[董亚芬大学英语精读第二册]U10优质PPT.pptx

[董亚芬大学英语精读第二册]U10优质PPT.pptx

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Itisabout10%to20%totheirbills.Whodependslargelyontips?

Waitersandwaitressesdependlargelyontips.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Atipisasmallgiftofmoneyforservice,usuallyinadditiontopaymentdue.Originally,itwasusedtoinsurepromptserviceortospeedservice.Butnowadays,itisacommonpracticeformostAmericanandEuropeanhotelsandrestaurantstoaddaservicechargeofabout10%to20%totheirbills,andmanyguestsfeelimpelledtotipabovethis.Ontheotherhand,manywaitersandwaitressesdependlargelyontipsfortheirlivelihood.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,WilliamShakespeareWilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）wasanEnglishplaywrightandpoet,recognizedinmuchoftheworldasthegreatestofalldramatists.Hisstyle:

Hisplayscommunicateaprofoundknowledgeofthesourcesofhumanbehavior,revealedthroughportrayalsofawidevarietyofcharacters.Hisuseofpoetrywithinhisplaystoexpressthedeepestlevelsofhumanmotivationinvarioussituationsisconsideredoneofthegreatestaccomplishmentsinliteraryhistory.Hisfamousplays:

RomeoandJulietMuchAdoAboutNothingAMidsummerNightsDreamTheMerchantofVeniceHamletMacbeth,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,MarkTwainMarkTwain（1835-1910）isthepennameofSamuelLanghorneClemens,agreatAmericanwriterandhumorist.Hisstyle:

Hisbestworkischaracterizedbybroad,oftenirreverenthumororbitingsocialsatire.Twainswritingisalsoknownforrealismofplaceandlanguage,memorablecharacters,andhatredofhypocrisy（伪善）andoppression（压迫）.Hisfamouswork:

TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn（1885）Thebookisthestoryofthetitlecharacter,knownasHuck,aboywhofleeshisfatherbyraftingdowntheMississippiRiverwitharunawayslave,Jim.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BehaviorandBehavioralSciencesDirections:

Listentothepassageaboutbehaviorandbehavioralsciencesandfillinthemissingwords.Behaviorisanythingthatalivingcreaturedoes.Withhumanbeingsthewordoftenreferstoactsthatotherpersonscanobserveiftheyhappentobepresent.Actually,allresponsesandwaysofactingarebehavior.Theseincludeapersonsthoughtse,motions,feelings,needs,andtheresponsesofhismusclesandglands.Behaviorsciencesdealwiththesubjectofhumanactions,especiallythoseactionsthatdevelopoutofinterpersonalrelations,usuallyincludingthefieldsofsociology,socialandculturalanthropology,educationandpsychology.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Warm-upQuestionsWhatdidyourparentsdowhenyoumadeamistake?

Andhowabouttheteacher?

Whatkindoffeelingdoyouhavewhenyouarepraised?

Howdoyoufeelwhenyouareblamed?

Doyouoftenpraisepeopleorcriticizethem?

HowdoChineseusuallydowithpraise?

（=“Itsnothing.”“Dontmentionit.”Orotherwordstoconcealouractualhappyfeelingsinordertoshowourmodesty.）Doyouthinkthatpunishmentisthewaytomakeachildlearn?

BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,PartDivisionoftheTextTrueorFalseFurtherUnderstanding,QuestionsandAnswersRole-playDictationBlankFillingReportCompletionReadingComprehensionDiscussion,ForPart1,ForPart2ForPart3,ForPart4,BeforeReading,GlobalReadingDetailedReading,AfterReading,PartDivisionoftheText,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,TrueorFalseTheauthorhaddecidedtoquitherjobbutafewwordsofpraisefromacustomerchangedhermind.（T）Wearereluctanttocriticizebuteagertopraiseotherpeople.（F）Accordingtotheauthor,weareofteneagertocriticizebutreluctanttopraiseotherpeople.Oneoftheauthorsfriendsisgoodatlanguagesandthisabilityhasenabledhertomakefriendswithforeigners.（F）Sheisnotmuchofalinguist.Accordingtotheauthor,peopleoftenfeelembarrassedwhentheyhearcompliments.（T）,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Ofallpeople,housewivesneedpraisethemost.（T）Mothersneedtobetoldthatforchildrenanounceofpraiseisworthapoundofscolding.（F）Theyknowthatinstinctively.Throughexperimentsithasbeenlearnedthatapersontendstorepeathisbehaviorifsuchbehaviorisrewarded.（T）Inmostschools,studentswhofailtogetpraisearetheoneswhoneeditthemost.（T）,BeforeReading,GlobalReadingDetailedReading,AfterReading,QuestionsandAnswersHowdidthewriterfeelattheendofherfirstdayaswaitressinarestaurant?

