortestplatformsanddepthoffiledtests,andforsamplingpointsforlaboratoryresearches;
qualitycontrolofgeologicalandengineeringworks.
4.4Soundingofsoilsisexecutedbypressingofsondeintosoilduringstaticsounding,bydrivingorvibropilingofsondeduringdynamicsoundingwithsimultaneous(orinestablisheddepthintervals)measurementofparameters,whichcharacterizesoilresistancetointrusionofsonde.
4.5Qualitativeassessmentofcharacteristicsofphysical-mechanicalpropertiesofsoilsiscarriedoutonthebaseofstatisticallyprovedrelationsbetweenvaluesofsoilresistancetointrusionofsondeandresultsofcharacteristicsdeterminationwiththehelpofotherstandardmethods.
4.6Soundingmethod,soundingdepthandlocationofsoundingpointsaredeterminedbyprogramofengineering-geologicalinvestigations.
Apartofsoundingpointsmustbelocatedclosetoexcavations(2–5m)inordertoobtaindata,requiredforinterpretationofsoundingresults.
4.7Duringfieldtestsbysoundingitisnecessarytokeepfieldtestbookaccordingtoforms,specifiedinAppendixB,withattachmentofautomaticrecords(ifany),andtorepresenttestsresultsintheformofcurvesthatreflectchangeofvaluesofsoilresistancetointrusionofsondedependingonsoundingdepth.
Scalesofthesechatsmaybedifferentfromscales,establishedbythestandard,ifrelationbetweenscalesofverticalandhorizontalcoordinateswillbemaintainedthesame.
Testsprofilesmustbeaccompaniedwithengineering-geologicalsectionoftheclosesttosoundingpointexcavation.
5Staticsounding
5.1Principleofmethod
5.1.1Fieldtestbystaticsoundingiscarriedoutwiththehelpofspecialunitthatprovidespressingofsondeintosoil.
5.1.2Duringstaticsoundingthefollowingdataisdeterminedaccordingtoresultsofmeasurementofsoilresistanceundersondetipandonsidesurfaceofsonde:
specificresistanceofsoilundersondetip(cone)qс;
totalresistanceofsoilonsidesurfaceQs(forsondeoftypeI);
specificresistanceofsoilonsidesurface(frictioncoupling)ofsondefs(forsondeoftypeII).
Notes
1Onspecialinstructionsitispossibletomeasureporouspressurethatappearsininterstitialwaterduringsoundingwiththehelpofporouspressuresensors.Thesensorsareestablishedonsondecone(piezocone)ordirectlybehindthecone(piezosondes).
2Usingofspeciallyequippedsondesallowsmeasurementofconsistency,volumehumidityandnaturalgammabackgroundofsoilwiththehelpofradioactivitylogging,soiltemperatureandelectricalresistance
5.2Equipmentandinstruments
5.2.1Machineforfieldtestbystaticsoundingmustinclude:
sonde(setofrodsandconictip);
instrumentforpressinginandextractionofsonde;
support-anchordevice;
instrumentformeasurementofloadandresistanceofsoil.
5.2.2Dependingofefforts,requiredforpressingofsondeunderdifferentsoilconditions,andrangeofmeasuringsoilresistance,themachinesaredividedaccordingtotable1.
Table1
Typeofmachine
Maximumeffortofpressinginandextractionofsonde,kN
Rangeofmeasuringsoilresistance
qc,MPa
fs,kPa
QskN
Light
upto50inclusive
0,5-10
2-100
Medium
over50to100inclusive
1-30
5-200
Heavy
over100
1-50
10-500
2-60
5.2.3Dependingoftipconstructionsondesmaybeofthefollowingtypes:
I–sondewithtipthatconsistsofconeandhousing;
II–sondewithtipthatconsistsofconeandfrictioncoupling.
ConstructionsofsondesandtheirmainparametersarespecifiedinAppendixC.
Note–ForsondeoftypeIIitisallowedtousewidenerthatmustbelocatednocloserthan1000mmfromcone.
5.2.4Periodically(butnolongerthanevery15soundingpoints)itisnecessarytocheckstraightnessofsonderodsanddegreeoftipwear.
Straightnessofsonderodsischeckedbycollectingofstandsinto3mlongsectionsonflatsurface.Deviationofthesesectionsfromstraightlinemustnotexceed3mminanyplaneatfulllengthofthecheckedsection.
Decreaseofconeheightmustnotexceed5mm,decreaseofitsdiametermustnotexceed0.3mm.
5.2.5Support-anchorunitmusttakeupreactiveefforts,appearingduringpressinginandextractionofsonde.
5.2.6Maininaccuracyofmeasuringinstrumentsmustnotexceed:
5%-duringmeasurementofappliedload;
10%-duringmeasurementofsoilresistance(butnomorethan5%ofmaximalmeasuredvalue);
1,0cm–duringmeasurementofburialdepthofsonde.
5.2.7Instrumentsformeasurementofsoilresistancetosondeintrusionmaybemechanicalorautomatic.Theseinstrumentsmaybecombined.
Duringtestsitisnecessarytoregisterinformationonchartstrip,inmemoryblockofregistrationsystem,etc.
5.2.8Measurementinstrumentsmustbecalibratedaccordingtopassportdata(butnolongerthanevery3months).
5.3Preparationtotest
5.3.1Preparationofmachineforfieldtestbystaticsoundingiscarriedoutincompliancewithrequirementsofitsoperationalinstructions.
5.3.2Ifnecessaryyoumaycheckstraightnessofsonderodsanddegreeoftipwearaccordingto5.2.4.
5.3.3Deviationofmachinemastfromverticalmustnotexceed2°
.
5.4Testoperation
5.4.1Staticsoundingmustbeexecutedbycontinuouspressingofsondeintosoil,observingorderofoperations,establishedbyoperationalinstructions.
5.4.2Pausesinpressingofsondeareallowedonlyforbuild-upofsonderods.
5.4.3Duringsoundingitisnecessarytocontrolverticalityofsondesinking.
5.4.4Valuesofsoilresistancemustberegisteredcontinuouslyorbydepthintervalsnomorethan0.2m.
5.4.5Speedofsondesinkingintosoilmustbe(1,2±
0,3)m/min.
5.4.6Testisfinishedafterreachingofpresetdepthofsondesinkingormaximumefforts,shownintable1.Whenthetestisfinishedsondeisextractedfromsoilandwellisplugged.
5.4.7Registrationofvaluesofsoilresistancetosondeintrusionismadeinfieldtestbook(AppendixB),onchartstriporinmemoryblockofregistrationsystem.
5.5Processingofresults
Accordingtomeasurementsresults,obtainedduringtestvaluesofparameterQs(forsondeoftypeI),qc,fs(forsondeoftypeII)arecalculatedandcurvesthatshowchangeofthesevaluesbysoundingdepth(AppendixD)aregraphed.
6Dynamicsounding
6.1Principleofmethod
6.1.1Fieldtestbydynamicsoundingiscarriedoutwiththehelpofspecialunitthatprovidessondeintrusionbyimpactorshock-and-vibrati