考研英语一及答案文档格式.docx
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slegitimacybymakingthemselves_19_tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.
1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify
[D]recognize
2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless
3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated
4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted
5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded
6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone
7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies8.[A]evade
[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle
9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict
10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though
12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace
13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer
14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied
15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions
16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls
17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted
18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore
19.[A]accessible
[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable
20.[A]byallmesns[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult
Text1
Comeon-Everybody'
sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.
Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:
InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.
Theideaseemspromising,andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:
theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.“Daretobedifferent,pleasedon'
tsmoke!
”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.
Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit'
spresentedhereisthatitdoesn'
tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.
There'
snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:
weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.
Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It'
sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat'
stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:
intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.
21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas
[A]asupplementtothesocialcure[B]astimulustogroupdynamics
[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors
22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould
[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers[B]learnfromadvertisers'
experience
[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements
23.Intheauthor'
sview,Rosenberg'
sbookfailsto
[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure
[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect
24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors
[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies
[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits
25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis
[A]harmful[B]desirable
[C]profound[D]questionable
Text2
Adealisadeal-except,apparently,whenEntergyisinvolved.Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestrictnuclearregulations.
Instead,thecompanyhasdonepreciselywhatithadlongpromiseditwouldnotchallengetheconstitutionalityofVermont'
srulesinthefederalcourt,aspartofadesperateefforttokeepitsVermontYankeenuclearpowerplantrunning.It'
sastunningmove.
Theconflicthasbeensurfacingsince2002,whenthecorporationboughtVermont'
sonlynuclearpowerplant,anagingreactorinVernon.Asaconditionofreceivingstateapprovalforthesale,thecompanyagreedtoseekpermissionfromstateregulatorstooperatepast2012.In2006,thestatewentastepfurther,requiringthatanyextensionoftheplant'
slicensebesubjecttoVermontlegislature'
sapproval.Then,too,thecompanywentalong.
EitherEntergyneverreallyintendedtolivebythosecommitments,oritsimplydidn'
tforeseewhatwouldhappennext.Astringofaccidents,includingthepartialcollapseofacoolingtowerin207andthediscoveryofanundergroundpipesystemleakage,raisedseriousquestionsaboutbothVermontYankee'
ssafetyandEntergy'
smanagement-especiallyafterthecompanymademisleadingstatementsaboutthepipe.EnragedbyEntergy'
sbehavior,theVermontSenatevoted26to4lastyearagainstallowinganextension.
Nowthecompanyissuddenlyclaimingthatthe2002agreementisinvalidbecauseofthe2006legislation,andthatonlythefederalgovernmenthasregulatorypowerovernuclearissues.Thelegalissuesinthecaseareobscure:
whereastheSupremeCourthasruledthatstatesdohavesomeregulatoryauthorityovernuclearpower,legalscholarssaythatVermontcasewillofferaprecedent-settingtestofhowfarthosepowersextend.Certainly,therearevalidconcernsaboutthepatchworkregulationsthatcouldresultifeverystatesetsitsownrules.ButhadEntergykeptitsword,thatdebatewouldbebesidethepoint.
ThecompanyseemstohaveconcludedthatitsreputationinVermontisalreadysodamagedthatithasnotinglefttolosebygoingtowarwiththestate.Butthereshouldbeconsequences.Permissiontorunanuclearplantisapoblictrust.Entergyruns11otherreactorsintheUnitedStates,includingPilgrimNuclearstationinPlymouth.PledgingtorunPilgrimsafely,thecompanyhasappliedforfederalpermissiontokeepitopenforanother20years.ButastheNuclearRegulatoryCommission(NRC)reviewsthecompany'
sapplication,itshouldkeepitmindwhatpromisesfromEntergyareworth.
26.Thephrase“renegingon”(Line3.para.1)isclosestinmeaningto
[A]condemning.[B]reaffirming.
[C]dishonoring.[D]securing.
27.Byenteringintothe2002agreement,Entergyintendedto
[A]obtainprotectionfromVermontregulators.[B]seekfavorfromthefederallegislature.
[C]acquireanextensionofitsbusinesslicense.[D]getpermissiontopurchaseapowerplant.
28.AccordingtoParagraph4,Entergyseemstohaveproblemswithits
[A]managerialpractices.[B]technicalinnovativeness.
[C]financialgoals.[D]businessvision
29.Intheauthor'
sview,theVermontcasewilltest
[A]Entergy'
scapacitytofulfillallitspromises.[B]thematureofstates'
patchworkregulations.[C]thefederalauthorityovernuclearissues.[D]thelimitsofstates'
powerovernuclearissues.
30.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
sbusinesselsewheremightbeaffected.[B]theauth