Howdidshefeelwhenthefatherwithseveralchildrenhadchangedtheice-creamorderadozentimes?

Howcomeherexhaustionvanishedallofasudden?

BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Role-playCharacters:

waiters,afamily,amanagerTask:

orderinarestaurant,givetipsandaskforfeeling,Tips,Complimenting:

Youreallylookgreattoday!

Whatawonderfulhouseyouhave!

Thatisnotabadbikeyouvegot!

Ireallylikeyourhairstyle/dress!

Themeal,especiallythedumpling,isdelicious!

Role-play,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Tips,Responses:

Thanks.Iamgladyoulikeittoo.Iamverygladyouthinkso.Thankyou.Itssoniceofyoutosayso.Youareflatteringme./Iamflattered.Thankyou.Itsreallynothingspecial.WrongResponses:

No,no,itsnothing.Itsnotsogood.Youcannotsayso.Dontsaythat.Welcome.Itsmyduty.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReadingAfterReading,DictationListentothefollowingparagraphandthenfillinthemissingwords.Praiseislikesunlighttothehumanspirit;

wecantflowerandgrowwithoutit.Andyet,whilemostofusareonlytooreadytoapplytoothersthecoldwindofcriticism,wearesomehowreluctanttogiveourfellowsthewarmsunshineofpraise.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,BlankFillingAccordingtotheauthor,unexcitingandroutinejobsthatgenerallygo,gas-stationwor,k,unnoticedarecleaning,laundry,paper-deliver,yhouse-keeping.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,ReportCompletionDirections:

YouarerequiredtoreadLine71toLine83andthencompletethefollowingreportoftheexperimentmadebybehavioralscientists.Purpose:

Toprovethatanyhumanbeingtendstorepeatanactwhichhasbeenimmediatelyfollowedbyapleasantresult.Objectsofexperiment:

Schoolchildren.Process:

Childrenaredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwasconsistentlypraisedforitspreviousperformance;

anothergroupwascriticized;

thethirdwasignored.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Results:

Thosewhowerepraisedimproveddramatically.Thosewhowerecriticizedimprovedsome.Thosewhowereignoredhardlyimprovedatall.Conclusion:

Brightestchildrenwerehelpedjustasmuchbycriticismasbypraise,butthelessablechildrenreactedbadlytocriticism,neededpraisemost.Unexpectedfindings:

Thelessablechildreninmostschoolsfailtogetthepatontheback.,2.Accordingtothewriter,whoshouldbegivenparticularpraise?

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReading,AfterReading,Themoreapersondoes,themorepraisehewillreceive.Peopleusuallygivemorepraisetothosewhoseworkisnothardanddirty.Paperboysgetmostofthepraisefromcustomers.Paperboysdontknowhowtoacceptcomplimentsgracefully.,KEY,KEY,ReadingComprehensionGooverPart3againandcompletethemultiplechoices.1.WhatcanyouinferfromLine35toLine43?

Afilmstar.Anartist.Ahousewife.Acook.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Whatcanyoulearnfromthedialoguebetweenthewriterandherdaughter?

KEYa.Itisbettertoscoldthechildrenthantopraisethem.Parentsshouldneverscoldtheirchildren.Parentsdontknowhowtomakechildrenplaypeacefullyathome.Itdoestheirchildrenmoregoodtopraisethantoscoldthem.Accordingtothispart,teachershould.KEYa.askstudentstoleavemarginsforpraisegivestudentsfavorablecommentsovertheirpreviousworkalwaysknowthatstudentsareeagertobepraisedalwaysaskstudentstohandinsomethingabovetheirusualstandard,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,5.Theauthorsattitudeaboutpraiseis.,positivenegativedoubtfulcritical,KEY,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,DiscussionDoyouagreewiththeauthorsopinionthatweshouldbealerttothesmallexcellencearoundusandcommentonthem?

Whyorwhynot?

BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Arewetooquicktoblameandslowtopraise?

Itseemsweare.,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,PROFITSOFPRAISE,JanetGrahamItwastheendofmyexhaustingfirstdayaswaitressinabusyNewYorkrestaurant.Mycaphadgoneawry,myapronwasstained,myfeetached.TheloadedtraysIcarriedfeltheavierandheavier.Wearyanddiscouraged,Ididntseemabletodoanythingright.AsImadeoutacomplicatedcheckforafamilywithseveralchildrenwhohadchangedtheirice-creamorderadozentimes,Iwasreadytoquit.Thenthefathersmiledatmeashehandedmemytip.“Welldone,”hesaid.“Youvelookedafterusreallywell.”,BeforeReading,GlobalReading,DetailedReading,AfterReading,Suddenlymytirednessvan